Effects of Biochar and Its Combined Application with Chemical Fertilizers on Physical and Chemical Properties and Microbial Quantity of Fluvo-aquic Soil and Winter Wheat Yield

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090084

Abstract

Abstract: In order to find out the application effects of biochar in fluvo-aquic soil and promote the scientific application of biochar, a field experiment with four treatments including control (CK), only biochar (B), only chemical fertilizers (F) and biochar with chemical fertilizers (BF) were conducted to assess the effects of biochar and its combined application with chemical fertilizers on the physical and chemical properties of fluvoaquic soil, microbial quantity of fluvo-aquic soil and winter wheat yield. Results showed that if the B treatment was compared with CK and BF treatment was compared with F treatment, both of the biochar application treatments significantly increased soil organic carbon and available K contents, but had no significant effect on soil pH, available P, bulk density and available N contents. The bacteria and actinomycetes quantity increased after biochar application and this increase was significant in the overwintering stage, while the fungi number showed a decreasing trend after biochar application. Compared to CK, B treatment improved the straw and grain dry weight by 6.8% and 4.2%, respectively. Compared to F treatment, BF treatment increased the straw and grain dry weight by 4.4% and 16.5%, respectively. Therefore, the application of biochar could ameliorate the physical and chemical properties of fluvo-aquic soil, increased the bacteria and actinomycetes quantity as well as the winter wheat yield to a degree.

CLC Number:

S156.2

References

[1] Lehmann J. Bio-energy in the black [J]. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2007, 5(7): 381-387.
[2]何绪生,张树清,佘雕,等. 生物炭对土壤肥料的作用及未来研究[J]. 中国农学通报,2011,27(15):16-25.
[3]Smider B, Singh B. Agronomic performance of a high ash biochar in two contrasting soils[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems Environment,2014, 191: 99-107.
[4]Joseph S D, Camps-Arbestain M, Lin Y, et al. An investigation into the reactions of biochar in soil[J]. Aust J Soil Res,2010, 48(6-7): 501-515.
[5]Liang F, Li G T, Lin Q M, et al. Crop Yield and Soil Properties in the First 3 Years After Biochar Application to a Calcareous Soil[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2014,13(3): 525-532.
[6] Laird D A, Fleming P, Davis D D, et al. Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midwestern agricultural soil[J]. Geoderma,2010, 158(3-4): 443-449.
[7]Liang B, Lehmann J, Solomon D, et al. Black Carbon Increases Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils[J]. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.,2006, 70(5): 1719-1730.
[8]Glaser B, Haumaier L, Guggenberger G, et al. The 'Terra Preta' phenomenon: a model for sustainable agriculture in the humid tropics[J]. Naturwissenschaften,2001, 88(1): 37-41.
[9]Kloss S, Zehetner F, Wimmer B, et al. Biochar application to temperate soils: Effects on soil fertility and crop growth under greenhouse conditions[J]. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci,2014, 177(1): 3-15.
[10]Glaser B, Lehmann J, Zech W. Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal - a review[J]. Biol Fertil Soils,2002, 35(4): 219-230.
[11]Steiner C, Teixeira W G, Lehmann J, et al. Long term effects of manure, charcoal and mineral fertilization on crop production and fertility on a highly weathered Central Amazonian upland soil[J]. Plant and Soil, 2007, 291(1-2): 275-290.
[12]金梁,魏丹,郭文义,等.化肥单施及生物炭与化肥配施对土壤物理性质、大豆形态学指标及产量影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015,(2):29-32.
[13]Van Zwieten L, Kimber S, Morris S, et al. Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility[J]. Plant and Soil,2010, 327(1-2): 235-246.
[14]卜晓莉,薛建辉. 生物炭对土壤生境及植物生长影响的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(3):535-540.
[15]朱应远.江汉平原灰潮土几种旱作物锰肥效应研究[J].华中农业大学学报,1999,18(5):448-451.
[16]吴明来.不同施肥方式对改良沿江灰潮土类耕地的效果分析[J].现代农业科技,2012,20:251-252 255.
[17]曾爱,廖允成,张俊丽,等.生物炭对塿土土壤含水量、有机碳及速效养分含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(5):1009-1015.
[18]程丽娟,薛泉宏.微生物学实验技术[M].西安:世界图书出版公司,2000:63-83.
[19]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008:25-114.
[20]武玉,徐刚,吕迎春,等.生物炭对土壤理化性质影响的研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(1):68-79.
[21]陈心想,何绪生,耿增超,等. 生物炭对不同土壤化学性质、小麦和糜子产量的影响[J]. 生态学报,2013,33(20):6534-6542.
[22]Zhao X, Wang J W, Xu H J, et al. Effects of crop-straw biochar on crop growth and soil fertility over a wheat-millet rotation in soils of China[J]. Soil Use and Management,2014, 30(3): 311-319.
[23]Laird D, Fleming P, Wang B Q, et al. Biochar impact on nutrient leaching from a Midwestern agricultural soil[J]. Geoderma,2010, 158(3-4): 436-442
[24]郭伟,陈红霞,张庆忠,等.华北高产农田施用生物质炭对耕层土壤总氮和碱解氮含量的影响[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(3):425-428.
[25] Bridle T R, Pritchard D. Energy and nutrient recovery from sewage sludge via pyrolysis[J]. Water Sci Technol,2004, 50(9): 169-175.
[26] Angst T E, Sohi S P. Establishing release dynamics for plant nutrients from biochar[J]. GCB Bioenergy,2013, 5(2): 221-226.
[27]Warnock D D, Mummey D L, McBride B, et.al. Influences of non-herbaceous biochar on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal abundances in roots and soils: Results from growth-chamber and field experiments[J]. Appl Soil Ecol,2010, 46(3): 450-456.
[28]Kolb S E, Fermanich K J, Dornbush M E. Effect of Charcoal Quantity on Microbial Biomass and Activity in Temperate Soils[J]. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.,2009, 73(4): 1173-1181.
[29]陈心想,耿增超,王森,等.施用生物炭后塿土土壤微生物及酶活性变化特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(4):751-758.
[30]Oguntunde P G, Abiodun B J, Ajayi A E, et.al. Effects of charcoal production on soil physical properties in Ghana[J]. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci,2008, 171(4): 591-596.
[31]顾美英,徐万里,唐光木,等. 生物炭对灰漠土和风沙土土壤微生物多样性及与氮素相关微生物功能的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学,2014,51(5):926-934.
[32]Rousk J, Brookes P C, Baath E. Contrasting soil pH effects on fungal and bacterial growth suggest functional redundancy in carbon mineralization[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol,2009, 75(6): 1589-1596.
[33]Uzoma K C, Inoue M, Andry H, et al. Effect of cow manure biochar on maize productivity under sandy soil condition[J]. Soil Use and Management,2011, 27(2): 205-212.
[34]王耀锋,刘玉学,吕豪豪,等. 水洗生物炭配施化肥对水稻产量及养分吸收的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):1049-1055.
[35]Cheng C H, Lehmann J. Ageing of black carbon along a temperature gradient[J]. Chemosphere,2009, 75(8): 1021-1027.
[36]Liang F, Li G T, Lin Q M, et al. Crop Yield and Soil Properties in the First 3 Years After Biochar Application to a Calcareous Soil[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2014, 13(3): 525-532.