Current issue

• 2025 Vol.41 No.5 Published:15 February 2025

  Stability Analysis of A New Japonica rice ‘Yunjing 37’ with Good Eating Quality ZHAO Guozhen, LIU Weihua, LIU Siyu, DONG Linbo, LI Lindong, CHEN Yumin 2025, 41 (5):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0177 Abstract + ( 76 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1164KB )   ( 47 ) The yield and agronomic traits of rice are affected by the cultivation environment and their adaptability, and the varieties with wide adaptability are less affected by the cultivation environment. This study aims to clarify the adaptability of ‘Yunjing 37’, a new japonica rice variety with good eating quality. The stability of yield and agronomic traits of ‘Yunjing 37’ and control varieties were analyzed by AMMI model, which planted in 6 sites in Yunnan Province for two consecutive years. All traits showed highly significant differences between varieties and environment, along with significant interaction effects between varieties and environment. Based on the stability parameters ASV, Di, WAASBi, the grain number, seed setting, 1000-weight, plant height, length and angle of the flag leaf, which were closely related to yield and plant type, ‘Yunjing 37’ showed the best stability among the four varieties. This indicates that different environmental conditions have relatively little influence on the yield and plant type of ‘Yunjing 37’. Therefore, ‘Yunjing 37’ has wide adaptability and is suitable for widespread application in Yunnan japonica rice area.

  Effect of Maize and Peanut Intercropping on Crop and Soil Characteristics SUN Guangtao, BAO Guirong, TAI Jicheng, SA Rula, LIU Naijia, YU Miao, LI Anning 2025, 41 (5):  7-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0290 Abstract + ( 63 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1289KB )   ( 21 ) In order to study the influence of maize-peanut intercropping on crop and soil characteristics, this paper sets up the root separation test of corn and peanut potted plants to study the influence of maize and peanut intercropping on crop agronomic traits, physiological activities, soil microorganisms, soil enzyme activity and soil rapid nutrients. The results showed that maize-peanut intercropping affected the morphological and physiological indexes of crops. Plant height and relative chlorophyll content of peanut were increased by 71.4% and 11.3%, but root length, root weight and leaf weight were not significantly affected. Plant height, leaf fresh weight and root length of maize were increased by 43.9%, 122% and 45.6%, respectively. But there was no significant effect on the relative content of chlorophyll. Maize-peanut intercropping improved plant stress resistance, increased SOD and POD activities of peanut leaves by 66.7% and 129%, and decreased MDA content of peanut roots by 19.8%, respectively. The activities of SOD in leaves and roots of maize were increased by 39.9% and 17.0%, respectively, while MDA content in roots decreased by 61%. Maize-peanut intercropping changed soil available nutrient content, decreased peanut soil available N by 79.5%, but increased soil available P by 11.5%, and had no effect on soil available K content. It had no effect on maize soil available N and K, but decreased soil available P by 9.4%. Maize-peanut intercropping affected soil biological characteristics and increased soil enzyme activities, especially the alkaline phosphates activity. The soil alkaline phosphates activity in peanut and maize fields increased by 122% and 330%, respectively. The Maize-peanut intercropping could improve soil microenvironment and physiological activities of leaves and roots in seedling stage.

  Photosynthetic Characteristics of BC3F1 Lines of Intergeneric Hybrids Between Erianthus arundinaceus and Saccharum CAI Weijun, HE Yongding, LI Hongbo, ZHAO Xiaofeng, SHEN Wankuan 2025, 41 (5):  13-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0647 Abstract + ( 53 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1473KB )   ( 19 ) In order to evaluate the photosynthetic characteristics of the BC3F1 lines derived from intergeneric hybrids between Erianthus arundinaceus and Saccharum, 14 BC3F1 lines bred by the sugarcane research laboratory of South China Agricultural University were used as experimental materials. Chlorophyll and photosynthetic instruments were used to measure the chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance (Gs), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (Tr) of sugarcane leaves in one-year new planting and one-year ratoon field experiments. The results showed that the leaf chlorophyll content, Gs, Pn and Tr of 14 BC3F1 lines and the control (Liucheng 05-136) showed an upward trend at seedling stage, tillering stage and jointing stage, while the Ci showed a downward trend with the development of growth stage. Among them, the chlorophyll content, Gs, Pn and Tr of new planting and ratoon of five lines (HE15-30, HE15-71, HE15-77, HE15-61 and HE15-63) were higher than CK at three growth stages, while Ci was lower than CK. In summary, this study identified five BC3F1 lines with excellent photosynthetic characteristics, providing a pathway for the innovation of sugarcane high photosynthetic efficiency germplasm or parents.

