Current issue

• 2025 Vol.41 No.30 Published:25 October 2025

  Effects of Nitrogen Application on Chlorophyll Content, Agronomic Traits and Yield of Wheat YANG Hui, ZHANG Zhihui, MA Lin, HUANG Qiannan, ZHANG Xuehui, DENSLEM·Turbison, SUN Na, ZOU Hui 2025, 41 (30):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0678 Abstract + ( 19 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1371KB )   ( 26 ) This study aimed to investigate the effects of nitrogen application rates on chlorophyll content, agronomic traits, and yield of wheat in the Yili River Valley region, and to further elucidate the relationship between agronomic traits and yield. Eight widely cultivated wheat varieties in the region were selected as experimental materials, and three nitrogen levels were established: N1 (180 kg/hm2), N2 (270 kg/hm2), and N3 (360 kg/hm2). Field trials and indoor seed inspection data were integrated with statistical methods, including correlation analysis and grey relational analysis, to examine the relationships among nitrogen application rates, agronomic traits, and yield. The results indicated that nitrogen application had the greatest effect on chlorophyll content during the late grain-filling stage. Within the range of 180-270 kg/hm2 nitrogen application, agronomic traits such as plant height, spike number, spikelet number per spike, as well as yield, increased with nitrogen rate, except for grain weight per main spike and 1000-grain weight. Among all traits, spike number exhibited the strongest positive correlation with yield, whereas 1000-grain weight showed a negative but non-significant correlation. The order of grey correlation degree between agronomic traits and yield was main spike length (0.66) > spikelet number (0.62) > plant number (0.58) > aboveground biomass (0.57) = flag leaf SPAD value (0.57) > main spike grain weight (0.54) = plant height (0.54) > effective tiller number (0.52). The order of grey correlation degree between yield components and yield was spike number (0.74) > 1000-grain weight (0.56) > grain number per spike (0.47). Both correlation analysis and grey relational analysis consistently demonstrated that spike number was the most influential factor affecting yield. Under the N2 treatment, chlorophyll content, agronomic performance, and yield of wheat were collectively optimized.

  Screening of Salt-Alkali-Tolerant Bacterial Strains and Evaluation of Their Growth-Promoting Effects on Maize Seedlings WANG Nana, HE Zongjun, DONG Yuchen, LU Yao, LU Laifeng, ZHAO Linna, SHEN Xiaomei 2025, 41 (30):  8-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0127 Abstract + ( 16 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1467KB )   ( 7 ) Soil salinization is a global ecological problem restricting agricultural production, and its bioremediation technology has attracted much attention. In this study, salt-tolerant strains were isolated from saline-alkaline soil in Tianjin, and the salt-promoting ability of the strains on maize seedlings was assessed by NaCl medium screening, 16S rRNA gene identification, and sand culture test. Three salt-promoting strains (WQ-08, WQ-26, and BH-39) were isolated and identified as Bacillus subtilis, Priestia megaterium, and B. pumilus, respectively. Under 100 mmol/L NaCl salt stress, when strains WQ-08, WQ-26 and BH-39 were respectively added for co-cultivation with maize seedlings, the growth inhibition of maize seedling MC812 was significantly alleviated: the plant height, stem-leaf dry weight and root dry weight in the WQ-08 treatment group increased significantly by 33.32%, 37.04% and 36.84% respectively compared with other treatments, while the root length, stem-leaf fresh weight and root fresh weight in the BH-39 treatment group increased significantly by 27.33%, 29.35% and 30.55% respectively compared with other treatments. Physiological indexes showed that the antioxidant enzyme activity of maize seedlings in each treatment group decreased significantly. In the strains WQ-08, WQ-26, and BH-39 treatment groups, the SOD activity of maize seedlings decreased by 9.77%, 5.60% and 7.71%, the POD activity by 20.44%, 22.24% and 25.27%, and the CAT activity by 34.46%, 31.27% and 23.28% (P<0.05). The study demonstrated that the three strains possessed both salt tolerance and growth-promoting abilities, which effectively alleviated the salt stress damage to maize seedlings and provided potential microbial resources for crop improvement in saline and alkaline areas.

