Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Dry Matter Accumulation and Transportation and Yield Formation of Continuous Cropping Sugar Beet Under Reduced Chemical Fertilizer Application

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0052

Abstract

Abstract:

To study the regulatory effects of bio-organic fertilizer on continuous cropping sugar beet under reduced chemical fertilizer and to screen out the best amount of bio organic fertilizer, conventional fertilization (900 kg/hm² chemical fertilizer) was used as the control (CK), five bio-organic fertilizer treatments were set up (BOF₁: 1500 kg/hm², BOF₂: 3000 kg/hm², BOF₃: 4500 kg/hm², BOF₄: 6000 kg/hm² and BOF₅: 7500 kg/hm²), and on the basis of reducing 300 kg/hm² chemical fertilizer, the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on the photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield and quality formation of continuous cropping sugar beet were studied. The results showed that bio-organic fertilizer could promote the photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation of continuous cropping sugar beet. Compared with the CK, the BOF₁ had no significant effects on photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation of sugar beet during the whole growth periods. Those of BOF₂ showed differently among different index and growth periods. While the effects of BOF₃, BOF₄ and BOF₅ all showed significantly except at seedling growth period. The net photosynthetic rate increased by 6.93%-15.23%, 11.50%-21.67% and 5.53%-16.23%, respectively; the intercellular CO₂ concentration increased by 10.14%-16.60%, 14.90%-23.06% and 9.90%-16.23%, respectively; the stomatal conductance increased by 15.35%-22.34%, 23.20%-34.94% and 14.61%-22.80%, respectively; the SPAD value increased by 12.93%-24.03%, 24.30%-30.94% and 12.85%-23.14%, respectively; and the total dry matter accumulation amount increased by 14.29%-25.09%, 23.95%-40.09% and 16.24%-27.10%, respectively. Only BOF₄ had positive effects on regulating dry matter distribution except at seedling stage. The distribution rate of leaf significantly decreased by 2.25%-10.19%, and the distribution rate of root significantly increased by 2.24%-7.58%. It could effectively promote the transfer of dry matter from ground to the root tubers of sugar beet. The yield of continuous cropping sugar beet increased first and then decreased with the increase of bio-organic fertilizer application amounts. Except treatment BOF₁, other biological organic fertilizer treatments all significantly increased the yield compared with CK. The yield of sugar beet in BOF₂, BOF₃, BOF₄ and BOF₅ increased by 5.69%, 11.82%, 22.29% and 11.95%, respectively. Only in BOF₃ and BOF₄, the sugar yield significantly increased by 8.82% and 17.39% compared with the CK. At the same time, through linear fitting, the maximum beet yield and sugar yield appeared around the application amount of 6000 kg/hm². Above all, on the basis of reducing chemical fertilizer for 300 kg/hm², the combination with biological organic fertilizer of 6000 kg/hm² can increase the yield and quality of continuous cropping sugar beet at the same time.

Key words: reduction of chemical fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer, continuous cropping sugar beet, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter, yield and quality

GUO Xiaoxia, TIAN Lu, JIAN Caiyuan, HUANG Chunyan, LI Zhi, ZHANG Peng, HAN Kang, LIANG Yahui, KONG Dejuan, SU Wenbin. Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Dry Matter Accumulation and Transportation and Yield Formation of Continuous Cropping Sugar Beet Under Reduced Chemical Fertilizer Application[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(22): 1-10.

