Abstract: The planting area, productive yield, fertilizer usage and nutrient efficiency trend in main grain crops (Spring maize，summer maize and winter wheat) growth between 2004 and 2013 in ShanXi was summarized in this paper, and the potential of crop fertilizer was analyzed. Results show that compared to in 2004, in 2013 the grain crops sown area increased by 48.4%, the total grain production increased by 23.6%, the amount of fertilizer usage increased by 29.5% at the mine time, simultaneous growth of the total grain yield increase is mainly contributed by growth of maize’s planting area and yield. Over the 10 years, corn acreage increased by 48.4%, and total yield increased by 51.2%. However, the grain yield stagnated. Through analyzing the production rate of fertilizer, fertilizer-saving rate and other potential indicators in the grain production in Shanxi, it was shown that, with premise of the stability of potassium fertilizer application in maize and wheat production, 17 million tons fertilizer usage can be reduced, fertilizer saving potential can reach to 22%. Under the condition of saving 20% fertilizer, and with high yield and high efficiency technology applied, the goal of grain yield increases by 20% and nitrogen fertilizer production increases by 10% can be achieved. This can make grain production in Shanxi green and more productive.