Abstract: To evaluate the effect of the poverty alleviation project and improve the use of poverty alleviation project funds, based on a field survey, this paper focused on the research of two Tibetan chicken breeding cases in Zhaxi and Layu Village in Shannan Prefecture using the method of benefit analysis and comparative analysis. The results showed that the effect of poverty alleviation projects for those small villages in Tibet was not obvious. The main obstacles to the poverty alleviation projects were severe natural conditions, weak infrastructure, out- of- date regulation system, lack of encouragement mechanism and traditional religious ideas. As a onsequence, conducting poverty alleviation project in those small villages in Tibet, the problem of inaccurate positioning should be solved first.