  Genetic Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Main Agronomic and Economic Characters of Mung Bean Germplasm Resources in Hebei Province ZHAO Fang, GAO Yunqing, GAO Shaobin, ZHENG Lizhen, LI Shutong, SHANG Qibing, XU Dongxu, GUAN Xiangyu 2025, 41 (5):  23-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0260 Abstract + ( 53 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1254KB )   ( 15 ) The study aims to explore the rational application of mung bean germplasm resources and lay the foundation for the breeding of mung bean varieties. Using 25 mung bean germplasms from the main mung bean producing areas in Hebei Province in recent years as experimental materials, genetic diversity analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis were conducted on 10 major agronomic and economic traits. The results showed that the coefficient of variation for 10 agronomic and economic traits ranged from 2.12% to 16.57%, with the highest coefficients of variation observed for the number of main stem nodes (16.57%) and the entire growth period (12.82%). According to the correlation analysis, there was a significant positive correlation between individual grain yield, hundred grain weight, and yield; the yield of grains per plant was significantly positively correlated with the number of grains per pod (P<0.01), and significantly positively correlated with the length of a single pod and the weight of one hundred grains. Cluster analysis showed that 25 materials were divided into 6 groups, among which Group I (7 samples) and Group VI (3 samples) had significantly higher yield, hundred grain weight, and pod length traits than other groups, and could be used as parent materials for high-yield mung bean introduction or hybrid breeding. Principal component analysis concentrated 10 agronomic and economic trait indicators into 3 principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 70.16%, which could effectively explain the total variation of mung bean agronomic traits. The second principal component was closely related to pod length and 100 grain weight, with a contribution rate of 23.563%. Research has found that 25 mung bean germplasm resources had great potential for variation. Comprehensive evaluation using multiple analysis methods shows that ‘Yingge 2’, ‘Jilv HN0802-1-2-1-1-4’, ‘Zhanglv 2’, ‘Jilv 0911-1-2’, and ‘Langlv 2’ can be used as excellent parental materials for breeding.

  Genome-Wide Identification and Bioinformatics Analysis of DELLAs Gene Family in Longan WU Kaitong, HUANG Shilian, WANG Jing, LI Jianguang, GUO Dongliang 2025, 41 (5):  30-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0072 Abstract + ( 63 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 2090KB )   ( 19 ) The DELLA proteins act as the major negative regulatory protein involved in the gibberellin signaling pathway, and they play an important role in plant-environment interactions and the regulation of plant growth and development. In order to explore the structural characteristics and functions of the longan DELLA gene family, this study performed genome-wide identification and bioinformatics analysis of the longan DELLA gene family (named DlDELLA). Based on the 'Jidanben' longan genome and transcriptome data published in our previous study, 10 DlDELLAs were identified, which were distributed on seven different chromosomes and all contained conserved DELLA domains. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that DlDELLAs were located in the nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplast and endoplasmic reticulum. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the 10 DlDELLA proteins were divided into five subfamilies. Cis-acting element analysis showed that the promoter region of DlDELLA genes contained several elements relevant to light response, hormone response, stress response and plant development. The expression analysis revealed significant variations in the expression levels of DlDELLAs among different organs. Most DlDELLA family members were expressed in seeds, roots, stems and flowers, while DlDELLA5 was only expressed in leaves, DlDELLA9 was only expressed in seeds, and DlDELLA10 was only expressed in roots. The above studies enhance our understanding of the DlDELLA gene family in longan and provide theoretical guidance and reference for the study on the function of DlDELLA genes.

  Genetic Analysis of Protein Content in Vicia faba L. Seeds CHEN Zhikai, HOU Wanwei, ZHOU Xianli, TAO Wei, ZHENG Dong, ZHANG Jinfa 2025, 41 (5):  39-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0103 Abstract + ( 47 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1211KB )   ( 7 ) In order to guarantee the supply of high-quality plant protein in temperate regions and accelerate the selection and breeding of high-protein faba bean varieties, the genetic law of protein content of faba bean was analyzed. An F2 population was constructed with the high-protein content material 'Sheep's Eye Bean' (H0001860) as the father and the low-protein content material 'Big Grain Bean' (H0004518) as the mother, and the genetic analysis of faba bean protein content was carried out by using the Dumas combustion nitrogen determination method and the main gene+multigene hybrid model. The optimal genetic model for protein content of faba bean was 2MG-EA (2 pairs of equal additive principal genes) model, and the additive effect value da(d) of the 2 pairs of equal additive principal genes model was 1.7238, and the additive effect showed a positive effect. The genetic variance of the main gene was 2.4817, and the heritability of the main gene was high (62.0286%). The optimum genetic model for protein content of faba bean is 2 pairs of equal additive main gene model, and genetic improvement of protein content of faba bean should be carried out in early segregating generations.

