Evaluation of Heavy Metal Enrichment and Correlation in Paddy Soil and Rice in Sichuan Basin

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0509

Abstract

Abstract:

To study the environmental pollution of paddy fields in a region of Sichuan, this paper focused on paddy soil and rice as the main research objects. A total of 216 soil and rice samples were collected from the area, and the heavy metal pollutants in soil and rice in the study area were evaluated by testing the content of eight heavy metal elements, namely arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury, copper, zinc and nickel in soil, and the content of five heavy metals, namely arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, and mercury in rice, using the single-factor pollutant index method and the Nemero composite pollutant index method, as well as performing the quantitative analysis of the association between various heavy metal elements in soil and rice. The results showed that: (1) the average content of cadmium and mercury in the soil of this study area was 0.47 and 0.98 mg/kg, respectively, which exceeded the standard, and their exceedance rates were 27.78% and 34.26%, respectively. The combined pollution index of Nemero in this study area was 1.11 mg/kg and the pollution level was mild. (2) There were significant correlations between the eight elements in the soil and the pathways of heavy metal accumulation might be the same. The coefficient of variation of soil Hg was 163.20%, which was highly variable, indicating that local pollution sources had a strong influence on heavy metals in soil, and the exceeding of Hg content in soil was mainly anthropogenic. (3) Cadmium, chromium and lead in rice had exceeded the standards, with exceedance rates of 19.44%, 3.70% and 19.44%, respectively. The study shows that the degree of heavy metal enrichment in rice has some correlation with soil heavy metal content and is related to the chemical form of heavy metals. It has certain guiding significance for food safety and heavy metal pollution remediation and treatment.

Key words: Sichuan Basin, soil, rice, heavy metals, Nemero composite pollution index, correlation

HUANG Miao, YANG Guotao, DIAO Yan, ZHANG Lei, YAN Yu, LI Yu, XU Wei, YANG Liang. Evaluation of Heavy Metal Enrichment and Correlation in Paddy Soil and Rice in Sichuan Basin[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(5): 103-109.

Figures/Tables 7

References 30

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指标范围		污染等级	污染程度	污染水平
P_i≤0.7	P_N<0.7	Ⅰ	安全	清洁
0.7<P_i≤1.0	0.7<P_N≤1.0	Ⅱ	警戒限	尚清洁
1.0<P_i≤2.0	1.0<P_N≤2.0	Ⅲ	轻度污染	作物开始受到污染
2.0<P_i≤3.0	2.0<P_N≤3.0	Ⅳ	中度污染	作物受到中度污染
P_i>3.0	P_N>3.0	Ⅴ	重度污染	作物受到重度污染

指标范围		污染等级	污染程度	污染水平
P_i≤0.7	P_N<0.7	Ⅰ	安全	清洁
0.7<P_i≤1.0	0.7<P_N≤1.0	Ⅱ	警戒限	尚清洁
1.0<P_i≤2.0	1.0<P_N≤2.0	Ⅲ	轻度污染	作物开始受到污染
2.0<P_i≤3.0	2.0<P_N≤3.0	Ⅳ	中度污染	作物受到中度污染
P_i>3.0	P_N>3.0	Ⅴ	重度污染	作物受到重度污染

统计指标	pH		砷/(mg/kg)	镉/(mg/kg)	铬/(mg/kg)	汞/(mg/kg)	铅/(mg/kg)	铜/(mg/kg)	锌/(mg/kg)	镍/(mg/kg)
均值	7.34		10.02	0.47	64.84	0.98	15.56	41.42	122.94	39.49
极小值	6.84		4.37	0.03	34.00	0.03	7.54	18.00	69.00	19.00
极大值	7.77		15.94	1.07	289.00	9.05	34.00	70.00	187.00	58.00
标准差	0.22		2.40	0.23	26.99	1.59	4.78	13.48	26.99	9.20
变异系数/%	3.00		23.94	48.10	41.60	163.20	30.70	32.60	21.90	23.30
超标个数	—		0.00	30.00	0.00	37.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
超标率/%	—		0.00	27.78	0.00	34.26	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
四川省土壤背景值	—		10.40	0.08	79.00	0.06	30.90	31.10	86.50	32.60
GB15618—2018风险筛选值(6.5<pH≤7.5)	—		25.00	0.60	300.00	0.60	140.00	200.00	250.00	100.00
GB15618—2018风险筛选值(pH>7.5)	—	20.00		0.80	350.00	1.00	240.00	200.00	300.00		190.00

统计指标	pH		砷/(mg/kg)	镉/(mg/kg)	铬/(mg/kg)	汞/(mg/kg)	铅/(mg/kg)	铜/(mg/kg)	锌/(mg/kg)	镍/(mg/kg)
均值	7.34		10.02	0.47	64.84	0.98	15.56	41.42	122.94	39.49
极小值	6.84		4.37	0.03	34.00	0.03	7.54	18.00	69.00	19.00
极大值	7.77		15.94	1.07	289.00	9.05	34.00	70.00	187.00	58.00
标准差	0.22		2.40	0.23	26.99	1.59	4.78	13.48	26.99	9.20
变异系数/%	3.00		23.94	48.10	41.60	163.20	30.70	32.60	21.90	23.30
超标个数	—		0.00	30.00	0.00	37.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
超标率/%	—		0.00	27.78	0.00	34.26	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
四川省土壤背景值	—		10.40	0.08	79.00	0.06	30.90	31.10	86.50	32.60
GB15618—2018风险筛选值(6.5<pH≤7.5)	—		25.00	0.60	300.00	0.60	140.00	200.00	250.00	100.00
GB15618—2018风险筛选值(pH>7.5)	—	20.00		0.80	350.00	1.00	240.00	200.00	300.00		190.00

统计指标	砷	镉	铬	汞	铅
均值/(mg/kg)	0.07	0.14	0.32	0.00	0.13
极小值/(mg/kg)	0.02	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00
极大值/(mg/kg)	0.16	0.75	1.85	0.01	1.55
标准差	0.03	0.13	0.30	0.00	0.20
变异系数/%	41.40	94.40	94.30	105.60	147.50
超标个数	0	21	4	0	21
超标率/%	0	19.44	3.70	0	19.44
标准限值	0.5	0.2	1	0.02	0.2
差值	-0.43	-0.06	-0.68	-0.02	-0.07