Abstract: Erianthus arundinaceum, a related species of the most important sugar crop Saccharum, is an essential gene resource for stress and disease resistance in sugarcane breeding. Colchicine is the most common and effective chemical inducer on polyploid breeding at present. To detect the effects of colchicine on callus induction and shoot regeneration, Erianthus arundinaceus‘Yun 83-183’, with the chromosome of 2n=60, was used as the material for studying the effect of different concentrations of 2,4-D and colchicine, process-time and culture forms on callus induction and shoot regeneration. The results indicated that, when callus was cultured 7 days in solid medium with 0.07% colchicine or 0.5 days in liquid medium with 0.05% colchicine, callus had no ability of shoot regeneration, which meant that in liquid culture, colchicine had not only more inhibitory effect on callus, but also lower concentration and shorter process-time than solid culture; when the concentration of colchicine was 0.03% and callus was cultured 7 days in solid medium or 0.5 day in liquid medium, the resistance callus rate and resistance bud rate were the maximum, although the resistance callus rates were all about 88.00% and had no significant difference between solid culture and liquid culture, the resistance bud rate was only 6.00% in liquid culture, 16.22% lower than in solid culture, which meant that solid culture was more effective than liquid culture at the same colchicine concentration. For Erianthus arundinaceus‘Yun 83-183’, the best concentration of 2,4-D was 2 mg/L, the best concentration of colchicine was 0.03%, the best effect of callus induction and shoot regeneration was achieved with 7 days of solid culture. Our studies would provide fundamental information for chromosome doubling of Erianthus arundinaceus in the future.