Limiting Factors and High-yield Technologies of Direct-seeding Summer Maize on Wheat Stubbles

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070031

Abstract

Abstract: To explore the limiting factors and high-yield technologies of direct-seeding summer maize on wheat stubbles, this paper summarizes the production situation and main problems existing in the production of Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize, and analyzes the high-yield limiting factors, including thin plough layer and poor soil physical and chemical properties, poor sowing quality and serious sprout deficiency, unreasonable inputs of water and fertilizer and low fertilizer use efficiency, frequent disasters and poor stable yield, earlier harvest in summer maize production. Combining with the existing works, this paper puts forward technical strategies as follows: (1) deep tillage and direct straw returning; (2) reasonable compact planting and improving quality of sowing; (3) balanced fertilization based on soil nutrient and demand of maize; (4) the adversity resistance by intercropping different genotype maize and comprehensive prevention of insects pests and grass disaster; (5) delay the time of harvest.

CLC Number:

S143

References

[1] 中华人民共和国国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴2015[M].北京: 中国统计出版社, 2014.
[2] 张世煌.我国玉米产业发展的技术需求[J].玉米科学,2008,16(3):130-133.
[3] 王崇桃,李少昆.玉米生产限制因素评估与技术优先序[J].中国农业科学, 2010,43(6):1136-1146.
[4] 董树亭,张吉旺.建立玉米现代产业技术体系,加快玉米生产发展[J].玉米科学,2008,16(4):18-20,25.
[5] 张守林,王要闯,戚廷香,等.黄淮海地区夏玉米超高产栽培技术研究[J].中国农学通报, 2009,25(14):130-133.
[6] 于振文,田奇卓,潘庆民,等.黄淮麦区冬小麦超高产栽培的理论与实践[J].作物学报,2002,28(5):577-585.
[7] 韩伟,赵长星.山东省小麦玉米两熟农田高产可持续性探析[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(03):195-199.
[8] 闫素辉,李文阳,杨安中,等.弱光对小麦花后旗叶光合及籽粒灌浆的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2011,31(1):77-81.
[9] 宫亮,孙文涛,包红静,等.不同耕作方式对土壤水分及玉米生长发育的影响[J].玉米科学,2011,19(3):118-120,125.
[10] 李潮海,李胜利,王群,等.下层土壤容重对玉米根系生长及吸收活力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(8):1706-1711.
[11] 王群,尹飞,郝四平,等.下层土壤容重对玉米根际土壤微生物数量及微生物量碳、氮的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(6):3096-3104.
[12] 王群,李潮海,郝四平,等.下层土壤容重对玉米生育后期光合特性和产量的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2008,19(4):787-793.
[13] 汤永禄,李朝苏,吴春,等.播种方式对丘陵旱地套作小麦立苗质量、产量及效益的影响[J]. 中国农业科学,2013,46(24):5089-5097.
[14] 李向岭,李从锋,葛均筑,等.播期和种植密度对玉米产量性能的影响[J].玉米科学2011,19(2):95-100.
[15] 贾春林,郭洪海,袁奎明,等.黄淮区不同播种方式对玉米出苗质量和土壤环境的影响[J]. 玉米科学,2012,20(1):108-111.
[16] 赵霞,陈保林,司雪琴,等.缺苗断垄对机播夏玉米产量及产量构成因素的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(18):161-164.
[17] Tuan N T, Qiu J J, Li H, et al. Temperature and Precipitation Suitability Evaluation for the Winter Wheat and Summer Maize Cropping System in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China[J]. Agricultural Sciences in China, 2011, 10(2): 275-288
[18] 崔震海,马兴林,张立军,等.苗期干旱对玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].玉米科学, 2005,13(2):79-81,89.
