Planting and Incorporation of Chinese Milk Vetch Coupled with Chemical Fertilizer Application: Effects on the Physical and Chemical Characters of Paddy Soil and Rice Yield

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0767

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on a 10-year field experiment on planting and incorporation of Chinese milk vetch coupled with the application of chemical fertilizer in Xinyang, Henan, six treatments (no fertilizer, 100% fertilizer, Chinese milk vetch with 100%, 80%, 60%, 40% chemical fertilizer) were set up. Soil bulk density, soil porosity, soil nutrients, rice yield and yield traits were studied. The results showed that compared with CK, the same amount of planting and incorporation of Chinese milk vetch and fertilizer reduction could significantly reduce soil bulk density and improve soil total porosity. The total porosity of soil could be significantly improved by applying chemical fertilizer and planting and incorporation of Chinese milk vetch. It could replace 20%-40% nitrogenous fertilizer by planting and incorporation of Chinese milk vetch. Compared with the single fertilizer application (100%F) and the combined fertilizer application with Chinese milk vetch (MV+100%F), planting and incorporation of Chinese milk vetch and fertilizer reduction 20%-60% could significantly reduce the available P content of the soil. Compared with CK, the content of available K in soil was significantly reduced by 5.5%-17.8% and the content of soil organic matter could be significantly increased by 15.0%-26.0%. Compared with CK, fertilization treatment could increase the yield by 30.0%-39.6%. The yield of rice was the highest by planting and incorporation of Chinese milk vetch and fertilizer reduction 20%. Compared with 100%F, the yield of rice increased by 2.7% to 7.1% under Chinese milk vetch with 80%, 60% chemical fertilizer. The main way to increase the yield is to increase the effective spike. Considering soil physical and chemical properties, rice yield and other factors of sustainable development of rice, the planting and incorporation of Chinese milk vetch in southern Henan rice area is 22500 kg/hm², the fertilizer reduction of 20%-40% could be promoted, and the best fertilizer reduction is 20%.

Key words: Chinese milk vetch, soil bulk density, soil porosity, soil nutrients, rice yield

CLC Number:

S511

Nie Liangpeng, Guo Liwei, Zheng Chunfeng, Lv Yuhu, Zhang Meng, Li Benyin, Pan Ziliang, Li Jie. Planting and Incorporation of Chinese Milk Vetch Coupled with Chemical Fertilizer Application: Effects on the Physical and Chemical Characters of Paddy Soil and Rice Yield[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(27): 65-69.

