Effects on Yield and Quality of Potato and Soil Nutrients: Iron and Zinc Fertilizers

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0012

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the combined application amount of micro-fertilizer for high-quality and high-yield potato in the arid agricultural area of Longzhong, the effects of iron and zinc fertilizer on potato yield, quality and soil nutrient were studied. The two-factor random block design was adopted, with zinc and iron fertilizer as the test factors, and three fertilization levels were set for zinc and iron fertilizer, namely: zinc fertilizer (0, 20, 40 kg/hm²) and iron fertilizer (0, 10, 20 kg/hm²), a total of 9 treatments. The results showed that single application of iron and zinc fertilizer and their interaction had significant effects on potato yield, quality and soil available zinc and iron content (P<0.05). Among them, the yields of Fe2Zn0 and Fe0Zn2 increased by 15.0% and 19.5% compared with Fe0Zn0, and the yield of Fe2Zn2 increased by 21.5% compared with Fe0Zn0. Fe2Zn0 increased the iron content by 12.4% compared with Fe0Zn0, and the zinc and iron content of Fe0Zn2 increased by 10.8% and 9.8% compared with Fe0Zn0. The yield, starch, iron and zinc content of Fe2Zn2 were significantly increased by 21.5%, 3.4%, 17.3% and 13.6% compared with Fe0Zn0, respectively. In the 0-10 and 10-30 cm soil layers, the available iron content of Fe2Zn0 was significantly increased by 15.0% and 4.0% compared with Fe0Zn0, the available zinc content of Fe2Zn2 was significantly increased by 104.2% and 42.9% compared with Fe0Zn0. Considering comprehensively, under the conditions of this experiment, the single application rates of iron and zinc micro-fertilizer were 20 kg/hm² and 40 kg/hm², respectively, and the combined application rate of iron fertilizer was 20 kg/hm² and zinc fertilizer 40 kg/hm² had the best effect, which was conducive to improving potato quality and increasing yield.

Key words: potato, iron and zinc fertilizer, yield, quality, soil nutrient

YUAN Hui, HUI Lingling, XIE Junhong, ZHOU Yongjie, XIE Lihua. Effects on Yield and Quality of Potato and Soil Nutrients: Iron and Zinc Fertilizers[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(12): 15-21.

Figures/Tables 5

References 31

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处理		单株产量/kg	单株结薯数/(个/株)	单薯重(kg)	大薯率	中薯率	小薯率
Fe0	Zn0	0.47±0.02c	6.23±0.32a	0.08±0.01b	23.73±0.08c	31.23±0.17ab	45.04±0.09a
	Zn1	0.51±0.05bc	6.17±1.04a	0.08±0.02ab	42.55±0.04ab	30.33±0.09ab	27.12±0.06bc
	Zn2	0.58±0.02a	6.4±1.65a	0.09±0.02ab	43.86±0.04ab	31.79±0.06ab	24.35±0.09bc
Fe1	Zn0	0.55±0.04ab	6.10±0.40a	0.09±0.01ab	40.78±0.05ab	40.08±0.04a	19.14±0.01c
	Zn1	0.61±0.03a	5.37±1.23a	0.12±0.03a	37.07±0.03b	29.57±0.03ab	33.36±0.05b
	Zn2	0.62±0.06a	6.3±1.49a	0.1±0.02ab	49.32±0.04a	20.6±0.05b	30.08±0.08bc
Fe2	Zn0	0.61±0.05a	6.63±0.21a	0.09±0.01ab	40.22±0.04ab	30.51±0.08ab	29.27±0.06bc
	Zn1	0.62±0.02a	6.17±1.46a	0.1±0.03ab	39.78±0.07ab	28.51±0.09ab	31.71±0.05bc
	Zn2	0.61±0.02a	6.9±0.72a	0.09±0.01ab	38.04±0.06b	33.01±0.03ab	29.94±0.07bc
Fe		*	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Zn		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Fe×Zn		ns	ns	ns	*	ns	*

