Effects of Slow-released Fertilizer in Rice Seedling Tray on Seedling Growth, NPK Release Characteristics and Rice Yield

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0680

Abstract

Abstract:

The traditional soil-based rice seedling methods for mechanical transplanting are time consuming and laborious. Slow-released fertilizer in rice seedling tray is an important way to achieve efficient cultivation of rice. The effects of slow-released fertilizer in rice seedling tray on seedling growth, NPK release characteristics and rice yield were studied. The rice seedling experiment was set up with two treatments: rice seedling with nutrient soil and rice seedling with slow-released fertilizer. In further, the field experiment was set up with five treatments: no nitrogen application, conventional fertilization, one-time fertilization with slow-released fertilizer (OFSRF), one-time fertilization with side-deep fertilization (OFSDF) and one-time fertilization with slow-released fertilizer in rice seedling tray (OFSS). The results of the rice seedling experiment showed that the main release time of NPK in the slow-released fertilizer in the rice seedling tray was day 7 and day 13, and the main absorption time of nitrogen by rice was on day 8- day 9, and the main absorption time of phosphorus and potassium was on day 13. Compared with conventional rice seedling, the aboveground fresh weight, leaf number, plant height and stem diameter treated with rice seedling with slow-released fertilizer increased by 37.30%, 66.67%, 44.57% and 13.43%, respectively, and the chlorophyll content and nitrogen content of the leaves increased by 29.33% and 53.32%, respectively. The results of the field experiment showed that compared with the OFSRF and OFSDF, the rice yield of OFSS was significantly increased by 10.73% (P<0.05) and 6.69% (P<0.05), while the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate was significantly increased by 26.51% (P<0.05) and 14.97%. In summary, compared with conventional rice seedling, rice seedling with slow-released fertilizer improved the aboveground growth and nutrient content of seedling. Under the same fertilization level in the field, one-time fertilization with slow-released fertilizer in rice seedling tray could increase rice yield and improve nitrogen utilization efficiency.

Key words: rice, seedling tray, slow-released fertilizer, one-time fertilization, seedling quality, yield

CHEN Gonglei, YAN Dong, WANG Jidong, ZHANG Hui, NING Yunwang, LIANG Dong, MA Hongbo. Effects of Slow-released Fertilizer in Rice Seedling Tray on Seedling Growth, NPK Release Characteristics and Rice Yield[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(14): 52-60.