Figures/Tables 4

References 12

[13]	范倩玉, 李军辉, 李晋, 等. 不同作物秸秆还田对潮土结构的改良效果[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020, 34(4):230-236.
[14]	鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法[M]. 北京: 中国农业科技出版社, 2000.106-195.
[15]	刘吉宇. 秸秆还田方式及年限对土壤肥力及团聚体中有机质结构特征的影响[D]. 长春:吉林农业大学, 2018.12-13.
[16]	黄婷苗. 秸秆还田条件下冬小麦高产高效的氮素管理与调控[D]. 杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2014.16-18.
[17]	张雯, 侯立白, 张斌, 等. 辽西易旱区不同耕作方式对土壤物理性能的影响[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2006, 20(3):149-153.
[18]	王建红, 曹凯, 张贤, 等. 绿肥还田对水稻生长期土壤有机质动态变化的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2010,(3):614-616.
[19]	刘国顺, 罗贞宝, 王岩, 等. 绿肥翻压对烟田土壤理化性状及土壤微生物量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2006, 20(1):95-98.
[20]	Ning T Y, Han B, Jiao N Y, et al. Effects of conservation tillage on soil porosity in maize-wheat cropping system[J]. Plant Soil Environ, 2009, 55:327-333. doi: 10.17221/PSE URL
[21]	杨曾平, 徐明岗, 聂军, 等. 长期冬种绿肥对双季稻种植下红壤性水稻土质量的影响及其评价[J]. 水土保持学报, 2011, 25(3):92-98.
[22]	徐昌旭, 谢志坚, 曹卫东, 等. 翻压绿肥后不同施肥方法对水稻养分吸收及产量的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2011, 3:35-39.
[23]	刘春增, 李本银, 吕玉虎, 等. 紫云英还田对土壤肥力、水稻产量及其经济效益的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2011, 40(5):96-99.
[24]	王飞, 林诚, 林新坚, 等. 连续翻压紫云英对福建单季稻产量与化肥氮素吸收、分配及残留的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(4):899-904.
[25]	王建红, 曹凯, 张贤. 紫云英还田配施化肥对单季晚稻养分利用和产量的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2014, 51(4):888-896.
[26]	王建红, 曹凯, 张贤. 紫云英翻压量对单季晚稻养分吸收和产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(1):156-163.
[1]	万水霞, 唐杉, 蒋光月, 等. 紫云英与化肥配施对土壤微生物特征和作物产量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(6):109-117.
[2]	郑春风, 刘春增, 李本银, 等. 叶面喷硼对紫云英结实特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(11):192-199.
[3]	袁嫚嫚, 刘勤, 张少磊, 等. 太湖地区稻田绿肥固氮量及绿肥还田对水稻产量和稻田土壤氮素特征的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2011, 48(4):797-803.
[4]	曹卫东, 包兴国, 徐昌旭, 等. 中国绿肥科研60年回顾与未来展望[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(6):1444-1455.
[5]	林新坚, 曹卫东, 吴一群, 等. 紫云英研究进展[J]. 草业科学. 2011, 28(1):135-140.
[6]	吕玉虎, 郭晓彦, 李本银, 等. 翻压不同量紫云英配施减量化肥对土壤肥力和水稻产量的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2017(5):94-98.
[7]	王丹英, 彭建, 徐春梅, 等. 油菜作绿肥还田的培肥效应及对水稻生长的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2011, 26(1):85-91.
[8]	聂良鹏, 郭利伟, 牛海燕, 等. 轮耕对小麦-玉米两熟农田耕层构造及作物产量与品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2015, 41(3):468-478.
[9]	张海林, 秦耀东, 朱文珊. 耕作措施对土壤物理性状的影响[J]. 土壤, 2003(2):140-144.
[10]	刘春增, 刘小粉, 李本银, 等. 紫云英配施不同量化肥对土壤养分、团聚性及水稻产量的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2013, 44(2):409-413.
[11]	李双来, 陈云峰, 李四斌, 等. 水稻相同紫云英翻压量下化肥的合理用量试验[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2009, 48(7):1592-1593.
[12]	李继明, 黄庆海, 袁天佑, 等. 长期施用绿肥对红壤稻田水稻产量和土壤养分的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17(3):563-570.

处理	容重/(g/cm³)	土壤总孔隙度/%	土壤毛管孔隙度/%
CK	1.27b	51.41b	48.51c
100%F	1.32a	50.76b	48.31c
MV+100%F	1.30a	52.98b	49.65b
MV+80%F	1.17c	56.36a	51.39a
MV+60%F	1.19c	55.43a	51.25a
MV+40%F	1.19c	55.72a	51.16a

处理	容重/(g/cm³)	土壤总孔隙度/%	土壤毛管孔隙度/%
CK	1.27b	51.41b	48.51c
100%F	1.32a	50.76b	48.31c
MV+100%F	1.30a	52.98b	49.65b
MV+80%F	1.17c	56.36a	51.39a
MV+60%F	1.19c	55.43a	51.25a
MV+40%F	1.19c	55.72a	51.16a

处理	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	有机质/(g/kg)
CK	54.42d	6.13c	96.77a	24.39d
100%F	86.85c	11.84a	98.62a	26.48c
MV+100%F	96.64b	11.57a	91.42b	29.92a
MV+80%F	103.51a	9.65b	79.78c	30.73a
MV+60%F	95.78b	9.69b	79.66c	28.91b
MV+40%F	87.41c	9.43b	79.47c	28.06b

处理	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	有机质/(g/kg)
CK	54.42d	6.13c	96.77a	24.39d
100%F	86.85c	11.84a	98.62a	26.48c
MV+100%F	96.64b	11.57a	91.42b	29.92a
MV+80%F	103.51a	9.65b	79.78c	30.73a
MV+60%F	95.78b	9.69b	79.66c	28.91b
MV+40%F	87.41c	9.43b	79.47c	28.06b

处理	水稻产量/(kg/hm²)	相对于CK/%	相对于100%F/%
CK	7312.1d	—	-23.3
100%F	9532.8c	30.4	—
MV+100%F	9767.4b	33.6	2.5
MV+80%F	10207.2a	39.6	7.1
MV+60%F	9792.0b	33.9	2.7
MV+40%F	9503.1c	30.0	-0.3