处理		单株产量/kg	单株结薯数/(个/株)	单薯重(kg)	大薯率	中薯率	小薯率
Fe0	Zn0	0.47±0.02c	6.23±0.32a	0.08±0.01b	23.73±0.08c	31.23±0.17ab	45.04±0.09a
	Zn1	0.51±0.05bc	6.17±1.04a	0.08±0.02ab	42.55±0.04ab	30.33±0.09ab	27.12±0.06bc
	Zn2	0.58±0.02a	6.4±1.65a	0.09±0.02ab	43.86±0.04ab	31.79±0.06ab	24.35±0.09bc
Fe1	Zn0	0.55±0.04ab	6.10±0.40a	0.09±0.01ab	40.78±0.05ab	40.08±0.04a	19.14±0.01c
	Zn1	0.61±0.03a	5.37±1.23a	0.12±0.03a	37.07±0.03b	29.57±0.03ab	33.36±0.05b
	Zn2	0.62±0.06a	6.3±1.49a	0.1±0.02ab	49.32±0.04a	20.6±0.05b	30.08±0.08bc
Fe2	Zn0	0.61±0.05a	6.63±0.21a	0.09±0.01ab	40.22±0.04ab	30.51±0.08ab	29.27±0.06bc
	Zn1	0.62±0.02a	6.17±1.46a	0.1±0.03ab	39.78±0.07ab	28.51±0.09ab	31.71±0.05bc
	Zn2	0.61±0.02a	6.9±0.72a	0.09±0.01ab	38.04±0.06b	33.01±0.03ab	29.94±0.07bc
Fe		*	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Zn		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Fe×Zn		ns	ns	ns	*	ns	*

处理		淀粉/%	蛋白质/(mg/g)	还原糖/(g/100g)	维生素C/(mg/100g)	锌含量/(mg/kg)	铁含量/(mg/kg)
Fe0	Zn0	18.44±0.42bc	1.81±0.47ab	0.24±0.08a	15.86±2.03ab	28.31±2.23c	16.91±0.98d
	Zn1	18.5±0.29b	2.02±0.46a	0.26±0.04a	13.67±1.04c	29.06±4.11bc	17.41±1.46cd
	Zn2	18.69±0.41ab	1.75±0.39ab	0.27±0.04a	15.65±1.49ab	31.36±2.23ab	18.57±1.62abc
Fe1	Zn0	18.08±0.49cd	1.72±0.34ab	0.28±0.06a	15.19±1.01b	29.29±2.08bc	17.7±0.98bcd
	Zn1	18.01±0.36d	1.63±0.25b	0.29±0.06a	15.4±0.82ab	28.86±2.27bc	17.98±1.66bcd
	Zn2	18.55±0.35b	1.82±0.34ab	0.24±0.04a	16.1±0.97ab	30.71±1.91abc	18.49±1.93abc
Fe2	Zn0	18.52±0.63b	1.73±0.29ab	0.25±0.05a	16.53±0.77a	30.44±2.62abc	19.01±1.18ab
	Zn1	18.68±0.38ab	1.66±0.25ab	0.27±0.04a	15.99±0.81ab	31.39±0.97ab	18.88±0.95ab
	Zn2	19.07±0.27a	1.62±0.23b	0.26±0.06a	16.09±1.21ab	32.16±2.4a	19.83±1.22a
Fe		ns	*	ns	*	ns	*
Zn		ns	*	ns	ns	*	ns
Fe×Zn		ns	*	ns	ns	ns	ns