  Cloning of PvLEA Gene in Snap Bean and Identification of Salt Tolerance Function LIU Chang, ZHANG Yu, LI Mengyu, FENG Guojun, LIU Dajun, YANG Xiaoxu, YAN Zhishan 2025, 41 (5):  44-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0284 Abstract + ( 47 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1440KB )   ( 5 ) The aims are to meet the new challenge of soil salinization to global agriculture, explore salt tolerance genes in snap beans, and improve their salt tolerance. Using the salt tolerant variety P19023 of snap beans as the test material, the PvLEA (Phvul. 008G228100) gene was cloned and its expression characteristics were analyzed, and a PvLEA overexpression strain was created on the background of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0. The salt tolerance related physiological indicators of the transgenic strain were identified. The results showed that PvLEA gene could be induced to express under salt stress. Compared with wild plants, PvLEA overexpression plants increased root length by 95.83%, biomass by 34.07%, SOD activity by 99.47%, POD activity by 112.58%, CAT activity by 28.57%, proline content by 811.02%, ASA content by 113.33%, MDA content by 55.4% under salt stress. These results indicated that PvLEA played a positive regulatory role in salt tolerance, which provided a theoretical basis for further study and breeding of new salt tolerant varieties of snap beans.

  Clone and Functional Characterization of Strigolactone Receptor Gene in Arundo donax L. CHEN Yuchao, GUO Shenghu, TIAN Li, Zhong Nan, YANG Jianguo, GAN Xiaoyan 2025, 41 (5):  50-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0208 Abstract + ( 52 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1840KB )   ( 83 ) In order to explore the molecular mechanism of the regulation of tiller in Arundo donax L., we cloned AdD14, a SL receptor gene in Arundo donax L., and conducted bioinformatics analysis and gene function verification. The SL receptor gene AdD14 (Genbank login number: OR915727) was homologous cloned from Arundo donax L. seedlings. ExPASy, MEGA and other software were used for bioinformatics analysis of the genes. The function of the gene was verified by the method of in vitro catalysis of the prokaryotic expression protein. The results showed that the AdD14 open reading frame was 816bp long and encoded 271 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 29.75kDa. AdD14 protein was predicted to be an unstable hydrophobic protein with no transmembrane structure and no signal peptide. The phylogenetic tree showed that AdD14 had high homology with D14 protein of other species of plants, retained the conserved domain of SL receptor and catalytic triad, and could hydrolyze the fluorescent probe YLG (Yoshimulatone Green) of SL receptor, indicating that AdD14 was the SL receptor gene of Arundo donax L.. In this study, the AdD14 gene of Arundo donax L. was isolated, and its encoding protein was consistent with the structure and function of SL receptor D14 protein of other plants. It was initially confirmed that it was the SL receptor gene of Arundo donax L., which laid a certain foundation for further revealing the molecular mechanism of tiller regulation in Arundo donax L..

  Studies on Secondary Metabolites of Cannabis sativa L. Endophytic Fungus HMY07 Based on Flavonoid Biosynthesis CONG Tianyue, XING Xiangyu, YOU Mengyao, CHENG Li, ZHENG Chunying 2025, 41 (5):  56-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0271 Abstract + ( 41 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1371KB )   ( 6 ) Based on the flavonoids biosynthesis, the flavonoids in the fermentation of Cannabis sativa L. endophytic fungus HMY07 (Alternaria alternata) were extracted and separated. The antimicrobial activities of the fermentation of Cannabis sativa L. endophytic fungus HMY07 was analyzed using Oxford cup method. Additionally, the antioxidant activities of the fermentation were measured by DPPH method. After analyzing the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungus HMY07 using HPLC, D101 macroporous adsorption resin column, silica gel chromatography, polyamide column, and recrystallization were applied to separate the secondary metabolites in the endophytic fungal fermentation. The fermentation of Cannabis sativa L. endophytic fungus HMY07 showed good antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, and seven secondary metabolites were isolated from the fermentation. These metabolites are quercetin (A), kaempferol (B), luteolin (C), cinnamic acid (D), ferulic acid (E), apigenin (F), and hyperoside (G). The Cannabis sativa L. endophytic fungus HMY07 can produce a variety of flavonoid secondary metabolites, making it a valuable endophytic fungus for further development and application, with all isolated compounds reported for the first time from this strain.

