Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer Combined with Chemical Fertilizer Reduction on Soil Nutrients and Tobacco Yield and Quality

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0597

Abstract

Abstract:

To reduce the excessive application of chemical fertilizers and improve the soil fertility and tobacco production efficiency in Yizhang County, Hunan Province, a field experiment using flue-cured tobacco variety ‘K326’ as material was conducted to study the effects of different proportions of bio-organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers reduction on soil nutrients and the yield and quality of tobacco. The results showed that the increasing appropriate proportion of bio-organic fertilizers combined with chemical fertilizers reduction could improve soil fertility and promote the growth of tobacco plants. And tobacco plants growth agronomic traits, sensory evaluation of smoking, yield, output value and the first-class proportion of tobacco leaves showed a trend of rising firstly and then falling with the increase of proportion of bio-organic fertilizers combined with chemical fertilizers reduction. Among them, the T₂ treatment with 20% reduction in chemical topdressing showed the best growth characteristics and leaf quality of tobacco plants. Compared with the control of conventional fertilization (CK), tobacco plant height, effective leaf number and maximum leaf area of T₂ treatment were increased by 8.24%-17.00%, 13.81%-23.22% and 12.63%-16.86%, respectively. The contents of total sugar and potassium in C3F tobacco leaves reached 26.51%-30.01% and 2.16%-2.86%, respectively. The C3F and B2F tobacco leaves sensory evaluation of smoking increased by 1.67%-2.98% and 3.12%-4.10%, respectively. The yield, first-class proportion and output value of tobacco leaves were increased by 3.76%-6.58%, 3.38%-3.79% and 8.24%-9.58%, respectively. The results provided a scientific reference for the application of bio-organic fertilizers combined with chemical fertilizers reduction in tobacco-growing areas of southern Hunan Province.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, bio-organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement, soil nutrients, yield and quality of tobacco leaf

ZENG Xiangnan, LI Si, YUAN Caiyun, YANG Zhujun, OU Yi, LIU Yongbin, PENG Bo, YU Yuguang, FAN Peng, LIN Wanhuang, WEI Jianyu. Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer Combined with Chemical Fertilizer Reduction on Soil Nutrients and Tobacco Yield and Quality[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(18): 66-72.

Figures/Tables 9

References 25

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试验地	土壤质地	pH	有机质/(g/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)
天塘	砂质黏壤土	7.68~7.86	53.59~71.68	213.88~256.92	28.29~41.71	226.54~385.49
笆篱	壤质黏土	7.69~7.91	42.77~67.31	212.38~270.54	38.45~52.58	184.42~369.30

试验地	土壤质地	pH	有机质/(g/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)
天塘	砂质黏壤土	7.68~7.86	53.59~71.68	213.88~256.92	28.29~41.71	226.54~385.49
笆篱	壤质黏土	7.69~7.91	42.77~67.31	212.38~270.54	38.45~52.58	184.42~369.30

处理	基肥					提苗肥	追肥	叶面微肥	硫酸钾	笆篱试验面积/m²	天塘试验面积/m²
处理	有机肥	腐熟农家肥	黄腐酸钾	复合菌剂	复合肥 (N:P₂O₅:K₂O =8:17:7)	复合肥 (N:P₂O₅=20:9)	复合肥 (N:K₂O =10:32)	P₂O₅+K₂O≥50%， B+Mo=0.2%~3%	K₂O≥50%	笆篱试验面积/m²	天塘试验面积/m²
CK	450	4500	0	0	750	120	1050	1.8	300	730	1000
T₁	1200	4500	120	15	750	120	945	1.8	300	330	660
T₂	1950	4500	195	15	750	120	840	1.8	300	1000	660
T₃	2700	4500	270	15	750	120	735	1.8	300	1000	600
T₄	1950	4500	0	15	750	120	840	1.8	300	3300	3400

处理	基肥					提苗肥	追肥	叶面微肥	硫酸钾	笆篱试验面积/m²	天塘试验面积/m²
处理	有机肥	腐熟农家肥	黄腐酸钾	复合菌剂	复合肥 (N:P₂O₅:K₂O =8:17:7)	复合肥 (N:P₂O₅=20:9)	复合肥 (N:K₂O =10:32)	P₂O₅+K₂O≥50%， B+Mo=0.2%~3%	K₂O≥50%	笆篱试验面积/m²	天塘试验面积/m²
CK	450	4500	0	0	750	120	1050	1.8	300	730	1000
T₁	1200	4500	120	15	750	120	945	1.8	300	330	660
T₂	1950	4500	195	15	750	120	840	1.8	300	1000	660
T₃	2700	4500	270	15	750	120	735	1.8	300	1000	600
T₄	1950	4500	0	15	750	120	840	1.8	300	3300	3400

采样时间	处理	pH	有机质/(g/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)
施肥前	CK	7.84±0.02cd	55.18±2.21e	216.93±3.05d	30.28±1.99ef	230.80±4.26e
	T₁	7.79±0.01d	54.25±0.66e	228.46±1.02c	41.18±0.53a	381.23±4.26a
	T₂	7.77±0.09d	58.64±1.46d	250.80±6.12b	38.88±0.33ab	364.69±2.13b
	T₃	7.81±0.01cd	58.99±1.60d	233.51±4.08c	35.50±1.13bc	265.40±2.13d
	T₄	7.80±0.03cd	71.40±0.28b	250.80±2.04b	37.80±0.13ab	290.97±4.25c
种植一季烤烟后	CK	7.95±0.02ab	54.21±1.51e	255.13±2.04ab	28.13±2.92ef	214.26±2.13f
	T₁	7.96±0.04ab	58.41±0.85d	262.34±10.19ab	27.10±0.13f	221.18±6.17ef
	T₂	8.02±0.01a	64.96±1.51c	263.78±6.12a	37.66±0.86ab	179.66±3.23h
	T₃	7.88±0.01bc	64.31±0.48c	257.29±1.02ab	31.84±0.06de	122.49±4.26i
	T₄	7.92±0.01b	74.41±1.12a	265.22±6.12a	33.81±3.78cd	199.21±6.39g