Effects of Straw Returning on Soil Properties and Wheat Yield in Rice-wheat Rotation Area

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0367

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of rice straw returning on soil fertility enhancement and wheat yield in a rice-wheat rotation system, a field plot experiment was conducted. This study examined the correlations among soil aggregate structure, chemical properties, and wheat yield in the 0-20 cm topsoil layer under different straw incorporation methods and two decomposer treatments: 1/3 straw incorporation (JB), 1/3 straw incorporation with decomposer (JBF₁ and JBF₂), full straw incorporation (JQ), and full straw incorporation with decomposer (JQF₁and JQF₂). The results showed that, compared with JB, JQ or treatments with decomposer (JBF₁ and JBF₂) significantly increased the proportion of water-stable macroaggregates (>0.25 mm), aggregate stability indicators (R_0.25), mean weight diameter (MWD), and geometric mean diameter (GMD). Simultaneously, JQ or treatments with decomposer (JBF₁ and JBF₂) significantly enhanced soil electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), and available potassium (AK) compared to JB. The increase in soil OM was primarily associated with higher levels of heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), and readily oxidizable carbon (ROC). Compared to 1/3 or full straw incorporation alone, applying decomposer increased wheat yield by 16.8%-26.4% and 10.1%-20.6%, respectively, with the JQF1 treatment achieving the highest wheat yield. It was found that under the condition of full returning to the field, the effect of Hubei decomposer (JQF₁) was significantly better than that of Shandong decomposer (JQF₂), which significantly increased the content of >0.25 mm macroaggregates by 8.3% and wheat yield by 5.2% compared with JQF₂ (P<0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that wheat yield was significantly influenced by the proportion of >0.25 mm aggregates, aggregate stability, and the contents of soil OM, TN, and AN. In conclusion, straw incorporation combined with decomposer application achieved a synergistic effect of soil fertility improvement and crop yield increase. Specifically, the content of soil > 0.25 mm macroaggregates, OM and AN increased by 15.2 %, 8.7 % and 10.3 %, and the wheat yield increased by 12.5 %, respectively, compared with JB treatment. Straw incorporation combined with decomposer application is a suitable farming practice for rice-wheat rotation areas.

Key words: straw returning, decomposer, aggregate, soil chemical property, organic carbon components, yield

WU Jia, SHANG Xiaolan, HONG Chunlai, YAO Yanlai, ZHOU Ying, ZHU Weijing. Effects of Straw Returning on Soil Properties and Wheat Yield in Rice-wheat Rotation Area[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(30): 122-130.

Figures/Tables 7

References 32

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处理	秸秆还田量	腐熟剂用量	碳氮比
JB	1/3还田，3000 kg/hm²	—	—
JBF₁	1/3还田，3000 kg/hm²	湖北产，30 kg/hm²	3.5 kg尿素调节适宜C/N
JBF₂	1/3还田，3000 kg/hm²	山东产，45 kg/hm²	3.5 kg尿素调节适宜C/N
JQ	全量还田，9000 kg/hm²	—	—
JQF₁	全量还田，9000 kg/hm²	湖北产，30 kg/hm²	10.5 kg尿素调节适宜C/N
JQF₂	全量还田，9000 kg/hm²	山东产，45 kg/hm²	10.5 kg尿素调节适宜C/N

处理	秸秆还田量	腐熟剂用量	碳氮比
JB	1/3还田，3000 kg/hm²	—	—
JBF₁	1/3还田，3000 kg/hm²	湖北产，30 kg/hm²	3.5 kg尿素调节适宜C/N
JBF₂	1/3还田，3000 kg/hm²	山东产，45 kg/hm²	3.5 kg尿素调节适宜C/N
JQ	全量还田，9000 kg/hm²	—	—
JQF₁	全量还田，9000 kg/hm²	湖北产，30 kg/hm²	10.5 kg尿素调节适宜C/N
JQF₂	全量还田，9000 kg/hm²	山东产，45 kg/hm²	10.5 kg尿素调节适宜C/N

处理	R_0.25/%	平均重量直径/mm	几何平均直径/mm
JB	62.59±7.37b	0.75±0.07b	0.46±0.07b
JBF₁	79.86±4.35a	0.92±0.05a	0.69±0.11a
JBF₂	83.48±2.11a	0.96±0.02a	0.78±0.01a
JQ	80.78±7.27a	0.93±0.07a	0.72±0.12a
JQF₁	81.02±0.06a	0.94±0.00a	0.72±0.04a
JQF₂	80.41±4.60a	0.93±0.05a	0.74±0.08a

处理	R_0.25/%	平均重量直径/mm	几何平均直径/mm
JB	62.59±7.37b	0.75±0.07b	0.46±0.07b
JBF₁	79.86±4.35a	0.92±0.05a	0.69±0.11a
JBF₂	83.48±2.11a	0.96±0.02a	0.78±0.01a
JQ	80.78±7.27a	0.93±0.07a	0.72±0.12a
JQF₁	81.02±0.06a	0.94±0.00a	0.72±0.04a
JQF₂	80.41±4.60a	0.93±0.05a	0.74±0.08a