Replacement Ratio of Chemical Fertilizer by Organic Fertilizer Under the Wheat-Maize Rotation in Lime Concretion Black Soil Area

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0585

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the effects of different ratios of chemical fertilizer replaced by organic fertilizer on the yields of wheat and maize and soil physical and chemical properties, and determine the rational application of organic fertilizer, this study was conducted under wheat-maize rotation in lime concretion black soil area. A located field experiment was carried out from 2012 to 2020 in Mengcheng County, Anhui Province, and the experiment consisted of no nitrogen (CK), conventional fertilization (F), 20% chemical fertilizer replaced by manure (F_0.8M_0.2), 40% chemical fertilizer replaced by manure (F_0.6M_0.4), 60% chemical fertilizer replaced by manure (F_0.4M_0.6), 80% chemical fertilizer replaced by manure (F_0.2M_0.8), and 100% chemical fertilizer replaced by manure (M). Each plot size was 30 m² and there were three replications. The results showed that the rational organic fertilizer replacement ratio was 20% for winter wheat and 40% for maize, under which the average yield of wheat and maize respectively increased by 1.8% and 0.2% compared to that of CK. With the increase of organic fertilizer replacement ratio, the yield decreased. Regression analysis showed that when the replacement ratio was 10.4% for wheat and 25.6% for maize respectively, the yield of both crops were the highest. With the increase of planting years, the yield of high replacement ratio treatments increased. Organic fertilizer increased soil pH and decreased soil bulk density, increased soil organic matter (OM) content and total nitrogen (TN) content. The content of OM and TN showed an increasing trend with the increase of the replacement ratio of organic fertilizer. The effect of organic fertilizer replacement on soil available phosphorous (P) and available potassium (K) contents was affected by the input amount of P and K, crop yield, and the availability of P and K in soil. The optimal ratio of organic fertilizer was 20% for wheat and 40% for maize under the wheat-maize rotation. When the replacement was higher than the optimal ratio, the yield decreased, and with the increase of the planting years, the residual superposition effect increased. Organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer could improve soil ecological environment, increase soil organic matter, total nitrogen content and soil fertility, and the effect is affected by many factors, such as the replacement ratio of organic fertilizer, the duration of experiment and so on. Only through continuous years of located field experiments, the optimum ratio of the chemical fertilizer replaced by organic fertilizer could be determined.

Key words: lime concretion black soil, wheat-maize rotation, crop yield, physical properties, chemical properties, soil fertility

CLC Number:

X171

WANG Wenjun, WANG Daozhong. Replacement Ratio of Chemical Fertilizer by Organic Fertilizer Under the Wheat-Maize Rotation in Lime Concretion Black Soil Area[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(15): 78-84.

Figures/Tables 7

References 21

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处理	小麦				玉米
处理	有机肥	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	有机肥	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
CK	0	0	112.5	90	0	0	90	90
F	0	210	112.5	90	0	168	90	90
F_0.8M_0.2	5000	168	90.0	79.7	4000	134.4	72	81.8
F_0.6M_0.4	10000	126	67.5	69.3	8000	100.8	54	73.6
F_0.4M_0.6	15000	84	45.0	59.0	12000	67.2	36	65.4
F_0.2M_0.8	20000	42	22.5	48.8	16000	33.6	18	57.2
M	25000	0	0	38.4	20000	0	0	49.0

处理	小麦				玉米
处理	有机肥	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	有机肥	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
CK	0	0	112.5	90	0	0	90	90
F	0	210	112.5	90	0	168	90	90
F_0.8M_0.2	5000	168	90.0	79.7	4000	134.4	72	81.8
F_0.6M_0.4	10000	126	67.5	69.3	8000	100.8	54	73.6
F_0.4M_0.6	15000	84	45.0	59.0	12000	67.2	36	65.4
F_0.2M_0.8	20000	42	22.5	48.8	16000	33.6	18	57.2
M	25000	0	0	38.4	20000	0	0	49.0

处理	有机质/(g/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)
CK	15.1 d	1.16 b	71.0 b	54.0 a	244.3 ab
F	19.3 c	1.31 a	104.0 a	44.3 c	213.0 b
F_0.8M_0.2	20.8 bc	1.33 a	93.8 a	43.4 c	238.7 ab
F_0.6M_0.4	21.2 bc	1.34 a	98.7 a	46.3 bc	255.7 ab
F_0.4M_0.6	23.6 ab	1.35 a	93.9 a	47.0 bc	283.0 ab
F_0.2M_0.8	24.2 a	1.37 a	97.9 a	47.7 bc	290.0 ab
M	25.2 a	1.40 a	99.3 a	49.6 ab	297.3 a

处理	有机质/(g/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)
CK	15.1 d	1.16 b	71.0 b	54.0 a	244.3 ab
F	19.3 c	1.31 a	104.0 a	44.3 c	213.0 b
F_0.8M_0.2	20.8 bc	1.33 a	93.8 a	43.4 c	238.7 ab
F_0.6M_0.4	21.2 bc	1.34 a	98.7 a	46.3 bc	255.7 ab
F_0.4M_0.6	23.6 ab	1.35 a	93.9 a	47.0 bc	283.0 ab
F_0.2M_0.8	24.2 a	1.37 a	97.9 a	47.7 bc	290.0 ab
M	25.2 a	1.40 a	99.3 a	49.6 ab	297.3 a