Abstract:

With the continuous expansion of facility agriculture in China, the research and application of electric agricultural machinery have become a hotspot in the agricultural field. Mechanization and intelligence have become important trends in the development of modern facility agriculture. This study aims to comprehensively review electric agricultural machinery and equipment used in facilities, analyze its technical characteristics, application fields, and research progress, and propose improvement suggestions for existing shortcomings in its development, so as to promote the further advancement and industrial improvement of electric machinery and equipment for facility agriculture in China. By reviewing existing research findings, this study systematically analyzes the production system of intelligent electric agricultural machinery for facility agriculture, with a focus on six key generic technologies: energy management of battery systems, high-efficiency drive technology of hub motors, coordinated control of multi-power output, stable travel technology of electric drive chassis, environment perception and autonomous navigation technology, and multi-machine cooperative operation technology. Meanwhile, in view of current shortcomings in power batteries, electric drive systems, environmental perception, and attitude control, the study proposes directions for optimization. The research shows that electric agricultural machinery used in facilities, through automation and intelligent technologies, can efficiently perform various tasks such as planting, harvesting, spraying, fertilization, and weeding, significantly improving the efficiency, accuracy, and sustainability of agricultural production. However, there are still technical bottlenecks in power battery endurance, electric drive system stability, environmental perception accuracy, and attitude control, which restrict further promotion and application. In order to accelerate the development and industrial improvement of electric facility agricultural equipment in China, this study proposes suggestions from the perspectives of integration of agronomy and agricultural machinery, integration of production, education, research and application, interdisciplinary integration, breakthroughs in key generic technologies, construction of basic supporting infrastructure, and establishment of a standard system. Future research should focus on technological shortcomings and promote collaborative innovation across multiple fields to achieve comprehensive upgrades and widespread application of electric agricultural equipment in facilities.

Key words: facility agriculture, electric machinery, key technologies, development trends