  Influence of Plants on Soil Microbial Mediated Carbon Cycling WANG Liyu, YANG Fengshan, FU Haiyan, GE Zhijian, YUAN Mingrui, LIU Chunguang 2025, 41 (5):  63-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0226 Abstract + ( 61 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1354KB )   ( 9 ) Plants and soil microorganisms are closely related, and both play a central role in the carbon cycle mediated by soil microorganisms, they jointly maintain the global carbon balance and the function of ecosystems. Firstly, an overview of the carbon cycle mediated by soil microorganisms was provided. Secondly, the impact of plants on the carbon cycle mediated by soil microorganisms was analyzed, which was specifically reflected in plant photosynthesis, plant respiration, decomposition of plant litter, secretion of plant aboveground secretions, and the rhizosphere effect produced by plants. Among them, the impact of the rhizosphere effect produced by plants on the carbon cycle mediated by soil microorganisms was also reflected in the secretion of plant root exudates and the symbiosis between plants and soil microorganisms. Finally, the impact pathways of plants on the carbon cycle mediated by soil microorganisms were summarized. By reviewing the impact of plants on the carbon cycle mediated by soil microorganisms, it could deepen the understanding of soil carbon cycling and provide a scientific foundation for future environmental protection.

  Effect of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Part of Chemical Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer on Accumulation and Distribution of Dry Matter and Nutrients in Spring Highland Barley BIANBA Drolma, SONG Guoying, LIU Guoyi 2025, 41 (5):  69-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0465 Abstract + ( 55 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1385KB )   ( 12 ) To improve the utilization of fertilizers effectively, spring highland barley ‘Zangqing 2000’ was chosen as the test material and the sheep manure was used as the organic fertilizer in this study to replace part of the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. The long-term position monitoring was carried out to explore the response of crop dry matter accumulation, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient distribution and absorption under different fertilization modes. The results showed that the absorption of nitrogen and potassium by crops during the entire growth period was much greater than that of phosphorus, and their nitrogen content could reach the highest during the seedling stage, which was the critical period for nitrogen accumulation. The phosphorus and potassium content peaked at the tillering stage, which was a critical period for the accumulation of phosphorus and potassium nutrients. Under different fertilization modes, the organic emission reduction mode (T3) and the comprehensive emission reduction mode (T4) had more obvious effect. And the T3 mode (organic fertilizer replacing 25% urea + 58.3% diamonium phosphate) was the optimal treatment, which could achieve higher dry matter accumulation and improve the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients in grains, straws and roots significantly.

  Analysis of Climate Conditions and Suitability Zoning for Shine-Muscat Planting in Xianyang LI Yunxi, ZHA Yangliang, CHEN Mulan, GOU Yaowu, LIU Quan 2025, 41 (5):  77-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0066 Abstract + ( 75 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1381KB )   ( 40 ) To study the climatic conditions for planting Shine-Muscat in Xianyang and determine the planting suitability, using meteorological data such as daily temperature, precipitation, sunshine, and weather phenomena from 12 national basic meteorological stations in Xianyang City, analysis and research were conducted to screen the major climate indicators affecting the cultivation of Shine-Muscat in the Xianyang Region. Based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, membership functions were constructed for different climate indicators to evaluate and determine the weight coefficients of each climate indicator. Through fuzzy synthesis, a comprehensive evaluation of the suitability for planting Shine-Muscat in different regions was obtained. GIS technologies were employed to achieve a refined zoning of climatic suitability for the cultivation of Shine-Muscat in Xianyang City, and the climatic conditions for commercial cultivation of this variety were determined. The results showed that most areas in Xianyang City met the climate conditions for planting Shine-Muscat, but there were significant differences in the degree of suitability. The most suitable areas were mainly concentrated in the central and southern parts of Liquan, the central part of Qianxian, most of Jingyang, the central and southern parts of Sanyuan, Qindu, and the northern part of Weicheng. The suitable areas were the rest of the southern counties, as well as the southern regions of Yongshou and Chunhua. The generally suitable areas were Changwu, the central and northern parts of Yongshou, the central part of Chunhua, most of Binzhou, and the western part of Xunyi, while the unsuitable areas were the eastern part of Xunyi, the northern part of Chunhua, and the southwestern part of Binzhou. The refined zoning results of Shine-Muscat are basically consistent with the current planting situation in the local area, but there is still room for optimization and adjustment, as well as significant potential for quality improvement and yield increase. This research method can provide scientific reference basis.