Figures/Tables 7

References 39

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光合指标	处理	苗期	叶丛快速生长期	块根及糖分增长期	糖分积累期	收获期
净光合速率/[µmol/(m²·s)]	CK	12.44±0.5a	20.67±0.68d	21.43±0.47e	18.83±0.46d	12.79±0.32b
	BOF₁	12.36±0.58a	21.07±0.66cd	22.22±0.75de	19.42±0.68cd	13.07±0.44b
	BOF₂	12.7±0.45a	21.91±1.08bcd	22.59±0.64cd	20.55±0.9bc	13.29±0.51b
	BOF₃	12.98±0.42a	22.60±1.07abc	23.68±0.59bc	21.69±0.88b	13.67±0.5ab
	BOF₄	13.23±0.56a	24.29±1.28abc	25.63±0.63a	22.91±0.36a	14.26±0.71a
	BOF₅	13.13±0.42a	22.87±0.76ab	23.28±0.42bc	21.45±0.61b	13.49±0.35ab
胞间CO₂浓度/[µmol/(m²·s)]	CK	126.67±7.69a	221.37±9.75e	335.91±8.75d	273.01±5.7d	219.41±8.16d
	BOF₁	124.66±8.2a	231±5.63de	346.49±11.2cd	275.32±6.13d	224.42±4.96cd
	BOF₂	129.74±7.51a	241.43±7.74cd	356.13±7.87bc	287.59±7.01c	236.26±9.02bc
	BOF₃	134.3±9.7a	258.13±9.54ab	369.81±7.81b	300.7±6.56b	243.73±10.08ab
	BOF₄	136.47±4.78a	272.43±7.92a	385.97±7.65a	315.07±7.35a	257.38±8.94a
	BOF₅	135.53±9.56a	257.3±7.06b	366.27±6.6b	300.03±6.28bc	242.59±6.59b
蒸腾速率/[mmol/(m²·s)]	CK	3.84±0.31a	4.94±0.28d	6.54±0.28d	5.71±0.21d	4.33±0.26d
	BOF₁	4.02±0.77a	5.1±0.13cd	6.98±0.36cd	6.22±0.34cd	4.93±0.45cd
	BOF₂	4.07±0.22a	5.29±0.31bc	7.34±0.13c	6.72±0.24c	5.22±0.34bc
	BOF₃	4.16±0.5a	5.55±0.2ab	8.11±0.33b	7.35±0.37b	5.77±0.29ab
	BOF₄	4.33±0.47a	5.82±0.15a	8.79±0.11a	7.89±0.32a	6.17±0.5a
	BOF₅	4.19±0.57a	5.45±0.25abc	8.15±0.29b	7.32±0.21b	5.89±0.5ab
气孔导度/[mmol/(m²·s)]	CK	0.16±0.01b	0.47±0.01d	1.34±0.03e	0.99±0.02d	0.6±0.02c
	BOF₁	0.17±0.01ab	0.48±0.03cd	1.42±0.04de	1.04±0.04d	0.64±0.03c
	BOF₂	0.17±0.02ab	0.52±0.03c	1.47±0.04cd	1.13±0.03c	0.69±0.02b
	BOF₃	0.17±0.01ab	0.57±0.01b	1.55±0.01bc	1.19±0.04bc	0.73±0.04b
	BOF₄	0.18±0.01a	0.63±0.01a	1.66±0.1a	1.29±0.04a	0.81±0.04a
	BOF₅	0.17±0.01ab	0.58±0.02b	1.54±0bc	1.17±0.04bc	0.73±0.02b
SPAD值	CK	31.2±1.67a	35.57±1.35d	40.47±2.82c	34.43±1.67d	26.5±1.73d
	BOF₁	30.47±1.36a	37.23±1.82cd	41.77±1.97c	35.9±1.85cd	28.17±2.24c
	BOF₂	32.87±1.57a	40.3±2.5bc	43.17±0.85bc	38.17±2.5bc	30.6±1.18bc
	BOF₃	33.43±1.67a	42.63±1.56ab	45.7±0.82b	41.03±1.55bc	32.87±1.22ab
	BOF₄	34.07±1.69a	45.83±1.72a	50.3±1.9a	44.7±1.31a	34.7±1.85a
	BOF₅	33.6±1.85a	42.7±1.71ab	45.67±0.71b	40.3±1.91b	32.63±0.84ab

