Basal Application and Topdressing of Selenium-enriched Organic Fertilizers: Effects on Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Yield and Selenium Enrichment of Wheat

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0116

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to ensure the safe production of selenium-rich agricultural products and provide a theoretical basis for high efficient selenium enrichment of wheat, wheat variety ‘Ningchun 55’ was used as material in this study. Under the condition of field experiment, the effects of different application methods and application rates of selenium-enriched organic fertilizers on chlorophyll fluorescence, yield and selenium content of aboveground organs of wheat were studied. The results showed that the chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence value increased with the increase of selenium application rate, and there were significant differences in chlorophyll content and Fo of wheat leaves at booting stage and filling stage under the two selenium application methods. The total selenium content in wheat stem and wheat bran of different treatments was significantly higher than that of the control. On the whole, the total selenium content of aboveground organs of basal application of selenium-enriched organic fertilizer was higher than that of topdressing, but the difference between them was not significant. The results showed that the two fertilization methods had a certain promoting effect on the accumulation of selenium in wheat. Under the basal application mode, the wheat yield increased by 0.9%-8.9% compared with the control, while under topdressing, the wheat yield decreased at first and then increased, and there was no significant difference in wheat yield between the two fertilization methods. Therefore, according to the chlorophyll fluorescence, yield and selenium enrichment effect of wheat under the two fertilization methods, it is suggested that basal application of selenium-enriched organic fertilizer should be carried out in the production of wheat selenium-rich agricultural products to reduce the agronomic operation of wheat and reduce the cost of labor input.

Key words: selenium content, grain quality, exogenous selenium in wheat, photosynthetic physiology, yield

CLC Number:

Ma Jie, Yin Xuehong, Li Zhi, Yang Juan, Zheng Guoqi, Liang Xinhua. Basal Application and Topdressing of Selenium-enriched Organic Fertilizers: Effects on Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Yield and Selenium Enrichment of Wheat[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(32): 1-9.

Figures/Tables 9

References 32

[1]	邢恩荣. 硒——人类生命之火[J]. 新农业, 2004(10):28-29.
[2]	Tian X Y, Li H H, Wang Z Y. Effect of Se application on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in tartary buck wheat and content of available trients in soil[J]. Journal of Sol and Water Conservation. 2009, 23(3):112-115.
[3]	付冬冬, 王松山, 梁东丽, 等. 不同价态外源硒对冬小麦生长及生理代谢的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2011, 30(8):1500-1507.
[4]	董卫华, 吴珍龄. Na₂SeO₃对小麦幼苗生长和代谢的影响[J]. 西南农业大学学报:自然科学版, 2004(4):474-478.
[5]	王学君, 董晓霞, 孙泽强, 等. 钾、锌、硒和优化施肥对轻度盐碱地玉米产量和肥料吸收的影响[J]. 山东农业科学, 2011(1):53-55.
[6]	郑甲成, 刘婷. 不同浓度硒肥对籼稻硒含量和产量的影响[J]. 土壤, 2014, 46(1):88-93.
[7]	周勋波, 吴海燕, 张惠君, 等. 喷施硒肥对大豆生长发育和生理生态参数的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2004(4):77-80.
[8]	李根林, 高红梅. 喷施亚硒酸钠对小麦产量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2009, 25(18):253-255.
[9]	叶斌, 谭新国, 王小磊, 等. 叶面喷施硒肥对稻米含硒量及产量的影响[J]. 现代化农业, 2013(8):9-11.
[10]	李佳. 硒对寒地水稻产量和稻米安全品质的影响[D]. 哈尔滨:东北农业大学, 2010.
[11]	彭涛, 赵伟峰, 高燕, 等. 不同浓度富硒营养液对小麦硒含量及产量的影响[J]. 现代农业科技, 2015(11):19-22.
[12]	唐玉霞, 王慧敏, 吕英华, 等. 硒肥浸种对小麦生长发育及产量和籽粒含硒量的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2010, 30(4):731-734.
[13]	孙发宇, 李长成, 王安, 李韬. 叶面喷施硒酸钠对不同小麦品种(系)籽粒硒及其他矿质元素含量的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2017, 37(4):559-564.
[14]	张睿, 刘曼双, 王荣成, 等. 叶面喷施富硒植物营养素对小麦产量及品质的效应[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2015, 35(6):856-859.
[15]	余洁, 李琳玲, 肖贤, 等. 植物富硒栽培研究进展综述[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2017, 56(16):3017-3021.
[16]	袁同高, 段建华. 富硒小麦栽培技术探究[J]. 南方农机, 2018, 49(1):46-49.
[17]	刘廷万. 森林土壤分析方法国家标准通过审定[J]. 河北林业科技, 1986(1):49.
[18]	郝林华, 刘莉, 翟毓秀. 氢化物发生原子荧光法测定食品、水产品及饲料中硒的方法研究[J]. 中国水产科学, 2000(3):85-88.
[19]	王松山, 吴雄平, 梁东丽, 等. 不同价态外源硒在石灰性土壤中的形态转化及其生物有效性[J]. 环境科学学报, 2010, 30(12):2499-2505.
[20]	邵丽伟. 论土壤与营养元素对小麦品质的影响[J]. 南方农机, 2020, 51(2):55.
[21]	杨雷, 冯作山, 王开昌, 等. 生物有机肥对土壤性质及水稻产量的影响[J]. 现代农业科技, 2019(8):10-12.
[22]	Zhang M, Tang S H, Huang X. Selenium content and its influence on photosynjournal and chlorophyll fluorescence in rice (Oryza sativa L.)[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2014, 39(2):37-45.
[23]	李瑞平, 李光德, 袁宇飞, 等. 硒对汞胁迫小麦幼苗生理特性的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2011, 20(5):975-979.
[24]	郭美俊, 郭平毅, 原向阳, 等. 叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对谷子光合特性及产量构成的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2014, 28(6):1099-1107.
[25]	吴永尧, 卢向阳, 彭振坤, 等. 硒在水稻中的生理生化作用探讨[J]. 中国农业科学, 2000(1):103-106,116.
[26]	王丽霞. 硒元素的植物生理作用及生理机制研究进展[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2010, 38(1):31-32,47.
[27]	曹大领, 谢润生, 聂强, 等. 富硒腐植酸肥料在小麦上的应用效果[J]. 腐植酸, 2012(1):17-22.
[28]	GB 13105—1991食品中硒限量卫生标准[S]. B北京: 中国标准出版社, 1991.
[29]	秦海波, 朱建明, 李社红, 等. 环境中硒形态分析方法的研究进展[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2008(2):180-187.
[30]	彭涛, 于金林, 成东梅, 等. 不同喷施硒时期和次数对小麦产量及硒含量的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2015, 43(17):104-105,108.
[31]	李志强, 田铃枝, 等. 面施硒对北疆冬小麦生长、产量及富硒作用的影响[J]. 新疆农垦科技, 2018, 41(11):30-31.
[32]	郑甲成, 刘婷. 不同浓度硒肥对籼稻硒含量和产量的影响[J]. 土壤, 2014, 46(1):88-93.