  Demonstration and Research of Soybean Varieties in Anhui Province in 2023 ZHAO Zhenbang, YIN Maozhu, ZHANG Yanan, WANG Yueying 2025, 41 (30):  18-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0582 Abstract + ( 13 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1333KB )   ( 15 ) The study aims to promote agricultural science and technology innovation, improve soybean yield and quality, and promote sustainable agricultural development. In recent years, with the soybean varieties validated in Anhui Province and south Huanghuai area as the material, the growth of different varieties was measured by the method of field survey and statistics. By analyzing climatic conditions, field performance, seed traits, equivalent yield of different varieties and correlation analysis of the main traits and other results, it found that the 'Yongmindou 5' yield ranked first in the group I of demonstration varieties. The variety has high yield potential, moderate fertility, moderate plant height, and lodging resistance, suitable for machine harvesting, more effective pods, moderate seed size, good luster, and excellent overall performance. The yield of 'Wandou 42' ranked first in group II of the demonstration varieties, with high yield potential, long fertility, moderate plant height, more effective branches, more effective pods, good seed luster, and excellent overall performance. The yield of 'Yongdou 1' ranked first in group Ⅲ of the demonstration varieties, which has high yield potential, moderate fertility, moderate plant height, lodging resistance, suitable for machine harvesting, more effective branches, large seeds, good luster, and excellent overall performance. Through the soybean demonstration trials, the soybean varieties with high yield, high quality and strong resistance were screened out, which was helpful to improve the yield and total yield of soybean and promote the close integration of scientific research and production.

  New Mung Bean Varieties (lines) in Henan Province: Comparison and Analysis of Combined Identification Test WANG Wenwen, QIN Chong, MENG Qingle, GUO Haibin, XUE Zhiwei 2025, 41 (30):  28-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0006 Abstract + ( 10 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1038KB )   ( 8 ) Aiming at the problems of slow variety renewal and insufficient yield stability in the main producing areas of mung bean in Henan Province, this study was conducted through multi-point joint identification of Zhengzhou, Nanyang, Luoyang and Anyang to screen out the high and stable yield mung bean varieties suitable for planting in Henan Province, and to provide theoretical reference for breeding improvement and market promotion. The new mung bean lines in the joint identification test of new mung bean varieties in Henan Province from 2019 to 2020 were used as test materials, and the field performance, yield results and agronomic traits in test sites were compared by statistical analysis. The average yields of 'Zhenglyu 19', 'Zhenglyu 20', 'Anhuang mung bean 2' and 'Wanlyu 7' in two years were 1936.80 kg/hm2, 2219.03 kg/hm2, 2009.40 kg/hm2, 1971.38 kg/hm2, respectively. Compared with the control variety 'Zhenglyu 8', the yield was increased by 3.18%, 18.21%, 7.04% and 5.02%, respectively. The average yield of 'Wanheilyu 1' and 'Wanlyu F9' was 1661.70 kg/hm2 and 1503.68 kg/hm2, respectively, which was 11.48% and 19.90% lower than that of ' Zhenglyu 8'. The coefficient of variation of pod number per plant was the largest in the agronomic traits of the tested mung bean lines, which was 20.43%. The variation coefficient of growth period was the smallest, only 3.77%. The results of correlation analysis showed that the yield was significantly positively correlated with the number of pods per plant, significantly negatively correlated with the growth period and the number of nodes on the main stem. The number of pods per plant was significantly positively correlated with the main stem branch, and significantly negatively correlated with the growth period. Plant height was significantly positively correlated with the number of main stem nodes and significantly negatively correlated with pod length. In summary, the four mung bean lines such as 'Zhenglyu 19' in this study were relatively stable in Henan Province, and had certain promotion value and application value, which provided a theoretical basis for the breeding of new mung bean varieties and the utilization of germplasm resources.