  Research on Impact of Livestock and Poultry Manure on Nitrogen Budget in Agricultural Systems LIU Yuqi, LIU Guihua, ZHANG Ting, DAI Dongming, ZHANG Hongyu, XUE Peng, ZHANG Dongxu, CHE Lemuge, MEI Ying 2025, 41 (5):  84-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0301 Abstract + ( 49 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 2321KB )   ( 6 ) To study the effects of different proportions of livestock manure and chemical fertilizer on nitrogen budget, soil fertility and crop growth in farmland system. Field experiments were conducted from May to November 2022 to collect soil, water, air and crop samples from farmland systems to study nitrogen migration and budget. The results showed that the application of livestock and poultry manure significantly increased the nitrogen surplus in the farmland. The CF0M10 treatment (0% chemical fertilizer applied with 100% manure) increased the nitrogen content in the plough layer by 43.46% to 96.64%, and the nitrogen surplus was 61.48 times that of the CF10M0 treatment (100% chemical fertilizer). The total nitrogen leaching loss of each test treatment was 0%-0.36% of the nitrogen application rate; the amount of ammonia volatilization accounted for 0.07%-0.18% of the nitrogen application rate, and there was a significant positive correlation with the amount of chemical fertilizer application. The highest nitrogen content of crops in CF10M0 treatment was 493.42 g/plot, which was 2.08 times that of CK treatment (no fertilization). The highest crop yield of CF7M3 treatment was 13113.00 kg/hm2, an increase of 2.63%. In summary, CF7M3 treatment increased crop yield and quality, improved soil fertility and physical and chemical properties, and did not cause environmental risks such as ammonia volatilization, nitrogen and phosphorus leaching, which was suitable for popularization and application in the experimental area.

  Physicochemical Characteristics of Euryale ferox Pericarp Residues Composting and Its Influence on Growth of Chinese Cabbage ZHANG Miao, DONG Qingjun, XIE Changyan, LI Qing, LI Chuanzhe, SUN Chunmei, ZHANG Ankang, CHEN Chuan 2025, 41 (5):  95-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0484 Abstract + ( 62 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1209KB )   ( 6 ) To solve the problem of Euryale ferox pericarp residues and achieve resource recycling of agricultural solid waste, this study used Euryale ferox pericarp residues as the main raw material, plant ash and straw were common additives, while rapeseed meal and mushroom residue were selective additives. The changes of different physicochemical parameters under the selective additives of rapeseed meal and mushroom residue were explored, and the effects of different compost products on the growth of Chinese cabbage were evaluated in a pot experiment. Aerobic composting experiments showed that the addition of rapeseed meal resulted in a better composting effect, and the maximum fermentation temperature of the pile could reach 65℃, and the EC increased significantly. Meanwhile, the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus nutrient content increased significantly and were higher than those of other composting treatments. The pot experiment showed that the application of rapeseed meal compost (F1) resulted in the highest plant height for Chinese cabbage. The biomass of the F1 treatment showed a significant advantage, the above-ground fresh weight of F1 was 28.75%, 5.93%, 18.53% and 121.86% higher than F2 (apply the compost that with added mushroom residue), F3 (apply the compost that without added selective additives), F4 (apply the commercial cow manure organic fertilizer), and CK (unfertilized control), respectively. The above-ground dry weight of F1 was 36.13%, 14.65%, 11.94% and 87.74% higher than F2, F3, F4 and CK, respectively. The underground dry and fresh weights of F1 were the highest, and there were significant differences with F2, F3, and CK, but there was no significant difference with F4 treatment. In summary, adding rapeseed meal to compost Euryale ferox pericarp residues could result in a good composting process, and the compost product applied to Chinese cabbage can achieve the same or even better effect than commercial cow manure organic fertilizer. This research provides valuable theoretical and technical support for the cyclic utilization of Euryale ferox pericarp residues.

  Evaluation of Heavy Metal Enrichment and Correlation in Paddy Soil and Rice in Sichuan Basin HUANG Miao, YANG Guotao, DIAO Yan, ZHANG Lei, YAN Yu, LI Yu, XU Wei, YANG Liang 2025, 41 (5):  103-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0509 Abstract + ( 58 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1882KB )   ( 6 ) To study the environmental pollution of paddy fields in a region of Sichuan, this paper focused on paddy soil and rice as the main research objects. A total of 216 soil and rice samples were collected from the area, and the heavy metal pollutants in soil and rice in the study area were evaluated by testing the content of eight heavy metal elements, namely arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury, copper, zinc and nickel in soil, and the content of five heavy metals, namely arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, and mercury in rice, using the single-factor pollutant index method and the Nemero composite pollutant index method, as well as performing the quantitative analysis of the association between various heavy metal elements in soil and rice. The results showed that: (1) the average content of cadmium and mercury in the soil of this study area was 0.47 and 0.98 mg/kg, respectively, which exceeded the standard, and their exceedance rates were 27.78% and 34.26%, respectively. The combined pollution index of Nemero in this study area was 1.11 mg/kg and the pollution level was mild. (2) There were significant correlations between the eight elements in the soil and the pathways of heavy metal accumulation might be the same. The coefficient of variation of soil Hg was 163.20%, which was highly variable, indicating that local pollution sources had a strong influence on heavy metals in soil, and the exceeding of Hg content in soil was mainly anthropogenic. (3) Cadmium, chromium and lead in rice had exceeded the standards, with exceedance rates of 19.44%, 3.70% and 19.44%, respectively. The study shows that the degree of heavy metal enrichment in rice has some correlation with soil heavy metal content and is related to the chemical form of heavy metals. It has certain guiding significance for food safety and heavy metal pollution remediation and treatment.

