Effects of Irrigation Quota on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Maize Root Under Shallow-buried Drip Irrigation

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1077

Abstract

Abstract:

To study the effects of irrigation quota on the morphological and physiological characteristics of maize root under shallow-buried drip irrigation, field experiments were carried out by using ‘Nonghua 101’ as the experimental variety in 2017 and 2018. The irrigation quota of 1600 m³/hm² (W1), 2000 m³/hm² (W2) and 2400 m³/hm² (W3) were set under shallow-buried drip irrigation by taking 4000 m³/hm² irrigation quota of the traditional border irrigation as a control (CK). The results showed that there was no significant difference among the yield of W1, W2 and CK, and the yield of W3 was significantly higher than that of CK. The irrigation water use efficiency of each treatment was all significantly higher than that of CK. The root dry weight of each treatment under the shallow-buried drip irrigation in 0-20 cm soil layer were all significantly lower than that of CK in silking stage in 2017. The root dry weight of W1 was significantly lower than that of CK in 2018, while there was no significant difference among W2, W3 and CK. In the maturity stage in both 2017 and 2018, the root dry weight of W1 was significantly lower than that of CK, and the difference among W2, W3 and CK was not obvious. The root dry weight of W1 in 20-40 cm soil layer in silking stage and maturity stage were both lower than that of CK, and there was no significant difference among W3, W2 and CK. There was no significant difference among the root width between plants and rows of each treatment in 10 cm and 20 cm soil layer; the root width between rows of W1 and W2 were both significantly lower than that of CK in 30 cm soil layer, while W3 had no significant difference with CK, while the root width between plants of each treatment were all significantly lower than that of CK. In 10 cm soil layer, the root number of W3 was significantly higher than that of CK in silking stage, and there was no significant difference among W1, W2 and CK. In 20 cm soil layer, the root number per plant of W2 and W3 were significantly higher than that of CK, while W1 had no significant difference with CK. In 10 cm and 20 cm soil layer, the root number of W3 was significantly higher than that of CK in milk stage, and there was no significant difference among W1, W2 and CK. The root vitality of the treatments were all lower than that of CK, and the difference increased with the increase of irrigation quota while gradually decreased with the deepening of the soil layer. In 0-20 cm soil layer, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) of each treatment had no significant difference in both the silking stage and milk stage. The activities of SOD and POD of W1 in 20-40 cm soil layer were lower than those of CK in silking stage, while there was no significant difference among W2, W3 and CK. The activity of SOD of W1 was significantly lower than that of CK in milk stage, while there was no significant difference among W2, W3 and CK, and the activity of POD of W1 and W2 were significantly lower than that of CK, and W3 had no significant difference with that of CK. The content of MDA of W1 was significantly lower than that of CK in 0-20cm soil layer in milk stage, and there was no significant difference among W2, W3 and CK. The content of MDA in 20-40 cm soil layer had no obvious difference among the treatments in both the silking stage and milk stage. The shallow-buried drip irrigation can increase the proportion of root distribution in topsoil, and appropriate increasing irrigation quota is conducive to the improvement of root number and root enzyme activity, which can increase water and fertilizer utilization efficiency. This article can provide a basis for maize high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation under the shallow-buried drip irrigation.

Key words: maize, shallow-buried drip irrigation, irrigation quota, root characteristics, maize kernel yield

CLC Number:

S513

GUO Zihe, YANG Hengshan, ZHAO Peijun, ZHANG Yuqin, LIU Jing, BAO Eerdun, ZHANG Ruifu, LI Yuanyuan, LI Dandan, QIN Jiang. Effects of Irrigation Quota on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Maize Root Under Shallow-buried Drip Irrigation[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(18): 12-19.

Figures/Tables 8

References 20

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年份	5月	6月	7月	8月	9月	全年
2017年	37.4	73.0	106.5	162.4	14.1	437.5
2018年	34.0	66.4	96.9	147.7	14.6	397.9
历年平均	30.1	70.7	112.6	86.1	31.8	380.9

年份	5月	6月	7月	8月	9月	全年
2017年	37.4	73.0	106.5	162.4	14.1	437.5
2018年	34.0	66.4	96.9	147.7	14.6	397.9
历年平均	30.1	70.7	112.6	86.1	31.8	380.9

处理	播种—出苗		拔节期—大喇叭口		抽雄—吐丝		吐丝—灌浆		灌浆—成熟
处理	生育阶段灌水量/(m³/hm²)	灌溉频次/次	生育阶段灌水量/(m³/hm²)	灌溉频次/次	生育阶段灌水量/(m³/hm²)	灌溉频次/次	生育阶段灌水量/(m³/hm²)	灌溉频次/次	生育阶段灌水量/(m³/hm²)	灌溉频次/次
W1	550	1	490	2	200	1	300	2	60	1
W2	550	1	670	2	270	1	430	2	80	1
W3	550	1	850	2	350	1	550	2	100	1
CK	1000	1	1000	1	1000	1	1000	1	-	-

处理	播种—出苗		拔节期—大喇叭口		抽雄—吐丝		吐丝—灌浆		灌浆—成熟
处理	生育阶段灌水量/(m³/hm²)	灌溉频次/次	生育阶段灌水量/(m³/hm²)	灌溉频次/次	生育阶段灌水量/(m³/hm²)	灌溉频次/次	生育阶段灌水量/(m³/hm²)	灌溉频次/次	生育阶段灌水量/(m³/hm²)	灌溉频次/次
W1	550	1	490	2	200	1	300	2	60	1
W2	550	1	670	2	270	1	430	2	80	1
W3	550	1	850	2	350	1	550	2	100	1
CK	1000	1	1000	1	1000	1	1000	1	-	-

年份	灌溉定额	有效穗数/穗	穗粒数/粒	千粒重/g	实测产量/(t/hm²)	灌溉水利用效率/(kg/m³)
2017	W1	6.79±0.21a	512.32±15.76a	321.16±11.36b	10.78±0.36c	7.49±0.59a
	W2	6.93±0.35a	506.81±21.33a	344.33±17.18ab	11.79±0.27b	6.55±0.46ab
	W3	6.89±0.16a	529.19±18.76a	351.27±12.62a	12.66±0.41a	5.86±0.31b
	CK	6.53±0.27a	526.83±36.33a	347.86±13.53a	11.29±0.33bc	3.14±0.17c
2018	W1	6.96±0.31a	498.68±12.10b	338.13±17.29b	11.13±0.34c	7.73±0.43a
	W2	6.81±0.18a	516.96±23.41ab	361.66±13.31ab	11.93±0.51bc	6.63±0.36b
	W3	6.86±0.26a	528.68±12.10a	378.13±11.28a	12.81±0.34a	5.93±0.22b
	CK	6.61±0.15a	512.96±13.41ab	362.66±18.39ab	12.03±0.41b	3.34±0.28c