Abstract:

The green development of agriculture is the key for building a strong agricultural nation and aligns with global trends. This study examines major developed economics, including the United States, the European Union, and Japan, reviewing their progress in agricultural green development. Focusing on cutting-edge policy reforms and technological innovation directions, it summarizes key characteristics and lessons from their experiences. In the US, challenges revolve around climate change adaptation and carbon reduction, and its policy reform takes into account environmental protection and agricultural production, with the goal of improving the adaptability of agricultural climate change. The EU confronts significant biodiversity loss, with recent policies emphasizing ecological restoration even at the expense of crop yields. Japan prioritizes stabilizing high-quality food production amidst climate variability through green agricultural policies centered on mitigating extreme weather impacts. These regions have developed distinct agricultural green technology innovation models: the US focuses on biotechnology, the EU adopts nature-based solutions, while Japan emphasizes information technology and decarbonization efforts. Despite progress during ‘14th Five-Year Plan’ in China, gaps remain in terms of R&D investment, cutting-edge technology, and policy effectiveness compared to these countries. To bridge these gaps, China should refine its green development metrics, optimize green subsidy mechanisms, enhance industry chain collaboration, and accelerate the commercialization of technological innovations.

Key words: the green development of agriculture, policy frontiers, technological innovation, international comparison