Effects of New Types of Urea on Yield, Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization, and Production Efficiency of Winter Wheat-Summer Corn Rotation

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0259

Abstract

Abstract:

The aim was to explore the effects of different new urea on yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization of winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in the North China Plain, with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the application of new urea in practical production. Using common urea as a control, six new types of urea were applied for 5 consecutive years to measure the yield of wheat-maize rotation, analyze the effect of new urea on the composition of the yield, and at the same time, determine the nitrogen uptake of plants and seeds, and account for the nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency, bioproductivity, and production benefits of the new types of urea. The results showed that compared to the ordinary urea, continuous application of the new urea all significantly increased the yield of wheat-maize rotation system (P<0.05), with the range of yield increase from 7.08% to 11.77%, of which 9.02% was increased by the loss-control urea in the wheat season, and 15.52% was increased by the zinc-containing urea in the maize season; there was no significant difference in nitrogen absorption and utilization of the new urea during the wheat season, while the average nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency of loss-control urea fertilization and zinc containing urea in the corn season reached 9.49 kg/kg and 10.63 kg/kg, respectively. From the perspective of production efficiency, the net benefit of using loss-control urea in batches and zinc (manganese) containing urea was the highest. Under the conditions of this experiment, it was recommended to apply loss-control urea or zinc (manganese) containing urea in the winter wheat-summer corn rotation system in the North China.

Key words: new urea, wheat-corn rotation, yield composition, nitrogen absorption, nitrogen fertilizer utilization, nitrogen use efficiency, production efficiency

WANG Wenzan, HAN Jian, LI Xin, WANG Chen, LI Ruijuan, YUE Yanjun, ZHANG Lijuan. Effects of New Types of Urea on Yield, Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization, and Production Efficiency of Winter Wheat-Summer Corn Rotation[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(33): 24-33.

Figures/Tables 9

References 31

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处理		冬小麦季施肥量			夏玉米施肥量
处理		基肥	追肥	总施肥量	夏玉米施肥量
无氮处理	N0	0	0	0	0
普通尿素	ConN	72	168	240	225
控失一次施肥	LCN2	240	0	240	225
聚能网尿素	GneN	72	168	240	225
腐植酸尿素	HumN	72	168	240	225
控失尿素	LCN	72	168	240	225
含锰（锌）尿素	CMN	72	168	240	225
普通尿素+锰（锌）	ConN+M	72	168	240	225

处理		冬小麦季施肥量			夏玉米施肥量
处理		基肥	追肥	总施肥量	夏玉米施肥量
无氮处理	N0	0	0	0	0
普通尿素	ConN	72	168	240	225
控失一次施肥	LCN2	240	0	240	225
聚能网尿素	GneN	72	168	240	225
腐植酸尿素	HumN	72	168	240	225
控失尿素	LCN	72	168	240	225
含锰（锌）尿素	CMN	72	168	240	225
普通尿素+锰（锌）	ConN+M	72	168	240	225

	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	平均值
N0	16675.0±156.0 d	14769.3±566.7c	9455.2±507.1d	10691.7±440.4d	10390.1±378.5b	12396.3±208.8d
ConN	17361.7±394.9c	17356.3±1229.0b	14016.0±289.9c	16450.0±139.2c	16711.7±1167.2a	16379.2±443.2c
LCN	17742.6±305.4c	18157.7±1324.1ab	15166.0±926.7b	17745.8±459.3ab	18885.4±2273.9a	17539.5±1038.1ab
GneN	19056.1±312.9ab	18761.5±1070.7ab	15359.3±557.8ab	17704.2±449.0ab	17832.4±678.1a	17742.7±100.2ab
HumN	18869.6±391.5b	19369.1±597.3ab	15539.2±547.4ab	17200.0±646.6bc	16828.1±964.1a	17561.2±474.9ab
LCN2	19556.6±53.8a	20133.2±841.8a	16316.1±150.1a	17533.3±384.3ab	17997.9±1360.6a	18307.4±388.9a
CMN	19054.3±247.5ab	19577.9±1397.5ab	16357.6±835.3a	18370.8±151.2a	18491.3±336.2a	18370.4±89.3a
ConN+M	18570.9±247.5b	18309.9±1823.0ab	15421.1±145.0ab	17508.3±656.9ab	17011.6±1030.5a	17364.4±374.3b

	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	平均值
N0	16675.0±156.0 d	14769.3±566.7c	9455.2±507.1d	10691.7±440.4d	10390.1±378.5b	12396.3±208.8d
ConN	17361.7±394.9c	17356.3±1229.0b	14016.0±289.9c	16450.0±139.2c	16711.7±1167.2a	16379.2±443.2c
LCN	17742.6±305.4c	18157.7±1324.1ab	15166.0±926.7b	17745.8±459.3ab	18885.4±2273.9a	17539.5±1038.1ab
GneN	19056.1±312.9ab	18761.5±1070.7ab	15359.3±557.8ab	17704.2±449.0ab	17832.4±678.1a	17742.7±100.2ab
HumN	18869.6±391.5b	19369.1±597.3ab	15539.2±547.4ab	17200.0±646.6bc	16828.1±964.1a	17561.2±474.9ab
LCN2	19556.6±53.8a	20133.2±841.8a	16316.1±150.1a	17533.3±384.3ab	17997.9±1360.6a	18307.4±388.9a
CMN	19054.3±247.5ab	19577.9±1397.5ab	16357.6±835.3a	18370.8±151.2a	18491.3±336.2a	18370.4±89.3a
ConN+M	18570.9±247.5b	18309.9±1823.0ab	15421.1±145.0ab	17508.3±656.9ab	17011.6±1030.5a	17364.4±374.3b