[19] Yang J Y, Mei X R, Huo Z G, et al. Water consumption in summer maize and winter wheat cropping system based on SEBAL model in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2015, 14(10): 2065–2076
[20] 孙军伟,冀天会,杨子光,等.玉米萌芽期抗旱性鉴定研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(03):104-107.
[21] 孙军伟,齐华,张振平,等.玉米萌芽期抗旱性研究[J].玉米科学,2008,16(4):115-118.
[22] 李苗苗,张艳玲.夏玉米开花至灌浆期连阴雨天气对植株性状及产量结构的影响[J].气象与环境科学,2014,37(1):88-92.
[23] 刘哲,郭静,李绍明,等.玉米种植环境小斑病定量表达与验证[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(11):160-163.
[24] 邢跃先,李凤海,吴凤新,等.出苗后干旱对玉米丝黑穗病发病的影响[J].玉米科学,2007,15(2):127-129.
[25] 翟治芬,胡玮,严昌荣,等.中国玉米生育期变化及其影响因子研究[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(22):4587-4603.
[26] 张学林,王群,赵亚丽,等.施氮水平和收获时期对夏玉米产量和籽粒品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(10):2565-2572.
[27] 李潮海,赵霞,刘天学,等.麦茬处理方式对夏玉米(Zea mays L.)根际生物活性的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(5):2169-2175.
[28] 李潮海,赵霞,刘天学,等.麦茬处理方式对机播夏玉米的生态生理效应[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(1):162-165.
[29] Tao Z Q, Li C F, Ding Z S, et al. Tillage and straw mulching impacts on grain yield and water use efficiency of spring maize in Northern Huang–Huai–Hai Valley[J].The Crop Journal,2015,(3),445-450
[30] 赵亚丽,薛志伟,郭海斌,等.耕作方式与秸秆还田对土壤呼吸的影响及机理[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(19):155-164.
[31] 付国占,李潮海,王俊忠,等.残茬覆盖与耕作方式对夏玉米叶片衰老代谢和籽粒产量的影响[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(1):0155-0160.学报,2010,21(10):2565-2572.
[32] 陈国平,高聚林,赵明,等.近年我国玉米超高产田的分布、产量构成及关键技术[J].作物学报, 2012, 38(1): 80-85.
[33] 王新兵,侯海鹏,周宝元,等.条带深松对不同密度玉米群体根系空间分布的调节效应[J].作物学报,2014, 40(12): 2136-2148.
[34] 马国胜,薛吉全,路海东,等.密度与氮肥对关中灌区夏玉米(Zea mays L. )群体光合生理指标的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(2):661-668.
[35] 曹彩云,李伟,党红凯,等.不同种植密度对夏玉米产量、产量性状及群体光合特性的影响研究[J].华北农学报,2013,28(增刊):161-166.
[36] 王宜伦,李潮海,何萍,等.超高产夏玉米养分限制因子及养分吸收积累规律研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(3):559-566.
[37] 王宜伦,刘天学,赵鹏,等.施氮量对超高产夏玉米产量与氮素吸收及土壤硝态氮的影响[J]. 中国农业科学,2013,46(12):2483-2491.
[38] 王宜伦,李潮海,谭金芳,等.氮肥后移对超高产夏玉米产量及氮素吸收和利用的影响[J].作物学报,2011,37(2):339?347.
[39] Cheng Y, Zhao J, Liu Z X ,et al. Modified fertilization management of summer maize( Zea mays L) in northern China improves grain yield and efficiency of nitrogen use[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2015, 14(8): 1644–1657
[40] 赵士诚,刘新红,韩燕来,等.钾肥在豫北潮土区夏玉米上的施用效果初报[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(5):266-268.
[41] 司贤宗,韩燕来,王宜伦,等.缓释氮肥与普通尿素配施提高冬小麦-夏玉米施肥效果的研究[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(7):1390-1398.
[42] 刘天学,李潮海,付景,等.不同基因型玉米间作的群体质量[J].生态学报,2009,29(11):6302-6309.
[43] 刘天学,李潮海,马新明,等.不同基因型玉米间作对叶片衰老、籽粒产量和品质的影响[J]. 植物生态学报,2008,32(4):914-921.
[44] 苏新宏,李潮海,孙敦立,等.不同基因型玉米间作研究初报[J].玉米科学,2000,8(4):57-60.
[45] 李潮海,苏新宏,孙敦立,等.不同基因型玉米间作复合群体生态生理效应[J].生态学报,2002,22(12):2096-2103.
[46] 靳立斌,张吉旺,李波,等.高产高效夏玉米的冠层结构及其光合特性[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(12):2430-2439.
[47] 宋尚有,王勇,樊廷录,等.氮素营养对黄土高原旱地玉米产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(3):387-392.