Figures/Tables 10

References 29

[1]	PENG S, TANG Q, ZOU Y. Current status and challenges of rice production in China[J]. Plant production science, 2009, 12:3-8.
[2]	BHUSHAN L, LADHA J K, GUPTA R K, et al. Saving of water and labor in a rice-wheat system with no-tillage and direct seeding technologies[J]. Agronomy journal, 2007, 99:1288-1296.
[3]	KNIGHT J, DENG Q, LI S. The puzzle of migrant labour shortage and rural labour surplus in China[J]. China economic review, 2011, 22:585-600.
[4]	HE WENJUN, HE BIN, WU BOYANG, et al. Growth of tandem long-mat rice seedlings using controlled release fertilizers: Mechanical transplantation can be more economical and high yielding[J]. Journal of integrative agriculture, 2023, 22(12):3652-3666.
[5]	吴周周, 刘佳欣, 陈粤彤, 等. 缓控释肥研究现状及其在水稻上的应用[J]. 中国稻米, 2022, 28(1):13-17. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.01.003
[6]	郭智, 肖敏, 陈留根, 等. 稻麦两熟农田稻季养分径流流失特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 2010, 19(7):1622-1627. doi: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906(2010)07-1622-06
[7]	YU C Q, HUANG X, CHEN H, et al. Managing nitrogen to restore water quality in China[J]. Nature, 2019, 567:516-520.
[8]	胡玉容, 王科, 李扬, 等. 新型缓释氮肥草酰胺[J]. 化工技术与开发, 2012, 41(10):31-33.
[9]	YANG Y C, ZHANG M, ZHEGN L, et al. Controlled-release urea for rice production and its environmental implications[J]. Journal of plant nutrition, 2013, 36(5):781-794.
[10]	蒋伟勤, 马中涛, 胡群, 等. 缓控释氮肥对水稻生长发育及氮素利用的影响[J]. 江苏农业学报, 2020, 36(3):777-784.
[11]	KANETA Y, AWASAKI H, MURAL T. The non-tillage rice culture by single application of fertilizer in a nursery box with controlled-release fertilizer[J]. Japanese journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 1994, 65:385-391.
[12]	FUJISAWA E, KOBAYASHI A, HANYU T. A mechanism of nutrient release from resin-coated fertilizers and its estimation by kinetic methods[J]. Japanese journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 1998, 69:582-589.
[13]	杨越超. 种肥接触全量施用控释氮肥提高水稻氮素利用率的机理研究[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2010.
[14]	刘汝亮, 李友宏, 张爱平, 等. 育秧箱全量施肥对水稻产量和氮素流失的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2012, 23(7):1853-1860.
[15]	李艳, 华夏, 陈艳艳, 等. OsPHR2对小麦酸性磷酸化酶活性和根系土壤有机酸含量的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2023, 43(12):1570-1577.
[16]	LI Y, HE Z, LI X, et al. Quality and field growth characteristics of hydroponically grown long-mat seedlings[J]. Agronomy journal, 2016, 108:1581-1591.
[17]	鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析(3版)[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000.
[18]	张木, 唐拴虎, 张发宝, 等. 60天释放期缓释尿素可实现早稻和晚稻的一次性基施[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(1):119-127.
[19]	VANCE C P, UHDE-STONE C, ALLAN D L. Phosphorus acquisition and use: critical adaptations by plants for securing a nonrenewable resource[J]. New phytologist, 2003, 157:423-447. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00695.x pmid: 33873400
[20]	FIDELIS R R, ROTILI E A, SANTOS M, et al. Nitrogen use efficiency in lowland rice cultivars[J]. Brazilian journal of agricultural sciences, 2011, 6:622-626.
[21]	JULIA C C, ROSE T J, PARIASCA-TANAKA J, et al. Phosphorus uptake commences at the earliest stages of seedling development in rice[J]. Journal of experimental botany, 2018, 69:5233-5240. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ery267 pmid: 30053197
[22]	钟平, 邵文奇, 孙春梅, 等. 托盘育苗方法中不同育苗介质及出苗方式对机插水稻秧苗素质的影响[J]. 西南农业学报, 2019, 32(8):1740-1745.
[23]	沈关新, 尹特奇, 匡新华. 秧苗素质对水稻产量及光合特性的影响[J]. 湖南农业科学, 2020(7):27-30.
[24]	孙巧玉, 刘依琳, 杨洪福, 等. 育秧期钵盘施用全量控释肥显著降低稻田氮素损失风险[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2022, 28(3):566-574.
[25]	李锦涛, 胡洋, 李炫, 等. 控释尿素接触施用对水稻秧苗生长的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2023(1):57-64.
[26]	杨越超, 张民, 陈剑秋, 等. 控释氮肥对水稻秧苗形态特征和生理特性的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16(5):1126-1135.
[27]	商庆银, 吕伟生, 曾勇军, 等. 分蘖肥不同施用时期对机插双季稻产量和群体发育的影响[J]. 江西农业大学学报, 2015, 37(1):42-47.
[28]	PANDA M M, REDDY M D, SHARMA A R. Yield performance of rainfed lowland rice as affected by nursery fertilization under conditions of intermediate deepwater (15-50cm) and flash floods[J]. Plant & soil, 1991, 132:65-71.
[29]	李锦涛, 胡洋, 李炫, 等. 一次性接触施控释尿素对水稻秧苗素质及生长的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2024, 52(5):70-77.

处理	控释尿素用量/(kg/标准盘)	控释复合肥用量/(kg/标准盘)
常规营养土育秧	0	0
接触施肥育秧	0.60	0.50

处理	控释尿素用量/(kg/标准盘)	控释复合肥用量/(kg/标准盘)
常规营养土育秧	0	0
接触施肥育秧	0.60	0.50

编号	处理	基肥			分蘖肥	穗肥
编号	处理	尿素	复合肥(15:15:15)	包膜复合肥(28:6:10)	尿素	尿素
1	不施氮	0	0	0	0	0
2	常规施肥	0	600	0	150	150
3	包膜肥一次性施肥	225	0	187.5	0	0
4	侧深施肥一次性施肥	225	0	187.5	0	0
5	接触施一次性施肥	225	0	187.5	0	0

编号	处理	基肥			分蘖肥	穗肥
编号	处理	尿素	复合肥(15:15:15)	包膜复合肥(28:6:10)	尿素	尿素
1	不施氮	0	0	0	0	0
2	常规施肥	0	600	0	150	150
3	包膜肥一次性施肥	225	0	187.5	0	0
4	侧深施肥一次性施肥	225	0	187.5	0	0
5	接触施一次性施肥	225	0	187.5	0	0

处理	穗数/(万/hm²)	穗粒数/(个/穗)	结实率/%	千粒重/(g/1000粒)	产量/(kg/hm²)
不施氮	246.75c	111.64c	93.18b	27.82a	6069.75c
常规施肥	301.95a	140.33a	96.44a	26.27ab	9124.65a
包膜肥一次性施肥	294.30b	131.24b	95.72a	25.86b	8126.55b
侧深施肥一次性施肥	297.60b	135.16ab	95.65a	25.79b	8434.05b
接触施一次性施肥	316.05a	138.68a	96.12a	25.13b	8998.95a