年	处理	小麦			玉米
年	处理	千粒重/g	有效穗/(万穗/hm²)	穗粒数/(粒/穗)	百粒重/g	穗粒数/(粒/穗)
2017	N0	38.90±0.71 a	456.00±97.50 c	29.23±3.01 a	31.20±32.32 a	455.00±24.94 b
	ConN	39.10±0.62 a	550.50±127.50 a	31.89±1.94 a	31.20±62.62 a	506.00±23.47 a
	LCN	40.30±1.22 a	577.35±61.50 a	33.67±2.33 a	31.20±86.86 a	527.00±23.67 a
	GneN	35.10±0.81 a	568.52±99.34 a	32.82±6.01 a	32.60±99.99 a	517.00±41.78 a
	HumN	41.20±1.50 a	556.53±36.64 a	33.33±0.47 a	32.60±83.83 a	478.00±44.04 a
	LCN2	39.60±2.91 a	667.56±25.56 a	34.21±0.72 a	31.90±02.02 a	471.00±34.02 a
	CMN	40.40±2.80 a	618.32±45.76 a	33.87±1.94 a	34.00±08.08 a	513.00±26.07 a
	ConN+M	42.60±1.90 a	606.42±21.43 a	33.38±1.16 a	31.90±52.52 a	519.00±27.28 a
2018	N0	40.78±0.72 a	501.50±33.04 c	29.18±1.54 a	35.67±1.61 a	433.30±28.18 b
	ConN	39.94±0.93 a	643.00±42.34 b	31.26±0.33 a	36.67±1.44 a	485.30±42.06 ab
	LCN	40.17±1.27 a	620.25±67.49 b	29.27±4.47 a	37.00±0.87 a	518.77±27.36 ab
	GneN	41.02±0.48 a	689.30±52.48 b	28.88±0.88 a	38.33±1.44 a	502.03±9.36 a
	HumN	38.79±2.39 a	646.50±22.70 b	34.04±5.60 a	38.33±3.82 a	490.10±7.50 a
	LCN2	40.02±3.04 a	826.80±83.94 a	30.68±2.50 a	37.50±2.50 a	478.33±38.51 a
	CMN	39.64±1.33 a	747.10±55.07 b	30.02±3.48 a	40.00±2.50 a	490.28±31.75 a
	ConN+M	39.18±1.41 a	730.85±19.41 b	29.96±1.38 a	37.50±2.50 a	499.65±28.40 a
2019	N0	35.73±0.91 b	312.00±28.62 b	20.58±4.53 b	28.40±1.32 b	373.00±8.54 b
	ConN	38.73±0.25 a	528.00±3.00 a	35.72±1.44 a	31.05±1.62 a	378.33±2.52 b
	LCN	37.90±2.40 ab	551.00±38.69 a	35.18±1.88 ab	31.95±2.86 ab	415.67±29.14 ab
	GneN	39.53±1.00 a	566.00±25.87 a	34.16±3.80 a	31.08±1.99 a	424.33±16.44 ab
	HumN	39.10±0.60 a	555.00±21.00 a	34.78±2.26 a	29.92±2.83 a	456.33±59.94 a
	LCN2	39.43±0.06 a	563.00±7.55 a	35.79±0.31 a	31.07±1.02 a	456.33±16.65 a
	CMN	37.47±0.25 ab	532.00±51.29 a	40.70±0.90 ab	29.87±2.08 ab	470.67±18.90 a
	ConN+M	37.83±1.82 ab	546.00±15.87 a	36.24±1.68 ab	30.65±1.52 ab	439.00±21.93 ab
2020	N0	38.87±2.83 b	481.00±13.86 d	12.43±2.50 b	24.54±0.46 b	413.13±14.95 b
	ConN	46.33±1.11 a	497.00±19.97 d	29.12±2.32 a	30.17±1.74 a	469.03±22.78 ab
	LCN	45.30±2.34 a	751.00±20.42 a	28.78±1.33 a	28.99±2.24 a	561.37±63.31 a
	GneN	45.67±1.65 a	748.00±34.12 a	27.60±1.73 a	30.48±2.50 a	513.17±91.78 ab
	HumN	47.30±0.20 a	652.00±48.50 b	26.98±2.20 a	29.93±0.51 a	510.90±84.45 ab
	LCN2	45.67±2.70 a	579.00±19.67 c	28.77±1.69 a	32.59±1.11 a	486.97±54.04 ab
	CMN	46.13±1.57 a	602.00±66.09 bc	26.83±0.20 a	29.10±1.44 a	506.00±28.19 ab
	ConN+M	47.53±0.59 a	500.00±18.33 d	29.62±2.55 a	27.66±3.44 a	497.27±37.16 ab
2021	N0	34.33±0.99 d	471.00±23.43 d	19.67±2.08 d	31.18±1.21 d	437.93±23.19 a
	ConN	37.57±1.43 a aabc	543.00±16.70 c	33.67±2.52 abc	36.63±2.06 abc	439.33±7.76 a
	LCN	38.87±0.95 a	745.00±9.17 a	38.00±2.65 a	36.25±1.43 a	467.87±60.07 a
	GneN	39.20±1.15 a	768.00±22.65 a	40.33±4.51 a	33.89±0.22 a	450.93±68.02 a
	HumN	38.43±0.70 ab	691.00±43.09 b	38.33±2.52 ab	33.06±0.20 ab	448.13±17.93 a
	LCN2	39.17±0.59 a	587.00±46.89 c	35.67±2.08 a	34.55±0.95 a	488.13±36.84 a
	CMN	37.13±0.40 ab	583.00±24.98 c	37.67±1.53 ab	37.68±1.54 ab	465.00±17.76 a
	ConN+M	36.50±0.70 c	550.00±40.95 c	35.33±1.53 c	32.27±3.15 c	471.33±22.29 a