  Study on Regulation of Emergence Water of ‘Dry Sowing and Wet Emergence’ in Cotton Field of Southern Xinjiang Based on Different Soil Water Content in Sandy Soil LUO Dan, YANG Jian, MA Hui, ABUDUAINI Abuduweili, ZHOU Lun, TANG Qiuxiang, OU Huan, LI Xingxing, AIMAIERJIANG Abulitifu, LI Jinhong, FU Yongqiang, AZIGULI Abulizi 2025, 41 (30):  34-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0519 Abstract + ( 14 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1466KB )   ( 13 ) Quantitative analysis of the regulation mechanism of drip frequency of emergence water on cotton seedling growth under different water content conditions in the ‘dry sowing and wet emergence’ model of sandy soil in southern Xinjiang was conducted, screening the optimal frequency suitable for sandy soil, and providing theoretical support for the optimization of cotton water-saving irrigation system in arid areas. ‘J8031’ was used as the test variety, and three soil relative water contents (W1: 10%-15%; W2: 15%-20%; W3: 20%-25%) and three drip frequency of emergence water (F1: 1 time; F2: 2 times; F3: 3 times) were set to explore its effects on soil physical properties, physiological and ecological indexes and root development of cotton seedlings. The results showed that soil water content, drip frequency and their interaction had significant effects on soil physical and chemical properties, plant growth and root development of cotton seedlings. With the increase of drip frequency, the soil compaction decreased significantly, while the soil EC value of each soil layer showed the opposite trend. In terms of seedling growth, the comprehensive performance of F1 treatment was the best under each water content condition, the seedling emergence rate was 85%-95%, the plant height was 24.94 cm in W2F1 combination, the stem diameter was 3.16 mm in W1F1 combination, and the dry matter accumulation was significantly higher than that of F2 and F3 treatments. In terms of root development, root weight, root mass density, root length density and other indicators were also the highest in F1 treatment. At the same time, the number of root tips in deep soil was more. The comprehensive fuzzy evaluation showed that the fuzzy comprehensive index of F1 treatment was the largest among the 10 indexes, which was the optimal drip management strategy to promote the emergence, strong seedling and root healthy development of cotton under different soil water contents. Under the condition of sandy soil in southern Xinjiang, the application of one-time seedling water in ‘dry sowing and wet emergence’ cotton field can effectively promote the emergence of cotton seedlings and is conducive to the growth and development of seedling stage.

  Influences of Plant Growth Regulators on Fruit Quality of ‘Summer Black’ Grape Under Labor-Saving Pruning of New Shoots TANG Zhongjian, ZHANG Jinzhi, WANG Xiaomei, JIANG Zheng, DAI Zhixin, WANG Xiaoping, TAN Yupeng, FAN Wenjuan, ZHANG Lianjie 2025, 41 (30):  46-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0206 Abstract + ( 19 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1114KB )   ( 6 ) To study the changes in fruit quality of ‘Summer Black’ grapes under the treatments of labor-saving pruning of new shoots and commonly used plant growth regulators, the experiment involved dipping the ‘Summer Black’ grape clusters in 9 reagents, including 4 plant growth regulators (PGR) of gibberellin (GA3), forchlorfenuron (CPPU), thidiazuron (TDZ), streptomycin (SM) and their combinations in different proportions after pruning with labor-saving pruning techniques. The appearance quality indexes of grape berries during the maturing and harvesting period (including single-berry weight, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, and fruit shape index) were detected and analyzed. At the same time, the internal physicochemical properties of the fruits were measured, with a focus on evaluating core indicators such as soluble solids and titratable acid content, and calculating the solid-acid ratio. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the fruit quality of ‘Summer Black’ grapes. The results showed that the PGR ratio was 25 mg/L GA3+ 2.5 mg/L TDZ+ 100 mg/L SM, the key quality aspects such as fruit size and sweetness were outstanding. Secondly, the PGR combination with a ratio of 25 mg/L GA3+ 5 mg/L CPPU+ 2.5 mg/L TDZ+ 200 mg/L SM also had a significant effect on improving fruit quality. These two treatment ratio combinations have great promotion value in practical production and are expected to help improve the overall quality and economic benefits of ‘Summer Black’ grapes.

  Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Bacteria in Tomato Seeds and Their Effect for Seed Germination GAO Huan, CHENG Wenli, WANG Yiru, WANG Haoyang, CHEN Dongbo, WANG Yang 2025, 41 (30):  52-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0606 Abstract + ( 11 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1999KB )   ( 8 ) Isolation and identification of functional endophytic bacterial strains from tomato seeds to establish a foundation for developing high-efficiency microbial fertilizers. Tomato seeds were used as the experimental material in this study. Endophytic bacteria were isolated and purified from the seeds using the dilution spread plate method. The phylogenetic analysis of strains was done by partial 16S rRNA gene sequences. The promotion characteristics of the strains were assessed via CAS plate assays, inorganic phosphate plate assays, and the Salkowski colorimetric method. Additionally, a seed germination assay was conducted to evaluate the effects of indole acetic acid (IAA)-producing bacterial strains on tomato seed germination. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that nine isolated endophytic bacterial strains from tomato seeds belong to two genera: Enterobacter and Bacillus. The plant growth-promoting trait assays revealed that four strains possessed siderophore-producing ability, and three strains exhibited IAA production ability, among which strains B2 and B4 demonstrated higher IAA yields of 88.30 μg/mL and 69.31 μg/mL, respectively. Notably, both strains also exhibited the ability to dissolve inorganic phosphorus. Germination assays further confirmed that the fermented broth of strain B4 significantly promoted tomato seed germination. This study enriches the tomato endophytic bacterial resource library, and the screened B4 strain demonstrates potential as a plant growth-promoting resource for developing multi-functional microbial fertilizers.

