Application of Molecular Breeding Technology in Genetic Improvement of Brassica Crops

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0487

Abstract

Abstract:

This study reviews the application of molecular breeding technologies for genetically improving Brassica crops. It focuses on three hybrid seed production systems: Genic Male Sterility (GMS), Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS), and Self-Incompatibility (SI). The work details how CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing enables targeted development of GMS systems—such as creating double mutants of genes like DAD1, BnaMS1, BnaMS2, and OPR3 or thermosensitive two-line systems. For CMS systems, fertility restoration is achieved by knocking out genes like orf138. Novel SI parental lines are created by editing genes such as BnS6-Smi2, BoSP11, and Exo84c. Molecular markers based on sterility genes (orf224/atp6, orf222, orf138) allow precise identification of three cytoplasmic types (Pol, Nap, Ogu, etc.) in Brassica napus. These technologies significantly enhance heterosis utilization efficiency by enabling precise creation of sterile lines and efficient selection of elite germplasm. This facilitates breeding of new cultivars with high yield, superior quality, and stress resistance. Future research directions include: (1) In-depth exploration of the functions of mitochondrial genes associated with CMS; (2) Optimization of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated strategies for coordinated multi-gene editing; (3) Integration of multi-omics data with artificial intelligence algorithms for hybrid combination prediction; (4) Development of novel techniques for creating transgene-free self-compatible lines. This study provides a theoretical foundation and technical support for overcoming bottlenecks in traditional breeding and advancing precision breeding in Brassica crops.

Key words: Brassica, male sterility line, self-incompatibility line, genetic improvement, gene editing, molecular marker-assisted breeding

WU Shifan, FU Jingyan, LIU Luhong, LUO Tian, WANG Rui. Application of Molecular Breeding Technology in Genetic Improvement of Brassica Crops[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(21): 51-57.

Figures/Tables 3

References 66

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名称	基因	物种	参考文献
Polima CMS	orf224	甘蓝型油菜、青花菜、白菜	[18]
Nap CMS	orf222	甘蓝型油菜、白菜	[19]
Ogura CMS	orf138	甘蓝型油菜、甘蓝、芥菜型油菜	[20]、[21]、[22]、[23]、[24]、[25]
Kosena CMS	orf125	油菜	[26]
Tour CMS	orf263	芥菜型油菜	[27]
Hua CMS	orf288	芥菜型油菜、白菜、榨菜、包心芥菜	[28]、[29]
Nigra CMS	-	甘蓝	[30]
Oxa CMS	-	芥菜型油菜	[31]
Nsa CMS	orf346	甘蓝型油菜	[32]、[33]
NCa CMS		甘蓝型油菜	[34]
Mor CMS		芥菜型油菜	[35]
Shan 2A		甘蓝型油菜	[36]
SaNa-1A		甘蓝型油菜	[37]
Neau CMS		大白菜	[38]
Bel CMS	orf112	甘蓝	[39]

名称	基因	物种	参考文献
Polima CMS	orf224	甘蓝型油菜、青花菜、白菜	[18]
Nap CMS	orf222	甘蓝型油菜、白菜	[19]
Ogura CMS	orf138	甘蓝型油菜、甘蓝、芥菜型油菜	[20]、[21]、[22]、[23]、[24]、[25]
Kosena CMS	orf125	油菜	[26]
Tour CMS	orf263	芥菜型油菜	[27]
Hua CMS	orf288	芥菜型油菜、白菜、榨菜、包心芥菜	[28]、[29]
Nigra CMS	-	甘蓝	[30]
Oxa CMS	-	芥菜型油菜	[31]
Nsa CMS	orf346	甘蓝型油菜	[32]、[33]
NCa CMS		甘蓝型油菜	[34]
Mor CMS		芥菜型油菜	[35]
Shan 2A		甘蓝型油菜	[36]
SaNa-1A		甘蓝型油菜	[37]
Neau CMS		大白菜	[38]
Bel CMS	orf112	甘蓝	[39]