  Temporal Characteristics and Impact Differences of Major Agro-meteorological Disasters in Heilongjiang Province Under Climate Change WANG Qiujing, MA Guozhong, ZHAI Mo, CHU Zheng, QU Huihui, JIANG Lixia 2025, 41 (5):  110-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0485 Abstract + ( 58 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1413KB )   ( 21 ) Based on the grain sown area, disaster data, and agro-meteorological disaster data of Heilongjiang Province from 1972 to 2020, this study employed grey correlation analysis and an integrated agro-meteorological disaster loss model to examine the temporal changes in major agro-meteorological disasters over the past five decades. The research also explored the occurrence characteristics and agricultural impacts of different levels of agro-meteorological disasters under the backdrop of climate change. The results indicated that while the total agricultural disaster area exhibited a fluctuating downward trend (P>0.05), the proportion of disaster-affected areas showed a slight upward trend (P>0.05). Among various meteorological disasters, their effects on agriculture were ranked as follows: drought > low temperature c > flood > wind - hail, with drought and low temperature having the most significant impact and causing more severe damage. In Heilongjiang Province, 85% of the years experienced agro-meteorological disasters, with 15% being classified as major or severe disasters. The most severe disaster years were 1976, 2002, and 2003, with comprehensive disaster indices of 5.8173, 5.1791, and 5.3219, respectively. The disaster-affected area was significantly negatively correlated with grain yield (P < 0.05). As the disaster-affected area increased, grain yield decreased. Specifically, for every 100×103 hm2 increase in the disaster-affected area, grain yield per unit area decreased by 26.34 kg. On average, grain yield per unit area decreased by 38.27 kg. However, there was no significant correlation between the affected area and grain yield during mild or minor disaster years. These disaster assessment results align well with historical records of agricultural disasters in Heilongjiang Province and can provide valuable scientific references for mitigating disaster risks and ensuring stable and high grain yields in agricultural production.

  Juncao Farm - Construction of an Integrated Production System for Microbial Agriculture BAO Xingsheng, LIU Pingshan, WANG Zhiming, LIU Xin, CHE Jianmei, ZHENG Xuefang, WANG Jieping, WU Renye, LIU Bo 2025, 41 (5):  119-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0077 Abstract + ( 48 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 2726KB )   ( 53 ) The aim of this study is to conduct demonstration and popularization of an integrated production system for Juncao-microbial agriculture, and realize comprehensive and recycling utilization of Juncao resources. In the Juncao farm, 12 hm2 of Ju-Juncao crop was planted and an intelligent greenhouse with a 1.3 hm2 area was built for both planting and breeding. The Ju-Juncao raw materials were processed into the Juncao probiotic agents, the ensilage fermentation feeds, the microbial fermentation bed litters, the substrates for tomato planting and Ganoderma lucidum cultivation, respectively. The core technologies of modern facility agriculture were introduced into the Juncao farm to construct the integrated production system for Juncao-microbial agriculture. The intelligent greenhouse was divided into 4 areas, the Ganoderma lucidum cultivation area (0.021 hm2), the tomato cultivation area equipped with an integration drip irrigation system of water, fertilizers and microbial agents (0.27 hm2), the aquaculture area using beneficial microorganisms in water and feeds (0.30 hm2) and the livestock and poultry breeding area using the microbial fermentation beds (0.79 hm2). The probiotics contained at least 17 species functional microorganisms, including 4 species of bacillus: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus altitudinis; 7 species of lactic acid bacteria: Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus murinus, Lactobacillus jensenii, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Enterococcus faecium; 4 species of other bacteria: Acidovorax wautersii, Herbaspirillum huttiense, Microbacterium testaceum and Rhodococcus erythropolis; 2 species of fungi: Geotrichum candidum and Saccharomyces cerevisia. These probiotic agents were used in tomato cultivation, aquaculture, and livestock and poultry breeding, respectively. Finally, the integrated production system was equipped with the water-fertilizers-bacteria integrated drip irrigation machine, the machine for water and feeds with beneficial microorganisms in aquaculture, probiotics-water dispenser and probiotic sprayer, which were all developed by us. Altogether, the mechanized, automated and intelligent microbial agriculture production system was constructed by using Juncao technology + microbiological technology + modern facility agriculture technology. These would provide a carrier for modern agriculture industrialization in the rural area, an empowerment for rural revitalization, and a helping hand for realizing common prosperity for all.