  Screening and Comprehensive Evaluation of Fusarium Wilt-Resistant Melon Grafting Rootstocks WANG Manman, FENG Lulu, ZHANG Huimin, YAN Honglang, WANG Kang 2025, 41 (30):  60-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0281 Abstract + ( 11 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1448KB )   ( 14 ) The paper aims to investigate the effects of fusarium wilt-resistant rootstocks on the comprehensive traits of melons and to screen for rootstock varieties with high graft compatibility, strong disease resistance, and excellent quality. In this study, the melon scion cultivar ‘Tongtianmi No.1’ was selected as test material, and grafted onto 35 rootstock genotypes. Comparative evaluations were conducted between own-root seedlings and grafted combinations for fusarium wilt resistance, alongside physiological assessments at both seedling and fruit maturation stages. Rootstock screening and comprehensive evaluation were performed using correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), membership function value analysis, and cluster analysis. Results demonstrated that all grafted combinations achieved survival rates exceeding 80%, with fusarium wilt resistance categorized as resistant or highly resistant. Coefficients of variation (CV) for plant and fruit traits ranged from 5.45% to 19.11% (mean CV=13.52%). Correlation analysis revealed varying degrees of associations among 15 agronomic traits. PCA extracted five principal components explaining 87.913% of the total variance across 35 grafted combinations. Both PCA and membership functions ranking results showed high consistency, with minor discrepancies in individual genotypes. A composite ranking based on the arithmetic mean of both methods identified ‘Shengzhen No.1’, ‘Jinzuan’ and ‘Jinzhen No.1’ as the top three performers. Cluster analysis classified the 35 rootstocks into three groups, with group I (18 genotypes, all cucurbita rootstocks) exhibiting superior comprehensive traits, making them ideal candidates for rootstock breeding and germplasm innovation. Through multivariate statistical analysis, three elite rootstock cultivars of ‘Shengzhen No.1’, ‘Jinzuan’, and ‘Jinzhen No.1’ were selected for their combined advantages in high yield and quality, providing robust material support for premium grafted melon production.

  Study on Endodermis Development and Apoplast Barrier in Roots of Lycium barbarum L. MENG Lifang, ZHAO Wangli, JIN Min, MAO Guilian 2025, 41 (30):  70-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0748 Abstract + ( 9 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 2702KB )   ( 6 ) To investigate the differentiation of the root endodermis and the formation of the apoplast barrier such as Casparian strips and suberin lamella on apoplastic transport pathways in the woody halophyte Lycium barbarum L.(L. barbarum). Using L. barbarum ‘Ningqi No.1’ as experimental material, the development of endodermis and apoplast barrier in the root system of L. barbarum were studied using freehand sectioning combined with fluorescent tracers exploring propidium iodide (PI) and Na+ fluorescent probe (CoroNa Green, AM). The results showed that the development of the endodermis structure of L. barbarum can be divided into four developmental phases according to the sequential appearance of Casparian strips and suberin lamella. During the undifferentiated stage, no Casparian strips formation was found in the cell walls, and PI could freely penetrate across both the exodermis and endodermis into the stele. In the first stage, the Casparian strips was observed depositing in endodermal cells and PI could penetrate through exodermis, but was partially blocked its transport at the endodermis, restricting access to the stele. In stage Ⅱ, with well-developed Casparian strips and suberin lamellae, PI penetration to the stele was completely blocked. In stage III, extensive root lignification was observed, accompanied by endodermis degeneration and disappearance of Casparian strips. At the same time, the number of cells associated with the endodermis development showed continuous increasing during root growth, and significant growth was observed from the undifferentiated stage to the appearance of Casparian strips (P<0.05). It indicated that the development of the endodermis in the roots of L. barbarum is divided into four stages. Notably, during the primary growth, the formation of Casparian strips was observed in both endodermis and exodermis of L. barbarum roots, which impeded apoplast flow. However, the exodermis Casparian strips were found lacking apoplastic barrier function.

