Effects of Nitrogen Phosphorus and Potassium Nutrient Management on Winter Wheat Grain Filling Characteristics and Yield under Straw Returning Conditions

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0817

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of crop straw returning and nutrient management on the grain filling characteristics and yield of winter wheat, using ‘JM22’ as the test variety, three experimental treatments were set up, T₁ was optimized nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient management, T₂ (CK)was traditional treatment, T₃ was crop straw returning nutrient alternative treatment. This study investigated the effects of different experimental treatments on the accumulation and transport of dry matter in winter wheat, grain-filling related parameters, grain yield and economic benefits. The results showed that compared with the control, the T₁ treatment significantly increased the allotment amount and contribution rate of dry matter in the grains after anthesis, increased by 43.46% and 20.88% respectively; it also improved the maximum grain filling rate (G_max) and average grain filling rate (G_mean), with an increase of 17.62% and 3.09% respectively; it also increased the number of grains per ear, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield, by 5.72%, 4.51%, and 12.15% respectively. It is recommended that in areas with similar natural environment and production conditions to this experiment, the optimization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient management is an effective way to take into account both yield and economic benefits.

Key words: winter wheat, straw returning, nutrient management, grain filling characteristics, grain yield, economic benefits

HAN Mingming, MU Qun, LI Wenqian, CHEN Jun, LV Lianjie, ZHANG Haijun, AN Xia, LI Xiaoyu, CHANG Zhenkai. Effects of Nitrogen Phosphorus and Potassium Nutrient Management on Winter Wheat Grain Filling Characteristics and Yield under Straw Returning Conditions[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(23): 1-6.

