Abstract:

Using winter wheat test observation data and synchronous meteorological observation data from 1981 to 2019 at the Xifeng Agricultural Meteorological Experiment Station in Gansu Province, the 39-year trend of climate warming and wetting and its impact on winter wheat production in eastern Gansu (Longdong) were analyzed. The results showed that the annual mean temperature in Longdong from 1981 to 2019 continued to rise at a trend of 0.0644°C/a, with the most pronounced temperature increase in spring, followed by that in winter. Since 1995, the annual mean temperature and annual precipitation in Longdong showed significant increase trend, with obvious warming and wetting characteristics. The warming and wetting had a relatively significant impact on winter wheat production in Longdong: (1) the sowing stage was delayed, the maturity stage was earlier, the full growth period and the overwintering period were shortened, but the number of growing days of the growing season was not significantly shortened; (2) the vegetative growth stage was significantly shortened and the reproductive growth stage was significantly prolonged, which was very conducive to yield formation; (3) water utilization, yield, thousand-grain weight, seed number, dry matter weight of main developmental stages and other yield components tended to increase significantly, and the rate of infertile spikelet and the overwintering mortality decreased significantly; especially since 1995, the trend of climatic yield increase was obvious; (4) the warming and wetting of the climate effectively reduced drought and late frost hazards, allowing the northern expansion of winter wheat planting boundaries and the increase of high-yield and climate suitable varieties.

Key words: climate, warming and wetting, eastern Gansu Province, winter wheat, impact