Effects of Nitrogen Application on Chlorophyll Content, Agronomic Traits and Yield of Wheat

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0678

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the effects of nitrogen application rates on chlorophyll content, agronomic traits, and yield of wheat in the Yili River Valley region, and to further elucidate the relationship between agronomic traits and yield. Eight widely cultivated wheat varieties in the region were selected as experimental materials, and three nitrogen levels were established: N1 (180 kg/hm²), N2 (270 kg/hm²), and N3 (360 kg/hm²). Field trials and indoor seed inspection data were integrated with statistical methods, including correlation analysis and grey relational analysis, to examine the relationships among nitrogen application rates, agronomic traits, and yield. The results indicated that nitrogen application had the greatest effect on chlorophyll content during the late grain-filling stage. Within the range of 180-270 kg/hm² nitrogen application, agronomic traits such as plant height, spike number, spikelet number per spike, as well as yield, increased with nitrogen rate, except for grain weight per main spike and 1000-grain weight. Among all traits, spike number exhibited the strongest positive correlation with yield, whereas 1000-grain weight showed a negative but non-significant correlation. The order of grey correlation degree between agronomic traits and yield was main spike length (0.66) > spikelet number (0.62) > plant number (0.58) > aboveground biomass (0.57) = flag leaf SPAD value (0.57) > main spike grain weight (0.54) = plant height (0.54) > effective tiller number (0.52). The order of grey correlation degree between yield components and yield was spike number (0.74) > 1000-grain weight (0.56) > grain number per spike (0.47). Both correlation analysis and grey relational analysis consistently demonstrated that spike number was the most influential factor affecting yield. Under the N2 treatment, chlorophyll content, agronomic performance, and yield of wheat were collectively optimized.

Key words: wheat, nitrogen application rate, grain-filling stage, chlorophyll content, agronomic traits, yield

YANG Hui, ZHANG Zhihui, MA Lin, HUANG Qiannan, ZHANG Xuehui, DENSLEM·Turbison, SUN Na, ZOU Hui. Effects of Nitrogen Application on Chlorophyll Content, Agronomic Traits and Yield of Wheat[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(30): 1-7.

Figures/Tables 7

References 35

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时期	处理	最大值	最小值	极差	均值	标准差	变异系数/%
灌浆前期	N1	61.0	51.4	9.5	57.1 a	3.0	5.3
	N2	61.5	52.6	8.9	58.0 a	2.6	4.5
	N3	62.4	51.1	11.3	56.7 a	3.4	6.0
灌浆中期	N1	64.5	52.2	12.3	59.3 a	4.6	7.8
	N2	64.2	52.7	11.5	60.3 a	4.0	6.6
	N3	64.6	53.3	11.2	58.7 a	4.1	7.0
灌浆后期	N1	45.7	20.6	25.1	35.2 a	9.4	26.7
	N2	55.6	25.0	30.6	36.7 a	10.1	27.5
	N3	57.8	24.7	33.1	42.5 b	12.4	29.2

时期	处理	最大值	最小值	极差	均值	标准差	变异系数/%
灌浆前期	N1	61.0	51.4	9.5	57.1 a	3.0	5.3
	N2	61.5	52.6	8.9	58.0 a	2.6	4.5
	N3	62.4	51.1	11.3	56.7 a	3.4	6.0
灌浆中期	N1	64.5	52.2	12.3	59.3 a	4.6	7.8
	N2	64.2	52.7	11.5	60.3 a	4.0	6.6
	N3	64.6	53.3	11.2	58.7 a	4.1	7.0
灌浆后期	N1	45.7	20.6	25.1	35.2 a	9.4	26.7
	N2	55.6	25.0	30.6	36.7 a	10.1	27.5
	N3	57.8	24.7	33.1	42.5 b	12.4	29.2

处理	株高/cm	有效分蘖数/个	株数/(×10⁴/hm²)	主穗长/cm	小穗数/个	主穗粒重/g	地上部生物量/(t/hm²)
N1	84.2±0.4a	3.3±0.3b	148.7±5.7a	9.5±0.1a	20.6±0.4a	3.0±0.2a	23.6±0.4a
N2	84.4±0.2a	3.5±0.1a	161.4±8.5a	9.6±0.1a	20.9±0.1a	2.9±0.1a	24.2±0.5a
N3	83.3±0.4b	3.8±0.1a	156.8±4.9a	9.3±0.3a	19.7±0.2b	3.0±0.1a	24.5±2.3a

处理	株高/cm	有效分蘖数/个	株数/(×10⁴/hm²)	主穗长/cm	小穗数/个	主穗粒重/g	地上部生物量/(t/hm²)
N1	84.2±0.4a	3.3±0.3b	148.7±5.7a	9.5±0.1a	20.6±0.4a	3.0±0.2a	23.6±0.4a
N2	84.4±0.2a	3.5±0.1a	161.4±8.5a	9.6±0.1a	20.9±0.1a	2.9±0.1a	24.2±0.5a
N3	83.3±0.4b	3.8±0.1a	156.8±4.9a	9.3±0.3a	19.7±0.2b	3.0±0.1a	24.5±2.3a

处理	穗数/(×10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数/粒	千粒重/g	产量/(t/hm²)
N1	519.2±10.5b	55.5±2.8a	45.8±1.8a	7.9±0.1b
N2	541.7±4.4a	56.3±0.5a	45.1±0.3a	8.5±0.1a
N3	528.3±5.2ab	52.9±3.0a	46.5±1.7a	8.0±0.2b