Abstract: 【OBJECTIVE】Study on effects on enzyme activities and microbe in rhizosphere soil of ScMV-CP transgenic sugarcane. 【METHOD】This experiment used BIOLOG Ecoplate and plate cultivation of microorganism associated with related soil enzyme activities analyses under field release of transgenic sugarcane. 【RESULTS】The results showed that the dehydrogenase activity of was lowered significantly(p<0.05), and the cellulose, protease and urease activities were improved remarkably(p<0.01), but there was no difference on sucrase activity and phosphatase activities in rhizosphere soil of ScMV-CP transgenic sugarcane compared with non-transgenic sugarcane. The total number of colony forming units (CFUs) of culturable bacteria and fungi were increased significantly((p<0.01) in transgenic sugarcane rhizosphere soil, but The total number of CFUs of culturable was not effected. No significantly higher CFUs of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes resistant to kanamycin(Km)were obtained in transgenic sugarcane soil. BIOLOG experiment showed the metabolism activity of soil bacteria was increased lightly, and the soil bacteria diversity indexes such as Simpson index(D’),Shannon-Wiener index(H’), evenness, Mclntosh index(DMc) were not different from each other after inoculating 72h in BIOLOG Ecoplate.【CONCLUSION】There were some effects on soil enzyme activities and CFUs of soil microbe in the rhizosphere soil of ScMV-CP transgenic sugarcane, but no increasement of CFUs of soil microbe resistant to kanamycin(Km)were obtained. And results BIOLOG experiment showed the transgenic sugarcane didn’t change the soil bacteria diversity.