Determination for Fertilizer Rate and Compound Fertilizer Ratio for Black Soil Farming

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0029

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to simplify the determination method of fertilizer application rate and accurately match the types and proportions of fertilizers. Utilizing a modified formula for calculating fertilizer rate, a trade-off selection method for determining fertilizer rate and a relative abundance method for matching type ratios were established. The trade-off selection method was used to calculate the required fertilizer rate for planting corn, wheat, and peanuts in sandy black calcareous soil, loamy black calcareous soil, and typical black soil in the Northeast Black Soil Region, which are close to the actual local fertilizer rate and indicate that the local fertilizer rate are not excessive. The relative abundance method was used to calculate the mixing or compound fertilizer ratios needed for different crops in various plots, recommending a N:P₂O₅:K₂O ratio of 25:10:15 for preparing mixed or compound fertilizers for corresponding soil types in the Northeast Black Soil Region to match suitable fertilizer rate. Under the scenario where the amount of available nutrients supplied from the soil equals the loss from the applied fertilizer, the fertilization rate should follow the principle，how much is needed for crops growing, how much to apply.

Key words: fertilizer rate, type ratio, trade-off selection method, relative abundance method, black soil

ZHOU Daowei, LI Qiang, HU Juan, YU Dafu, SHI Jibo. Determination for Fertilizer Rate and Compound Fertilizer Ratio for Black Soil Farming[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(2): 103-112.

Figures/Tables 9

References 35

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类别	N	P	K	备注
玉米元素含量/(mg/kg)	9628.2±194.7	1989.5±57.5	5784.3±84.9	—
玉米生长需要/(kg/hm²)	250.3	51.7	150.4	总生物量×整株元素含量
土壤0~20 cm层有效元素含量/(mg/kg)	88.1±9.2	12.2±1.7	70.5±7.8	—
土壤0~20 cm层有效元素总量/(kg/hm²)	193.9	26.9	155.1	10000 m²×0.2 m×容重1.1 g/cm³×有效元素含量
土壤20~40 cm层有效元素含量/(mg/kg)	49.4±7.7	4.1±1.0	67.5±6.7	—
土壤20~40 cm层有效元素总量/(kg/hm²)	108.8	9.1	148.5	10000 m²×0.2 m土层×容重1.1 g/cm³×有效元素含量
土壤0~40 cm层元素总量/(kg/hm²)	302.7	36.0	303.6	0~20 cm土层元素总量+20~40 cm土层元素总量
垄台0~40 cm层元素总量/(kg/hm²)	151.3	18.0	151.8	深度扩展1倍，面积缩小1倍

类别	N	P	K	备注
玉米元素含量/(mg/kg)	9628.2±194.7	1989.5±57.5	5784.3±84.9	—
玉米生长需要/(kg/hm²)	250.3	51.7	150.4	总生物量×整株元素含量
土壤0~20 cm层有效元素含量/(mg/kg)	88.1±9.2	12.2±1.7	70.5±7.8	—
土壤0~20 cm层有效元素总量/(kg/hm²)	193.9	26.9	155.1	10000 m²×0.2 m×容重1.1 g/cm³×有效元素含量
土壤20~40 cm层有效元素含量/(mg/kg)	49.4±7.7	4.1±1.0	67.5±6.7	—
土壤20~40 cm层有效元素总量/(kg/hm²)	108.8	9.1	148.5	10000 m²×0.2 m土层×容重1.1 g/cm³×有效元素含量
土壤0~40 cm层元素总量/(kg/hm²)	302.7	36.0	303.6	0~20 cm土层元素总量+20~40 cm土层元素总量
垄台0~40 cm层元素总量/(kg/hm²)	151.3	18.0	151.8	深度扩展1倍，面积缩小1倍

土壤有效N 利用率/%	土壤有效N 供给量/(kg/hm²)		所施肥料N利用率/%
土壤有效N 利用率/%	土壤有效N 供给量/(kg/hm²)		25%	35%	45%	55%	65%	75%	85%
20	30.3	N施肥量	880.6	629.0	489.2	400.3	338.7	293.5	259.0*
30	45.4		820.0	585.7	455.6	372.7	315.4	273.3	241.2*
40	60.5		759.5	542.5	422.0	345.2	292.1	253.2*	223.4
50	75.7		699.0	499.3	388.3	317.7	268.8*	233.0*	205.6
60	90.8		638.5	456.1	354.7	290.2	245.6*	212.8	187.8
70	105.9		578.0	412.8	321.1	262.7*	222.3	192.7	170.0
80	121.0		517.4	369.6	287.5	235.2*	199.0	172.5	152.2
90	136.2		456.9	326.4	253.8*	207.7	175.7	152.3	134.4

土壤有效N 利用率/%	土壤有效N 供给量/(kg/hm²)		所施肥料N利用率/%
土壤有效N 利用率/%	土壤有效N 供给量/(kg/hm²)		25%	35%	45%	55%	65%	75%	85%
20	30.3	N施肥量	880.6	629.0	489.2	400.3	338.7	293.5	259.0*
30	45.4		820.0	585.7	455.6	372.7	315.4	273.3	241.2*
40	60.5		759.5	542.5	422.0	345.2	292.1	253.2*	223.4
50	75.7		699.0	499.3	388.3	317.7	268.8*	233.0*	205.6
60	90.8		638.5	456.1	354.7	290.2	245.6*	212.8	187.8
70	105.9		578.0	412.8	321.1	262.7*	222.3	192.7	170.0
80	121.0		517.4	369.6	287.5	235.2*	199.0	172.5	152.2
90	136.2		456.9	326.4	253.8*	207.7	175.7	152.3	134.4

类别	N	P	K	备注
玉米元素含量/(mg/kg)	10962.1±258.2	2020.4±104.3	7574.3±467.1	—
玉米生长需要/(kg/hm²)	321.7	59.3	222.3	总生物量×整株元素含量
土壤0~20 cm层有效元素含量/(mg/kg)	89.2±10.2	20.1±5.1	217.1±17.2	—
土壤0~20 cm层有效元素总量/(kg/hm²)	196.1	44.2	477.5	10000 m²×0.2 m×容重1.1 g/cm³×有效元素含量
土壤20~40 cm层有效元素含量/(mg/kg)	75.3±5.2	8.6±1.8	174.3±29.6	—
土壤20~40 cm层有效元素总量/(kg/hm²)	165.7	19.0	383.4	10000 m²×0.2 m土层×容重1.1 g/cm³×有效元素含量
土壤0~40 cm层元素总量/(kg/hm²)	361.9	63.1	860.9	0~20 cm土层元素总量+20~40 cm土层元素总量
垄台0~40 cm层元素总量/(kg/hm²)	180.9	31.6	430.5	深度扩展1倍，有效肥提供面积缩小1倍
施肥种类	N/尿素	P/磷酸二铵	K/硫酸钾	—
权衡选择法确定的施肥量/(kg/hm²)	325.1/706.8	57.2/248.8	223.9/497.5	合计1339 kg/hm²（减二铵所含N的等量尿素114 kg/hm²）