Abstract:

Aiming at the shortage of Astragalus resources in Ningnan mountainous area, shallow soil ploughing depth, soil salinisation, yield decline and other problems, the paper studied the effects of chalk ploughing on soil nutrients, morphological characteristics, yield and product quality of Mongolian Astragalus, to provide technical support for its large-scale and scientific production. A randomised block design was adopted, and three treatments were set, namely, deep pine ploughing at a depth of 40 cm (CK1), traditional rotary ploughing at a depth of 20 cm (CK2), and smash ridging tillage at a depth of 20 cm (FL1), to determine the effects of the different treatments on the soil nutrients, morphological characteristics of the plant, product quality, fertilizer utilization and yield of Astragalus, respectively. The results showed that compared to the CK2, the alkaline nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium and organic matter of FL1 increased by 3.14%, 25.15%, 18.02% and 3.7%, respectively, and the main root coarseness of FL1 increased by 1.07 mm and the main root length increased by 26.16 cm. The dry and fresh weight of the yield of FL1 reached 4200.15 kg/hm² and 13600.65 kg/hm², respectively, and CK2 had the lowest yields of 3200.1 kg/hm² and 9500.55 kg/hm², and the fresh weight yield of FL1 was 43.15% higher than that of CK2, and the net income of FL1 was 34504.5 Yuan/hm², which was 144.67% higher than that of CK2. Smash ridging tillage can improve the nutrient growth environment of Astragalus, promote plant growth, facilitate the increase of root length and root thickness, improve the yield and quality, and enhance the economic benefits. Smash ridging tillage has a certain positive effect on soil quality improvement of Chinese herbal medicine in semi-arid areas.

Key words: Ningnan mountainous area, astragalus, smash ridging tillage, morphological characteristics, soil nutrients, fertilizer utilization, yield