Abstract: To explore the effect of suitable base-topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer on population dynamics, dry matter transport and nitrogen uptake and distribution of winter wheat under drip irrigation,‘Luyuan 502’ was taken as experimental material. Four drip irrigation treatments with different base-topdressing ratios were set up to monitor the wheat group dynamics, the soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, total nitrogen content and total nitrogen accumulation of wheat, and the absorption and transport of dry matter at maturity stage was also detected. The results showed that the number of wheat population, the dry matter of grain, the alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content of soil, the total nitrogen content of soil, and the total nitrogen accumulation of plant with drip irrigation at maturity stage were 1.12, 1.30, 1.25, 1.14 and 1.15 times of those of the control, respectively, and kept relatively high values at other stages, significantly higher than those of other treatments. It can be seen that the base-topdressing ratio of 4:6 with drip irrigation significantly increase the population number of wheat, the transfer of dry matter to grain and the effective utilization of nitrogen in wheat.