Abstract: The paper aims to evaluate the degree of hollowing of rural residential sites, and optimize its spatial layout, which is of great importance to effectively integrate land resources so as to promote the orderly development of urbanization process. Taking Mingshui, Heilongjiang as the study object, the author evaluates the hollowing status of study area by adopting the evaluation index of hollowing degree, and reveals the timing of rural residential arrangement, and finally put forward the arrangement plan. The results show that: the hollowing of rural residential sites was obvious in Mingshui, the trend of hollowing in townships is different in different planning periods, the rural settlements have a large proportion of townships are Tongquan, Yongxing and so on; at last, according to the research results, the author puts forward the optimization scheme of spatial layout, and suggests the migration of rural settlements and the migration direction according to the planning period. Based on the above research results, in the future, reasonable development proposals will be given in light of the geographical factors, social and economic development factors, land development and utilization of rural residential sites.