光合指标	处理	苗期	叶丛快速生长期	块根及糖分增长期	糖分积累期	收获期
净光合速率/[µmol/(m²·s)]	CK	12.44±0.5a	20.67±0.68d	21.43±0.47e	18.83±0.46d	12.79±0.32b
	BOF₁	12.36±0.58a	21.07±0.66cd	22.22±0.75de	19.42±0.68cd	13.07±0.44b
	BOF₂	12.7±0.45a	21.91±1.08bcd	22.59±0.64cd	20.55±0.9bc	13.29±0.51b
	BOF₃	12.98±0.42a	22.60±1.07abc	23.68±0.59bc	21.69±0.88b	13.67±0.5ab
	BOF₄	13.23±0.56a	24.29±1.28abc	25.63±0.63a	22.91±0.36a	14.26±0.71a
	BOF₅	13.13±0.42a	22.87±0.76ab	23.28±0.42bc	21.45±0.61b	13.49±0.35ab
胞间CO₂浓度/[µmol/(m²·s)]	CK	126.67±7.69a	221.37±9.75e	335.91±8.75d	273.01±5.7d	219.41±8.16d
	BOF₁	124.66±8.2a	231±5.63de	346.49±11.2cd	275.32±6.13d	224.42±4.96cd
	BOF₂	129.74±7.51a	241.43±7.74cd	356.13±7.87bc	287.59±7.01c	236.26±9.02bc
	BOF₃	134.3±9.7a	258.13±9.54ab	369.81±7.81b	300.7±6.56b	243.73±10.08ab
	BOF₄	136.47±4.78a	272.43±7.92a	385.97±7.65a	315.07±7.35a	257.38±8.94a
	BOF₅	135.53±9.56a	257.3±7.06b	366.27±6.6b	300.03±6.28bc	242.59±6.59b
蒸腾速率/[mmol/(m²·s)]	CK	3.84±0.31a	4.94±0.28d	6.54±0.28d	5.71±0.21d	4.33±0.26d
	BOF₁	4.02±0.77a	5.1±0.13cd	6.98±0.36cd	6.22±0.34cd	4.93±0.45cd
	BOF₂	4.07±0.22a	5.29±0.31bc	7.34±0.13c	6.72±0.24c	5.22±0.34bc
	BOF₃	4.16±0.5a	5.55±0.2ab	8.11±0.33b	7.35±0.37b	5.77±0.29ab
	BOF₄	4.33±0.47a	5.82±0.15a	8.79±0.11a	7.89±0.32a	6.17±0.5a
	BOF₅	4.19±0.57a	5.45±0.25abc	8.15±0.29b	7.32±0.21b	5.89±0.5ab
气孔导度/[mmol/(m²·s)]	CK	0.16±0.01b	0.47±0.01d	1.34±0.03e	0.99±0.02d	0.6±0.02c
	BOF₁	0.17±0.01ab	0.48±0.03cd	1.42±0.04de	1.04±0.04d	0.64±0.03c
	BOF₂	0.17±0.02ab	0.52±0.03c	1.47±0.04cd	1.13±0.03c	0.69±0.02b
	BOF₃	0.17±0.01ab	0.57±0.01b	1.55±0.01bc	1.19±0.04bc	0.73±0.04b
	BOF₄	0.18±0.01a	0.63±0.01a	1.66±0.1a	1.29±0.04a	0.81±0.04a
	BOF₅	0.17±0.01ab	0.58±0.02b	1.54±0bc	1.17±0.04bc	0.73±0.02b
SPAD值	CK	31.2±1.67a	35.57±1.35d	40.47±2.82c	34.43±1.67d	26.5±1.73d
	BOF₁	30.47±1.36a	37.23±1.82cd	41.77±1.97c	35.9±1.85cd	28.17±2.24c
	BOF₂	32.87±1.57a	40.3±2.5bc	43.17±0.85bc	38.17±2.5bc	30.6±1.18bc
	BOF₃	33.43±1.67a	42.63±1.56ab	45.7±0.82b	41.03±1.55bc	32.87±1.22ab
	BOF₄	34.07±1.69a	45.83±1.72a	50.3±1.9a	44.7±1.31a	34.7±1.85a
	BOF₅	33.6±1.85a	42.7±1.71ab	45.67±0.71b	40.3±1.91b	32.63±0.84ab

处理	苗期	叶丛快速生长期	块根及糖分增长期	糖分积累期	收获期
CK	2.62±0.19a	37.44±2.68c	130.7±5.87d	133.49±4.5d	199.04±5.22d
BOF₁	2.68±0.21a	37.84±2.11c	135.45±4.31d	141.49±6.41d	208.45±7.51cd
BOF₂	2.77±0.18a	40.18±2.22bc	143.8±5.77c	155.36±8.94c	223.76±9.42bc
BOF₃	2.85±0.18a	42.79±1.51ab	151.12±4bc	166.99±8.04bc	231.84±13.86b
BOF₄	2.95±0.32a	46.41±1.48ab	163.42±4.13a	186.9±4.93a	257.36±9.07a
BOF₅	2.87±0.18a	43.52±2.02ab	152.39±1.89b	169.67±6.71b	234.13±12.59b

处理	苗期	叶丛快速生长期	块根及糖分增长期	糖分积累期	收获期
CK	2.62±0.19a	37.44±2.68c	130.7±5.87d	133.49±4.5d	199.04±5.22d
BOF₁	2.68±0.21a	37.84±2.11c	135.45±4.31d	141.49±6.41d	208.45±7.51cd
BOF₂	2.77±0.18a	40.18±2.22bc	143.8±5.77c	155.36±8.94c	223.76±9.42bc
BOF₃	2.85±0.18a	42.79±1.51ab	151.12±4bc	166.99±8.04bc	231.84±13.86b
BOF₄	2.95±0.32a	46.41±1.48ab	163.42±4.13a	186.9±4.93a	257.36±9.07a
BOF₅	2.87±0.18a	43.52±2.02ab	152.39±1.89b	169.67±6.71b	234.13±12.59b