Figures/Tables 7

References 43

[1]	国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴[R]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2023.
[2]	WANG Y L, WU P N, MEI F J, et al. Does continuous straw returning keep China farmland soil organic carbon continued increase? A meta-analysis[J]. Journal of environmental management, 2021, 288:112391.
[3]	张叶叶, 莫非, 韩娟, 等. 秸秆还田下土壤有机质激发效应研究进展[J]. 土壤学报, 2021, 58(6):1381-1392.
[4]	ZHUANG M H, ZHANG J, KONG Z Y, et al. Potential environmental benefits of substituting nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer with usable crop straw in China during 2000-2017[J]. Journal of cleaner production, 2020, 267:122-125.
[5]	SUN R, ZHANG X, GUO X, et al. Bacterial diversity in soils subjected to long-term chemical fertilization can be more stably maintained with the addition of livestock manure than wheat straw[J]. Soil biology & biochemistry, 2015, 88:9-18.
[6]	袁嫚嫚, 邬刚, 胡润, 等. 秸秆还田配施化肥对稻油轮作土壤有机碳组分及产量影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(1):27-35.
[7]	李文倩, 张海军, 韩明明, 等. 秸秆还田条件下耕作措施与施氮量对冬小麦干物质积累转运及产量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(34):1-8. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0937
[8]	PATHAK H, SINGH R, BHATIA A, et al. Recycling of rice straw to improve wheat yield and soil fertility and reduce atmospheric pollution[J]. Paddy and water environment, 2006, 4(2):111-117.
[9]	GUPTA R K, LADHA J, SINGH J, et al. Yield and phosphorus transformations in a rice-wheat system with crop residue and phosphorus management[J]. Soil science society of America journal, 2007, 71(5):1500-1507.
[10]	汤文光, 肖小平, 唐海明, 等. 长期不同耕作与秸秆还田对土壤养分库容及重金属Cd的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(1):168-176.
[11]	张雅洁, 陈晨, 陈曦, 等. 小麦-水稻秸秆还田对土壤有机质组成及不同形态氮含量的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(11):2155-2161.
[12]	朱兴娟, 李桂花, 涂书新, 等. 秸秆和秸秆炭对黑土肥力及氮素矿化过程的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2018, 37(12):2785-2792.
[13]	王月宁, 冯朋博, 李荣, 等. 不同秸秆还田方式对宁夏扬黄灌区土壤性质及玉米生长的影响[J]. 西南农业学报, 2019, 32(11):2607-2614.
[14]	MARY B, RECOUS S, DARWIS D, et al. Interactions between decomposition of plant residues and nitrogen cycling in soil[J]. Plant and soil, 1996, 181(1):71-82.
[15]	ZHAO Y, ZHANG J B, CHRISTOPH M, et al. Temporal variations of crop residue effects on soil N transformation depend on soil properties as well as residue qualities[J]. Biology and fertility of soils, 2018, 54(5):659-669.
[16]	ZHANG L, WANG J, PANG H C, et al. Effects of pelletized straw on soil nutrient properties in relation to crop yield[J]. Soil use and management, 2018, 34(4):479-489.
[17]	POSTMA-BLAAUW M B, DE GEODE R G M, BLOEM J, et al. Soil biota community structure and abundance under agricultural intensification and extensification[J]. Ecology, 2010, 91(2):460-473.
[18]	赵颖, 周枫, 罗佳琳, 等. 稻秸还田下不同施肥管理措施对土壤养分、冬小麦产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 江苏农业学报, 2021, 37(5):1167-1174.
[19]	刘根红, 薛银鑫, 张倩, 等. 滴灌条件下不同耕深及秸秆还田量对玉米生长的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(1):8-17. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.01.02
[20]	程东娟, 周客, 王利书, 等. 秸秆施入深度对土壤水分运移和水吸力变化的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020, 34(1):116-120.
[21]	张愉飞, 隋跃宇, 陈一民, 等. 秸秆还田条件下不同施氮水平对玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 土壤与作物, 2021, 10(4):395-403.
[22]	崔俊讲, 周明先, 张红英, 等. 秸秆还田条件下不同氮肥用量对冬小麦产量及氮肥利用效率的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2020, 10(8):47-51,56. doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191100275
[23]	王子阳, 陈婉华, 袁伟, 等. 长期秸秆还田与耕作方式对水稻产量及品质的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2021, 27(3):17-20,29. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.03.004
[24]	周正萍, 田宝庚, 陈婉华, 等. 不同耕作方式与秸秆还田对土壤养分及小麦产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2021(3):78-83.
[25]	NTANOS D A, KOUTROUBAS S D. Dry matter and N accumulation and translocation for Indica and Japonica rice under Mediterranean conditions[J]. Field crops research, 2002, 74:93.
[26]	朱庆森, 曹显祖, 骆亦其. 水稻籽粒灌浆的生长分析[J]. 作物学报, 1988, 14(8):3.
[27]	刘庆芳, 李小康, 刘保华, 等. 冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性和旗叶光合特性对产量的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2022, 50(19):61-67.
[28]	王瑞霞, 张秀英, 伍玲, 等. 不同生态环境条件下小麦籽粒灌浆速率及千粒重QTL分析[J]. 作物学报, 2008(10):1750-1756. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2008.01750
[29]	MOTZO R, GIUNTA F, PRUNEDDU G. The response of rate and duration of grain filling to long-term selection for yield in Italian durum wheat[J]. Crop and pasture science, 2010, 61(2):162.
[30]	李世清, 邵明安, 李紫燕, 等. 小麦籽粒灌浆特征及影响因素的研究进展[J]. 西北植物学报, 2003(11):2030-2038.
[31]	郭艳艳, 段巍巍. 不同冬小麦品种籽粒胚乳增殖和灌浆对粒重的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2018, 38(1):84-89.
[32]	李紫燕, 李世清, 伍维模, 等. 氮肥对半湿润区不同基因型冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2006(1):75-79.
[33]	蔡庆生, 吴兆苏. 小麦籽粒生长各阶段干物质积累量与粒重的关系[J]. 南京农业大学学报, 1993(1):27-32.
[34]	党建友, 裴雪霞, 张定一, 等. 秸秆还田下施氮模式对冬小麦生长发育及肥料利用率的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2014, 34(11):1552-1558.
[35]	赵玉霞, 李娜, 周芳, 等. 氮硫配施对冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(5):1366-1372.
[36]	张学林, 周亚男, 李晓立, 等. 氮肥对室内和大田条件下作物秸秆分解和养分释放的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(10):1746-1760. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.10.008
[37]	XU J, HU N, ZHU L. Effect of amount of annual straw returning on soil nutrients and yield in winter wheat field[J]. Journal of triticeae crops, 2016, 36(2):215.
[38]	PITTELKOW C, LIANG X, LINQUIST B A, et al. Productivity limits and potentials of the principles of conservation agriculture[J]. Nature, 2015, 517:365.
[39]	黄容, 高明, 万毅林, 等. 秸秆还田与化肥减量配施对稻-菜轮作下土壤养分及酶活性的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2016, 37(11):4446-4456.
[40]	蔡洪梅, 吴宇, 于敏, 等. 长期秸秆全量还田对砂姜黑土区冬小麦幼苗生长质量的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2022, 42(10):1266-1272.
[41]	朱浩宇, 高明, 龙翼, 等. 化肥减量有机替代对紫色土旱坡地土壤氮磷养分及作物产量的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2020, 41(4):1921-1929.
[42]	杨艳华, 苏瑶, 何振超, 等. 还田秸秆碳在土壤中的转化分配及土壤有机碳库研究进展[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(2):668-676.
[43]	董印丽, 李振峰, 王若伦, 等. 华北地区小麦、玉米两季秸秆还田存在问题及对策研究[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2018(1):159-163.