  Effects of Saline and Alkaline Stress on Abundance and Diversity of Community of Ammonia Oxidizing Microorganisms in Gray Desert Soil XIANG Guiqin, YE Yang, ZHANG Nan, GUO Huijuan 2025, 41 (30):  79-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0263 Abstract + ( 8 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1409KB )   ( 19 ) Saline-alkali soils are prevalent in the arid regions of Xinjiang, unique physical and chemical properties lead to low soil fertility and the base ions interfere with nitrogen transformation processes. Currently, the effects of the saline-alkali environment on key nitrifying microorganisms, such as ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, remain poorly understood, limiting research on nitrogen cycling in these soils and hindering efforts to improve saline-alkali land. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of two types of saline-alkali stress (NaCl and Na2CO3 + NaHCO3) on the abundance, diversity, and community structure of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in gray desert soil from arid areas. This experiment used three treatments, including chloride stress (CS), alkaline stress (AS) and a control group (CK) with no salt-alkali stress, respectively, to evaluate the effects of saline-alkaline stress on cotton growth, soil physicochemical and the abundance and community structure of soil AOA and AOB. The results showed that saline-alkaline stress significantly reduced plant height and dry matter weight of cotton as well as soil NO3-N content and potential nitrification rate (PNR). Soil moisture content, salinity, pH and NH4-N content increased significantly under stress conditions. Both salt and alkaline stress decreased the amoA gene copy numbers of AOA, AOB, and the AOA/AOB ratios, respectively, with AOB showing higher amoA gene copy numbers than that of AOA. PNR was positively correlated with AOA and AOB amoA gene copy numbers. Additionally, the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of AOB were more abundant than those of AOA under saline alkaline stress with alkaline stress causing a significant decrease in OTUs of AOB. Salt stress significantly decreased the Simpson and Shannon diversity index of AOB, whereas alkaline stress significantly increased the Simpson index of AOB. Salt stress also decreased the Pielou_e index of both AOA and AOB, while, alkaline stress increased the Chao1 index of AOA and AOB. The dominant phylum of the AOA community was Thaumarchaeota, while, Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in the AOB community. The dominant genera for AOA were Candidatus Nitrosocaldus and Nitrososphaera, and they were Nitrosospira and Nitrosomonas for AOB. Both salt and alkaline stress significantly increased the relative abundance of Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus, Nitrosomonas, while decreasing Nitrososphaera, Nitrosospira. Redundancy analysis showed that soil properties, including SWC and pH played an important role in shaping the AOA and denitrifier communities, while AOB community structure was only significantly correlated with pH. These findings suggest that AOA and AOB contribute to nitrification in alluvial gray desert soils, with pH being the dominant factor affecting the growth of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms and community structure.

  Screening and Identification of High Efficiency Cellulose -degrading Bacteria for Garden Waste Under Natural Composting Conditions ZHENG Ping, LIU Jiali, HE Xin, WANG Yuxuan, DU Jie, MU Liqiang 2025, 41 (30):  90-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0323 Abstract + ( 11 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1419KB )   ( 20 ) This study aims to alleviate the accumulation pressure of urban garden waste, achieve the recycling of renewable resources, provide new approaches for the treatment of garden waste, and offer scientific support for the construction of a green and low-carbon waste treatment system. In this study, highly efficient cellulose-degrading strains were obtained from garden waste under natural fermentation and composting conditions, using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as the sole carbon source. After screening, separation and purification, the strains were obtained. The initial screening was conducted by Congo red staining and filter paper strip disintegration, and the cellulase activity was determined by re-screening. The strains were identified by morphological and molecular biological identification methods. The research showed that after screening, isolation and purification, a cellulose-degrading fungus FH10 was obtained, and the enzyme activities of its filter paper, endoglucanase, exocytoglucanase and β-glucosylase were 0.5558 U/mL, 0.4916 U/mL, 1.107 U/mL and 1.663 U/mL, respectively. The FH10 strain was identified as Fusarium oxysporum by comparison with the NCBI-BLAST database. The FH10 strain is a highly efficient cellulose-degrading strain that can effectively promote the degradation of cellulose, laying a working foundation for the further development and utilization of microbial composting agents or enzyme preparations.

  Research Progress of Plant-microbe Remediation for Cd Contaminated Soil WANG Xiang, SU Sheng, MAO Wei, CHEN Ming, LIU Xianglin, YANG Tianming, CHU Hongyuan, XU Xunyan 2025, 41 (30):  97-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0412 Abstract + ( 12 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1341KB )   ( 9 ) Cadmium pollution has become a major global challenge to farmland safety, and safeguarding the quality of farmland is of paramount importance. This paper examined the sources and speciation of cadmium in soil, summarized the efficacy and mechanisms of plant-microbe systems in remediating cadmium-contaminated soils, including root interaction, metabolite regulation and cadmium speciation transformation. This study introduced the primary sources and characteristics of both plants and microorganisms in such synergistic systems, and elucidated the underlying remediation mechanisms as well as key influencing factors. Owing to the synergistic interactions between plants and microorganisms, the combined remediation system demonstrated superior efficiency in remediating cadmium-contaminated soils compared to individual remediation approaches. Finally, in view of the future research direction, it is recommended to introduce eco-friendly functional materials (such as biochar, nanomaterials, etc.) in order to provide efficient and environmentally friendly technical solutions for the remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil.