  Sensitivity Testing of Black Soldier Fly Larvae to Imidacloprid ZHANG Wenbo, LI Fengxin, CHEN Shuo, PENG Caiwang, WANG Yunsheng 2025, 41 (5):  130-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0422 Abstract + ( 61 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1175KB )   ( 3 ) The aim of this study was to explore the sensitivity of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) to imidacloprid, to understand the impact of pesticide residue on their growth, providing a theoretical basis for the large-scale rearing of black soldier flies. Using bioassay methods, we conducted imidacloprid toxicity tests on 5-day-old and 7-day-old black soldier fly larvae with four treatments of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg, and measured mortality rate and larval weight with DMSO and blank controls serving as references. The results showed that for 7-day-old larvae, the mortality rate after 7 days of exposure to concentrations ranging from 0.1 mg/kg to 2 mg/kg was between 3.3% and 17.3%. When the concentration was ≤0.5 mg/kg, imidacloprid significantly promoted the increase in the weight of black soldier flies. Under continuous exposure to feed containing imidacloprid, the treatment at 0.1 mg/kg resulted in a 16.4% increase in individual larval weight compared to the control group. After being switched to regular feed following 3 days of exposure to imidacloprid-containing feed, the individual larval weights in the 0.1 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg treatments were 26.2% and 21.4% higher than those in the control group, respectively. Low concentrations of imidacloprid have no obvious adverse effects on the growth of black soldier fly larvae and are able to promote an increase in their body weight, which provides a basis for further research into the stimulatory effects of black soldier flies.

  Research on Creation and Processing and Storage Method of High Folate-Maize Rich in Iron and Zinc LI Wenzong, XU Yifan, CHEN Jianhua, HU Chao, WANG Zhen, HUANG Yamin 2025, 41 (5):  135-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0471 Abstract + ( 38 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1341KB )   ( 55 ) This study is dedicated to the development of iron- and zinc-rich high folate maize (Fe ≥ 40 mg/kg, Zn ≥ 40 mg/kg, folate ≥ 150 μg/100 g), to improve the utilization rate of folate, and to prolong the shelf-life of freshly-eaten iron- and zinc-rich high folate maize. Five groups of iron- and zinc-treated groups with different concentrations and one group of clear water control group were set up, and the foliar spraying of iron and zinc mixed micronutrient fertilizer was carried out by unmanned aerial vehicles to obtain iron- and zinc-rich high folate maize. Different processing techniques were adopted to treat the obtained high folate maize to analyze the changes of folate content in the iron- and zinc-rich high folate maize under different processing and storage conditions, and to screen out the optimal processing and storage methods. Foliar spraying of iron and zinc mixed micronutrient fertilizer on high folate maize during the growth period significantly increased the iron and zinc content in the kernels, achieving the effect of iron and zinc nutrient fortification. The rate of folate loss during processing of vacuum-packed fresh maize was 11.97%, and the rate of folate loss during processing of vacuum-packed instant maize was 23.36%. Combined with the loss rate of folic acid in different processes and the changes of folic acid content under different storage conditions, the best effect of vacuum-packed instant maize was achieved by storing it at 4℃ for 60 d.

  Effects of Salt Stress on Growth and Tissue Enzyme Activity of Juvenile Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) DUAN Yongqiang, LIU Hongyan, WANG Minghua, ZHONG Liqiang, SU Chaofan, LIU Ju, CHEN Xiaohui, ZHANG Shiyong 2025, 41 (5):  143-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0481 Abstract + ( 51 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1848KB )   ( 10 ) To investigate the effects of salinity stress on the growth and antioxidant capacity of channel catfish fry, we established six salinity groups (3.0, 3.8, 4.7, 5.9, 7.3, 9.0) and one control group using the equidistant spacing method, the tolerance of each group to different salinity levels was assessed by measuring growth indexes, four physicochemical indexes, and H&E stained sections. The findings demonstrated that the growth performance and survival rates of fish fry at salinities of 3.0, 3.8, and 4.7 did not differ significantly (P>0.05). The growth rate and survival rate of fish fry gradually slowed down with the increase of salinity. The survival rate fell to 71% when the salinity hit 9.0. As salinity increased, the activity of three antioxidant enzymes—superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX)—in liver tissue first increased and then decreased. SOD and CAT activities were considerably increased (P<0.05) at a salinity of 4.7, with values of 1163.918 U/mg prot and 88.039 U/mg prot, respectively. The Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained sections results revealed significant alterations in a variety of tissues under varying salinity settings. These findings suggest that both low and high salt stress can cause damage to fish bodies, with liver tissue being particularly sensitive to salt stress. This research provides a theoretical foundation and essential data for the scientific cultivation of channel catfish fry in coastal mudflats.