处理		淀粉/%	蛋白质/(mg/g)	还原糖/(g/100g)	维生素C/(mg/100g)	锌含量/(mg/kg)	铁含量/(mg/kg)
Fe0	Zn0	18.44±0.42bc	1.81±0.47ab	0.24±0.08a	15.86±2.03ab	28.31±2.23c	16.91±0.98d
	Zn1	18.5±0.29b	2.02±0.46a	0.26±0.04a	13.67±1.04c	29.06±4.11bc	17.41±1.46cd
	Zn2	18.69±0.41ab	1.75±0.39ab	0.27±0.04a	15.65±1.49ab	31.36±2.23ab	18.57±1.62abc
Fe1	Zn0	18.08±0.49cd	1.72±0.34ab	0.28±0.06a	15.19±1.01b	29.29±2.08bc	17.7±0.98bcd
	Zn1	18.01±0.36d	1.63±0.25b	0.29±0.06a	15.4±0.82ab	28.86±2.27bc	17.98±1.66bcd
	Zn2	18.55±0.35b	1.82±0.34ab	0.24±0.04a	16.1±0.97ab	30.71±1.91abc	18.49±1.93abc
Fe2	Zn0	18.52±0.63b	1.73±0.29ab	0.25±0.05a	16.53±0.77a	30.44±2.62abc	19.01±1.18ab
	Zn1	18.68±0.38ab	1.66±0.25ab	0.27±0.04a	15.99±0.81ab	31.39±0.97ab	18.88±0.95ab
	Zn2	19.07±0.27a	1.62±0.23b	0.26±0.06a	16.09±1.21ab	32.16±2.4a	19.83±1.22a
Fe		ns	*	ns	*	ns	*
Zn		ns	*	ns	ns	*	ns
Fe×Zn		ns	*	ns	ns	ns	ns

土层深度/cm	处理		全磷/(g/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	有效铁/(g/kg)	有效锌/(g/kg)	pH
0~10 cm	Fe0	Zn0	1.77±0.04ab	0.79±0.03a	1.67±0.04c	0.24±0.03cd	7.96±0.11a
		Zn1	1.78±0.04a	0.73±0.05ab	1.52±0.11d	0.3±0.03c	8.03±0.28a
		Zn2	1.77±0.01ab	0.69±0.02bc	1.65±0.02c	0.41±0.01b	7.92±0.3a
	Fe1	Zn0	1.66±0.06c	0.65±0.05bc	1.92±0.03a	0.22±0.01d	7.93±0.31a
		Zn1	1.67±0.05c	0.66±0.04bc	1.84±0.02ab	0.25±0cd	8.02±0.24a
		Zn2	1.7±0.06bc	0.69±0.02bc	1.76±0.04bc	0.29±0.04cd	8.03±0.07a
	Fe2	Zn0	1.63±0c	0.68±0.11bc	1.92±0.05a	0.23±0.01d	8.31±0.09a
		Zn1	1.66±0.06c	0.72±0.01ab	1.73±0.11bc	0.42±0.08b	8.27±0.17a
		Zn2	1.63±0c	0.62±0.01c	1.85±0.12ab	0.49±0.04a	8±0.35a
	Fe		*	*	*	ns	ns
	Zn		ns	ns	ns	*	ns
	Fe×Zn		*	*	ns	*	ns
10~30 cm	Fe0	Zn0	1.8±0.07a	0.77±0.09a	1.74±0.01abc	0.35±0.03c	8.18±0.04ab
		Zn1	1.79±0.06ab	0.64±0.03b	1.74±0.07abc	0.46±0.01ab	8.36±0.02a
		Zn2	1.73±0.01abc	0.65±0.03b	1.66±0.03bc	0.47±0.03ab	8.3±0.24a
	Fe1	Zn0	1.71±0.07bc	0.67±0.02b	1.78±0.07ab	0.27±0.05d	8.02±0.13b
		Zn1	1.59±0.06e	0.69±0.1ab	1.61±0.05c	0.42±0.07b	8.2±0.04ab
		Zn2	1.73±0abc	0.69±0.06ab	1.7±0.03bc	0.44±0.02ab	8.27±0.11ab
	Fe2	Zn0	1.55±0.03e	0.66±0.02b	1.81±0.03a	0.29±0.01cd	8.23±0.16ab
		Zn1	1.68±0.06cd	0.61±0.02b	1.75±0.03abc	0.45±0.01ab	8.29±0.1a
		Zn2	1.61±0.01de	0.62±0.04b	1.72±0.09abc	0.5±0.04a	8.13±0.18ab
	Fe		*	*	ns	ns	ns
	Zn		ns	*	ns	*	ns
	Fe×Zn		*	ns	ns	*	ns