  Effects of Continuous Cropping on Microbial Community in Rhizosphere Soil of Konjac ZHU Ting, DONG Kun, YANG Yong, ZHANG Lizhen, YIN Xiangao, YIN Jianqing, HUANG Jie, CHEN Yongdui, LU Jun, WU Kuo, DONG Jiahong 2025, 41 (30):  105-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0154 Abstract + ( 9 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1217KB )   ( 8 ) The study investigated the impact of konjac continuous cropping on the microbial community and relevant functional genes in the rhizosphere soil, providing a theoretical basis for addressing the continuous cropping obstacle in the konjac cultivation. Through metagenomic sequencing technology, the characteristics of microbial community were analyzed in konjac rhizosphere soil samples from the fields that never been planted with konjac (Mock), planted in the current year (SC1Y), and continuously planted for 13 years (SC13Y), respectively. The abundance and function of microorganisms and soil enzymes were annotated using the NR, eggNOG, KEGG, and CAZy databases. KEGG and EggNOG functional predictions indicated that long-term continuous cropping of konjac reduced the abundance of metabolic pathways and amino acid metabolism, thereby decreasing the overall metabolic capacity of soil microorganisms. Based on CAZy annotation analysis, glycoside hydrolases and glycosyltransferases were the most abundant in the soils under long-term continuous cropping, leading to a reduction in carbohydrates in the konjac rhizosphere soil. Significant differences were observed in the microbial composition of konjac rhizosphere soils under different cropping durations, and long-term continuous cropping altered the functional structure of the microbial community in the konjac rhizosphere soil.

  Nutrient Abundance and Comprehensive Fertility Evaluation of Tobacco Planting Soil in Shaoyang LIU Xiangrong, TANG Yun, ZHU Wei, XIAO Zhixiang, HE Liwei, NING Zhuo, WANG Hexin, DING Chunxia 2025, 41 (30):  113-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0418 Abstract + ( 11 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 2234KB )   ( 8 ) To explore the spatial distribution characteristics of soil nutrients and the soil integrated fertility level of tobacco-planting areas in Shaoyang City, the representative soil samples had been collected from three tobacco- planting counties in Shaoyang City for nutrients detection. Geographic Information System (GIS) technology was used to analyze the spatial variation characteristics of soil nutrients, and the tobacco-planting soil integrated fertility was evaluated by Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The results showed that the soil average pH in the tobacco-planting areas of Shaoyang was pH 6.47. The contents of main soil nutrients were within the suitable range for tobacco growth. However, the content of available phosphorus was relatively high. The soil comprehensive fertility index was 0.6374 and the soil integrated fertility in most area was from level I to level III. The results indicated that the soil integrated fertility in Shaoyang tobacco area was good and suitable for the production of high-quality tobacco leaves, but it was necessary to focus on the reduction of phosphate fertilizer application and the balanced management of soil nutrients.

  Effects of Straw Returning on Soil Properties and Wheat Yield in Rice-wheat Rotation Area WU Jia, SHANG Xiaolan, HONG Chunlai, YAO Yanlai, ZHOU Ying, ZHU Weijing 2025, 41 (30):  122-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0367 Abstract + ( 12 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1559KB )   ( 14 ) To investigate the effects of rice straw returning on soil fertility enhancement and wheat yield in a rice-wheat rotation system, a field plot experiment was conducted. This study examined the correlations among soil aggregate structure, chemical properties, and wheat yield in the 0-20 cm topsoil layer under different straw incorporation methods and two decomposer treatments: 1/3 straw incorporation (JB), 1/3 straw incorporation with decomposer (JBF1 and JBF2), full straw incorporation (JQ), and full straw incorporation with decomposer (JQF1 and JQF2). The results showed that, compared with JB, JQ or treatments with decomposer (JBF1 and JBF2) significantly increased the proportion of water-stable macroaggregates (>0.25 mm), aggregate stability indicators (R0.25), mean weight diameter (MWD), and geometric mean diameter (GMD). Simultaneously, JQ or treatments with decomposer (JBF1 and JBF2) significantly enhanced soil electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), and available potassium (AK) compared to JB. The increase in soil OM was primarily associated with higher levels of heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), and readily oxidizable carbon (ROC). Compared to 1/3 or full straw incorporation alone, applying decomposer increased wheat yield by 16.8%-26.4% and 10.1%-20.6%, respectively, with the JQF1 treatment achieving the highest wheat yield. It was found that under the condition of full returning to the field, the effect of Hubei decomposer (JQF1) was significantly better than that of Shandong decomposer (JQF2), which significantly increased the content of >0.25 mm macroaggregates by 8.3% and wheat yield by 5.2% compared with JQF2 (P<0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that wheat yield was significantly influenced by the proportion of >0.25 mm aggregates, aggregate stability, and the contents of soil OM, TN, and AN. In conclusion, straw incorporation combined with decomposer application achieved a synergistic effect of soil fertility improvement and crop yield increase. Specifically, the content of soil > 0.25 mm macroaggregates, OM and AN increased by 15.2 %, 8.7 % and 10.3 %, and the wheat yield increased by 12.5 %, respectively, compared with JB treatment. Straw incorporation combined with decomposer application is a suitable farming practice for rice-wheat rotation areas.