  Comparison and Analysis of Muscle Nutritional Components of Male and Female Opsariichthys bidens LI Wensheng 2025, 41 (5):  151-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0511 Abstract + ( 89 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1171KB )   ( 77 ) The aim was to explore the differences in nutritional components of muscle between male and female Opsariichthys bidens, providing theoretical basis for breeding selection and nutritional evaluation of Opsariichthys bidens. Using biochemical analysis methods, nutrient contents in muscle of 2-year-old male and female Opsariichthys bidens with body weights of (32.48±5.78) g and (78.31±8.79) g were determined, and the nutritional value of them was analyzed and compared. The results showed that the content of crude fat in females was significantly higher than that of males (P<0.05); There were no significant difference in moisture, crude protein and crude ash content between the two groups (P>0.05). The mineral content had significant difference. The contents of potassium and iron in the detected minerals were significantly higher in males than those in females (P<0.05), and the contents of other minerals in females were significantly higher than those in males. 16 kinds of amino acids were detected in both female and male fish, and there was no significant difference in the contents of various amino acids; the essential amino acids, total amino acids and flavor amino acids in females were higher than those in males, but there was no significant difference. According to amino acid score (AAS) and chemical score (CS), the first limiting amino acid for both females and males was Met+Cys, and the second limiting amino acid was Val. The essential amino acid index (EAAI) of females (90.15) was higher than that of males (86.10). Total of 24 and 22 fatty acids were detected in female and male. The contents of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids in males were significantly higher than those in females (P<0.05), and the polyunsaturated fatty acids in females were significantly higher than those in males (P<0.05). Among the detected fatty acids, the content of oleic acid (C18:1) was the highest, followed by linoleic acid (C18:2). Erucic acid (C22:1) and tetracosenoic acid (C24:1) were not detected in male fish. During the growth process of male and female Opsariichthys bidens, the composition and content of some nutrients were different. On the whole, the nutrients of female are more abundant than those of male. However, in actual production, due to the rapid growth of male, the breeding cycle is short, the growth rate of male fish is 2-3 times faster than that of female, and the body mass is more than 50% higher than that of female. Therefore, the all-male breeding of fish still has certain significance.

  Research on Soil Water Content Detection Based on Hyperspectral Imaging Technology MA Ling, ZHANG Yiyang, LI Yajiao, MA Siyan, WANG Jing, MA Yan, WU Longguo 2025, 41 (5):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0076 Abstract + ( 50 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 3465KB )   ( 7 ) In order to quickly detect the soil water content and achieve timely monitoring of tomato plant growth, the average spectral reflectance of 304 soil samples was extracted using hyperspectral imaging technology. The original spectra underwent preprocessing and optimization by removing outliers, dividing the sample set, applying three preprocessing methods, successive projections algorithm (SPA), uninformation variable elimination (UVE), iterative retained information variable (IRIV), genetic partial-least-squares algorithm (GAPLS) to extract the feature wavelengths. Following this, a partial-least-squares regression (PLSR) model was established based on the identified feature wavelengths. Utilizing these preferred feature wavelengths, multiple models were then constructed, including the PLSR model, multiple linear regression (MLR) model, principal component regression (PCR) model, and convolutional neural network (CNN) model. The results showed that: the preferred moving average smoothing (MAS) preprocessing of soil water content was applied, and the quantitative prediction model of soil water content, which was established using the characteristic wavelength extracted by the IRIV method, proved to have the best effect (Rc=0.7167, RMSEc=0.0193; Rp=0.6631, RMSEP=0.0272). Additionally, the model of soil water content based on IRIV-CNN also demonstrated good performance (Rc=0.7655, RMSEc=0.0172). This study holds great practical significance and usefulness for the development of water utilization efficiency in the facility vegetable industry, as well as the scientific management of water in tomato crops. It currently provides technical support for online monitoring of tomato plant growth.