Abstract: In order to provide a theoretical basis for selecting fine varieties of walnut, phonological period of Xilin No.3, Xiangling, Xifu No.1, and Chico were observed in 2012, meanwhile the main economic characters were determined by principal component and correlation analysis, which included nut width, nut length, suture width, average nut weight, nut shell thickness, per kernel weight. The results showed that: apart from Chico was protogynous, the other 3 cultivars were protandrous. Xiangling was superb among 4 cultivars. According to more than 80.971% of the cumulative variance proportion, the results proposed three principal components and its function equations which reflected the main economic characters of walnut. The key principal component values of various varieties were calculated, it would be applied to select fine varieties, the results were similar to practical phenotype. The method of principal component analysis was more scientific and simple while evaluating main economic characters of walnut comprehensively.