Abstract:

To evaluate the effects of mulberry sawdust substrate on the culture, amino acid composition and nutritional value of Auricularia cornea, four types of mulberry sawdust substrates were designed, with the original formula used as the control (CK) for production. The amino acid and nutritional composition of the fruiting bodies were determined, and comprehensive evaluation was conducted using principal component analysis (PCA), amino acid coefficient method, and others. As a result, one high-quality formula of mulberry branch (30%) substrate for Auricularia cornea production was obtained. The cumulative variance contribution of the first three principal components in PCA was 93.05%. The fungus contained 17 types of amino acids. The cultivation of fruiting bodies using mulberry sawdust substrates led to an increase in glutamic acid and aspartic acid content, while phenylalanine and histidine content decreased. The SIT values ranged from 41.55 to 47.19, exceeding the FAO/WHO model but falling below the complete egg model. The SRC value ranged from 67.65 to 78.54, with the CK being the lowest. In the CK, the first limiting amino acid was methionine + cysteine, followed by lysine. In the case of fruiting bodies cultivated with mulberry sawdust substrates, lysine was the first limiting amino acid, followed by isoleucine. In conclusion, the cultivation of Auricularia cornea using mulberry sawdust substitutes results in better flavor, nutritional value, and protein utilization efficiency.

Key words: Auricularia cornea, mulberry sawdust, principal component analysis, amino acid composition, nutritional evaluation