  Meteorological Driving Mechanisms and Predictive Modeling of Alpine Grassland Forage Yield Based on Temporal Grouping YANG Fei, LIU Wenbing, ZHANG Haichun, MA Wenyuan 2025, 41 (30):  131-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0626 Abstract + ( 10 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1121KB )   ( 10 ) To explore the stage-specific regulatory mechanisms of meteorological factors on forage yield in alpine steppe and to provide a scientific basis for grassland resource management and yield forecasting, we used fresh forage yield and concurrent meteorological records from the Batan alpine steppe, Tongde County of Qinghai Province during 2005-2023 to conduct study. Thirteen meteorological time-windows were delimited using the stage-grouping approach. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were employed to quantify the impacts of precipitation, mean air temperature, relative humidity, sunshine duration, and wind speed on forage yield and to characterize their stage-specific responses. Fresh forage yield exhibited a weak upward trend, with a climate-tendency rate of 1801.4 kg/hm2 decade and a coefficient of variation of 59.3%, indicating high sensitivity to climatic fluctuations. Precipitation was the dominant promoting driver, exerting the strongest positive effect during the peak-growing window (May-August), with Pearson’s r=0.294 (P< 0.05). Relative humidity acted compensatory role in the late season by modulating vapor pressure deficit (VPD), as evidenced by r=0.462 (P<0.01) for May-August. Sunshine duration and wind speed exerted persistent suppressive effects across all stages. Temperature effects were stage-dependent: beneficial in spring but statistically non-significant during summer. The developed yield-forecasting model (adjusted R2=0.934, n=19, P<0.001) incorporated three pivotal variables: precipitation from December of the previous year to August of the current year, mean temperature from May to August, and relative humidity from November of the previous year to August of the current year. Forage yield formation in alpine steppe is water-dominated, with significant multi-factor temporal interactions, reflecting an ecological adaptation strategy of ‘water-heat coupling and stage complementarity’. We recommend developing stage-specific management protocols aligned with phenological phases and focusing on key meteorological variables within critical windows to improve forecasting accuracy.

  Study on Variation of Tobacco Leaf Full Aroma Components Contents by Multifactorial Variables Across Hemisphere Scale ZHANG Binghui, SUN Shihao, JIA Kai, WANG Yihui, ZHENG Chaoyuan, LI Wenqing 2025, 41 (30):  137-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0683 Abstract + ( 10 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1766KB )   ( 3 ) To improve the quality of domestic cigar tobacco leaves, reduce dependence on imports, this study explored and developed determination methods for aroma-active substances in cigar tobacco leaves, and conducted a comparative analysis of intrinsic aroma-active substances between domestic and foreign cigar tobacco leaves. 26 tobacco leave samples from five different latitudes and longitudes (A, B, C, D, and E) were subjected to solid-Phase microextraction. Subsequently, the full-component data of 26 tobacco samples were measured using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC×GC-qMS). The detection results show that there are a total of 509 substances in the samples, which fall into six categories: polyphenols, organic acids, aldehydes, ketones and alcohols, heterocycles, esters and aromatic rings, and others. The content of aldehydes, ketones and alcohols in area A is the highest, reaching 15.20 mg/g, while the samples from area D1 have the largest number of aldehydes, ketones and alcohols, up to 145 species. The content and variation trends of various substances in the plants from areas D2 and D3 are similar. The samples from Areas C1 and C2 also show similar variation trends in substance content. However, compared with area C1, the content of organic acids in area C2 is higher, reaching 1.17 mg/g, while the contents of aldehydes, ketones and alcohols, esters and aromatic rings, heterocycles, and other substances are relatively low. The samples from area E2 are similar to those from areas C1 and C2 in terms of content and variation trends, but the content of heterocyclic substances is significantly lower, at 0.13 mg/g. PCA analysis reveals that the samples from foreign location A share potential similarities with some samples from domestic location D1 and samples from domestic location E1. Based on the research results, we believe that the tobacco plants from areas A and D1 are relatively rich in substance content and species, and with potential similarities. So the plants from these two areas have the potential for introduction and cultivation.