处理	氮肥管理（纯氮）	磷肥管理(P₂O₅)	钾肥管理(K₂O)	玉米秸秆
氮磷钾优化处理(T₁)	基施40，拔节期追施80，抽穗期追施肥100	磷肥基施150，抽穗期追施60	钾肥基施75，抽穗期追施60	还田
传统处理(T₂)	基施15-15-15 (N-P₂O₅-K₂O)复合肥750 +拔节期追尿素300			不还田
秸秆还田处理(T₃)	基施15-15-15 (N-P₂O₅-K₂O)复合肥750 +拔节期追尿素300			还田

处理	氮肥管理（纯氮）	磷肥管理(P₂O₅)	钾肥管理(K₂O)	玉米秸秆
氮磷钾优化处理(T₁)	基施40，拔节期追施80，抽穗期追施肥100	磷肥基施150，抽穗期追施60	钾肥基施75，抽穗期追施60	还田
传统处理(T₂)	基施15-15-15 (N-P₂O₅-K₂O)复合肥750 +拔节期追尿素300			不还田
秸秆还田处理(T₃)	基施15-15-15 (N-P₂O₅-K₂O)复合肥750 +拔节期追尿素300			还田

处理	干物质积累量/(×10³ kg/hm²)					分配比例/%
处理	籽粒	茎+叶鞘	颖壳+穗轴	叶片	总计	籽粒	茎+叶鞘	颖壳+穗轴	叶片
T₁	9.77a	5.60a	2.92a	1.47a	19.76a	49.17ab	28.50a	14.87b	7.46b
T₂	8.23c	4.91b	2.80a	1.22b	17.16c	47.97b	28.63a	16.27a	7.13b
T₃	9.35b	5.36a	2.51a	1.53a	18.75b	50.14a	28.43a	13.31c	8.12a
F-Value	68.92^**	12.22^**	1.51	11.98^**	20.11^**	5.18^*	0.07	19.71^**	14.20^**

处理	干物质积累量/(×10³ kg/hm²)					分配比例/%
处理	籽粒	茎+叶鞘	颖壳+穗轴	叶片	总计	籽粒	茎+叶鞘	颖壳+穗轴	叶片
T₁	9.77a	5.60a	2.92a	1.47a	19.76a	49.17ab	28.50a	14.87b	7.46b
T₂	8.23c	4.91b	2.80a	1.22b	17.16c	47.97b	28.63a	16.27a	7.13b
T₃	9.35b	5.36a	2.51a	1.53a	18.75b	50.14a	28.43a	13.31c	8.12a
F-Value	68.92^**	12.22^**	1.51	11.98^**	20.11^**	5.18^*	0.07	19.71^**	14.20^**

处理	开花前营养器官贮藏的同化物		开花后同化干物质
处理	转运量/(×10³ kg/hm²)	对籽粒贡献率/%	籽粒中的分配量/(×10³ kg/hm² )	对籽粒贡献率/%
T₁	2.74b	27.99b	7.04a	72.01b
T₂	3.33a	40.43a	4.91b	59.57c
T₃	2.20c	23.56b	7.15a	76.44a
F-Value	18.88^**	34.89^**	28.11^**	34.89^**