Effects of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Rice Yield, Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization and Root Morphology

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0401

Abstract

Abstract:

To solve the problems of resource waste and environmental pollution caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizers, and promote the sustainable agricultural development, a field experiment was conducted. Four treatments were set as PK (P and K fertilizers only, control), NPK (conventional fertilization), 1/2NPKM (50% fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer application) and M (organic fertilizer alone), to study the effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency and rice root morphology. The results showed that the yield of treatment NPK and 1/2NPKM were significantly increased by 29.53% and 27.58% compared with that of treatment PK, and by 22.11% and 20.28% compared with that of treatment M, respectively. Compared with treatment PK, treatment NPK significantly increased plant height and panicle length by 13.85% and 8.17% respectively, treatment NPK and treatment 1/2NPKM significantly increased the effective panicle number by 37.19% and 26.18% respectively, and treatment M had the highest 1000-grain weight. The accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen in each treatment increased with the growth period. Compared with the treatment M, treatment 1/2NPKM significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of rice at tillering stage, heading stage and maturity stage by 36.34%, 31.85% and 22.50% respectively, and increased the nitrogen accumulation of rice by 68.24%, 73.82% and 46.67% respectively. The N utilization rate of treatment 1/2NPKM was 6.74, 5.01 and 8.61 times that of treatment M at tillering stage, heading stage and maturity stage. Different fertilization treatments had significant impact on rice morphology. Compared with treatment M, treatment 1/2NPKM significantly increased the root length, root surface area and root volume of at tillering stage by 62.79%, 51.92% and 57.28%, respectively, increased the root volume at heading stage by 18.52%, and significantly decreased the root length and root surface area at maturity stage by 29.93% and 18.70%, respectively. In conclusion, compared with treatment NPK, 50% reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer ensured rice yield, but reduced nitrogen use efficiency and root growth. The results of this study have certain guiding significance for rational chemical fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer application in yellow soil paddy fields of Guizhou Province.

Key words: combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers, rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency, rice root, yellow soil

MEI Tingting, WANG Xiaoli, DUAN Jianjun, YANG Hongwei, XU Bin, MENG Ruoxi, ZHANG Liwu. Effects of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Rice Yield, Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization and Root Morphology[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(15): 92-98.

Figures/Tables 7

References 36

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处理	株高/cm	穗长/cm	有效穗数/(×10⁴/hm²)	结实率/%	千粒重/g
PK	88.99±1.60b	25.34±0.95b	236.78±5.21b	87.40±0.65a	23.24±0.30c
NPK	101.32±1.70 a	27.41±0.50a	304.85±19.93a	83.06±5.44a	24.08±0.12b
1/2NPKM	94.51±6.05b	25.93±0.53b	298.76±4.23a	83.14±3.66a	23.95±0.28b
M	91.94±1.47b	26.22± 0.15b	236.02±3.22b	84.51±6.69a	24.58±0.26a

处理	株高/cm	穗长/cm	有效穗数/(×10⁴/hm²)	结实率/%	千粒重/g
PK	88.99±1.60b	25.34±0.95b	236.78±5.21b	87.40±0.65a	23.24±0.30c
NPK	101.32±1.70 a	27.41±0.50a	304.85±19.93a	83.06±5.44a	24.08±0.12b
1/2NPKM	94.51±6.05b	25.93±0.53b	298.76±4.23a	83.14±3.66a	23.95±0.28b
M	91.94±1.47b	26.22± 0.15b	236.02±3.22b	84.51±6.69a	24.58±0.26a

时期	处理	根长/(cm/株)	根表面积/(cm²/株)	根平均直径/mm	根体积/(cm³/株)
分蘖期	PK	412.43±4.91b	138.24±3.80b	1.08±0.11a	3.81±0.29ab
	NPK	521.05±4.96a	158.72±1.61a	1.01±0.08a	4.03±0.71a
	1/2NPKM	430.87±18.33b	128.34±2.74c	1.02±0.13a	3.24±0.06b
	M	264.68±11.80c	84.48±3.02 d	1.01±0.08a	2.06±0.02c
抽穗期	PK	304.65±6.22b	119.80±7.82b	1.25±0.06ab	3.79±0.04b
	NPK	418.32±5.52a	144.38±6.71a	1.13±0.07b	4.12±0.02a
	1/2NPKM	310.39±24.06b	126.84±5.14b	1.29±0.07a	4.16±0.03a
	M	320.23±8.31b	118.40±0.74b	1.18±0.05ab	3.51±0.23c
成熟期	PK	194.25±16.51a	67.24±0.86b	1.11±0.13b	1.89±0.28b
	NPK	173.25± 4.66b	73.41±0.53a	1.36±0.13a	2.52±0.35a
	1/2NPKM	137.64±8.91c	51.68±1.62d	1.18±0.15ab	1.60±0.28b
	M	196.44±4.45a	63.57±0.99c	1.03±0.03b	1.66±0.09b

时期	处理	根长/(cm/株)	根表面积/(cm²/株)	根平均直径/mm	根体积/(cm³/株)
分蘖期	PK	412.43±4.91b	138.24±3.80b	1.08±0.11a	3.81±0.29ab
	NPK	521.05±4.96a	158.72±1.61a	1.01±0.08a	4.03±0.71a
	1/2NPKM	430.87±18.33b	128.34±2.74c	1.02±0.13a	3.24±0.06b
	M	264.68±11.80c	84.48±3.02 d	1.01±0.08a	2.06±0.02c
抽穗期	PK	304.65±6.22b	119.80±7.82b	1.25±0.06ab	3.79±0.04b
	NPK	418.32±5.52a	144.38±6.71a	1.13±0.07b	4.12±0.02a
	1/2NPKM	310.39±24.06b	126.84±5.14b	1.29±0.07a	4.16±0.03a
	M	320.23±8.31b	118.40±0.74b	1.18±0.05ab	3.51±0.23c
成熟期	PK	194.25±16.51a	67.24±0.86b	1.11±0.13b	1.89±0.28b
	NPK	173.25± 4.66b	73.41±0.53a	1.36±0.13a	2.52±0.35a
	1/2NPKM	137.64±8.91c	51.68±1.62d	1.18±0.15ab	1.60±0.28b
	M	196.44±4.45a	63.57±0.99c	1.03±0.03b	1.66±0.09b