Abstract: AFLP (Amplified fragment length polymorphism) is a highly efficient technique for DNA fingerprinting. The technique is applicable to any organism without prior sequence characterization of the target genome. It’s characterized with reliability of RFLP, as well as with simplify of RAPD. In recent years, AFLP markers have been widely applied to dry fruit genetics and breeding. In this paper, the basic principles and procedures were introduced. The application of AFLP in dry fruit germplasm resource research, genetic linkage map construction, gene location, molecular-assisted selection and gene expression were reviewed. Problems and prospects of AFLP application in dry fruit genetics and breeding were also briefly discussed.