Abstract: The spatial variation and its influencing factors of main fertility traits in apple orchard soil were estimated In Loess Plateau of Longdong. These 10 fertility traits from 31 representative orchard soils were tested. Chemical analysis and comparing method were selected in this experiment. The results showed that orchard soil pH and hygroscopic water content had little difference among the orchards. The field soils were similar. Soil organic matter and nitrogen nutrition level was lower. Soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus showed normal. Soil total potassium, available potassium and water soluble calcium content was generally at a high level. Hygroscopic water and total potassium content between different orchards was a weaker variation. Other nutrient content belong to moderate variation, variation coefficient in 14.33%-56.77%. Between the upper and lower layer, water soluble calcium and hygroscopic water content level was lower in upper layer than the lower layer, but other nutrient content level was on the contrary. So, we suggest the focus of apple orchard soil management is to increase soil organic matter, regulate soil ecological environment of rhizosphere, stabilize nitrogen content in normal, increase phosphorus content, limit the application amount of potassium compare to normal production activities, and regulate calcium by water and so on.