  Analysis of Effect of Morphological Traits on Meat Yield of Procambarus clarinii in Poyang Lake Area ZHANG Ying, HUANG Jiangfeng, ZHOU Zhiyong, LI Yanhe, XU Xiandong, WANG Jingyu, ZHONG Keer, ZHANG Haixin, SHAO Huiyu, ZHANG Aifang 2025, 41 (30):  147-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0167 Abstract + ( 13 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1517KB )   ( 14 ) To clarify the relationship between morphological traits and abdominal meat yield in adult red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) from Poyang Lake, the abdominal meat yield and nine morphological traits were measured in 310 Procambarus clarkii individuals. The influence of morphological traits on abdominal meat yield was investigated using correlation analysis, path analysis, and stepwise regression analysis. Morphological prediction equations for abdominal meat yield were constructed. The main traits affecting abdominal meat yield in the female and male groups were total length and third abdominal segment length. The main traits affecting abdominal meat yield in the mixed group were total length, first abdominal segment width, and third abdominal segment length. Using the significant traits as independent variables and abdominal meat yield as the dependent variable, multiple regression equations were constructed: female group: yfemale=0.614x1+0.678x2-0.266x3-0.014 (R2=0.735), male group: ymale=0.229x1+0.618x2-3.301x3-0.041 (R2=0.689), mixed group: ymixed=0.718x1+0.496x2+0.480x3-0.086 (R2=0.753). Where x1=total length/body length, x2=first abdominal segment width/body length, x3=third abdominal segment length/body length, and x4=Fulton’s condition factor (K). The best-fitting curve models for the relationship between condition factor (K) and abdominal meat yield were primarily power functions in the female and mixed groups, and primarily binomial in the male group. For selective breeding of Procambarus clarkii from Poyang Lake based on meat yield rate, when breeding female and male groups separately, it is recommended to primarily use condition factor (K) as the main reference trait, with total length/body length and third abdominal segment length/body length as auxiliary reference traits; for the mixed group, it is recommended to primarily use condition factor (K) as the main reference trait, with total length/body length, first abdominal segment width/body length, and third abdominal segment length/body length as auxiliary reference traits. This study provides a reference basis for the genetic breeding of Procambarus clarkii based on abdominal meat yield.

  Establishment and Optimization of Droplet Digital PCR Method for African Swine Fever Virus WANG Yonghao, LIU Pengxiang, SONG Shuai, CHEN Yuting, WEN Xiaohui, XIANG Guoqing, CHEN Meixia, LI Wenchao, LUO Shengjun 2025, 41 (30):  156-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0088 Abstract + ( 8 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2353KB )   ( 6 ) The objective of this study is to establish a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method for the detection of African swine fever virus. In this study, the specific primers and probes of African swine fever virus were synthesized, and the annealing temperature, primer and probe concentration and reaction conditions were optimized. The specificity, sensitivity and repeatability of the method were comprehensively evaluated, and the preliminary clinical application was carried out according to the optimized conditions. The optimal annealing temperature of the established ddPCR method was 61.4℃. The optimal final primer and probe concentrations were 700 nmol/L and 150 nmol/L, respectively; the results of this method showed that the specific amplification of ASFV was positive, and the amplification of other common epidemic viruses was negative without amplification, and there was no cross-reactivity. The lowest limit of detection of this ddPCR method was 1.37 copies/μL, which was 10-fold more sensitive than that of real-time PCR, the fit of the concentration gradient linear analysis was R2=0.9898, and the coefficient of variation of the repeatability test was less than 10%. The ddPCR method established by the application was used to detect 80 suspected ASFV clinical samples from different sources, and the results were negative, which was consistent with the results of real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The ddPCR method established in this study has high sensitivity, strong specificity and good reproducibility, and can be used for accurate quantitative analysis of ASFV laboratory detection.