处理	施肥方式	施肥量
CK	基施基施+追施	苏州硒谷富硒有机肥0 kg/ hm²+10 kg/ hm²商品有机肥苏州硒谷富硒有机肥0 kg/ hm²+商品有机肥10 kg/ hm²
T1	基施基施+追施	苏州硒谷富硒有机肥0.33 kg/ hm²+9.67 kg/ hm²商品有机肥苏州硒谷富硒有机肥0.33 kg/ hm²+商品有机肥9.67 kg/ hm²
T2	基施基施+追施	苏州硒谷富硒有机肥0.67 kg/ hm²+9.33 kg/ hm²商品有机肥苏州硒谷富硒有机肥0.67 kg/ hm²+商品有机肥9.33 kg/ hm²
T3	基施基施+追施	苏州硒谷富硒有机肥1 kg/ hm²+9 kg/ hm²商品有机肥苏州硒谷富硒有机肥1 kg/ hm²+商品有机肥9 kg/ hm²
T4	基施基施+追施	苏州硒谷富硒有机肥1.33 kg/ hm²+8.67 kg/ hm²商品有机肥苏州硒谷富硒有机肥1.33 kg/ hm²+商品有机肥8.67 kg/ hm²

处理	施肥方式	施肥量
CK	基施基施+追施	苏州硒谷富硒有机肥0 kg/ hm²+10 kg/ hm²商品有机肥苏州硒谷富硒有机肥0 kg/ hm²+商品有机肥10 kg/ hm²
T1	基施基施+追施	苏州硒谷富硒有机肥0.33 kg/ hm²+9.67 kg/ hm²商品有机肥苏州硒谷富硒有机肥0.33 kg/ hm²+商品有机肥9.67 kg/ hm²
T2	基施基施+追施	苏州硒谷富硒有机肥0.67 kg/ hm²+9.33 kg/ hm²商品有机肥苏州硒谷富硒有机肥0.67 kg/ hm²+商品有机肥9.33 kg/ hm²
T3	基施基施+追施	苏州硒谷富硒有机肥1 kg/ hm²+9 kg/ hm²商品有机肥苏州硒谷富硒有机肥1 kg/ hm²+商品有机肥9 kg/ hm²
T4	基施基施+追施	苏州硒谷富硒有机肥1.33 kg/ hm²+8.67 kg/ hm²商品有机肥苏州硒谷富硒有机肥1.33 kg/ hm²+商品有机肥8.67 kg/ hm²

处理	硒mg/kg	全盐/(g/kg)	pH	有机质g/kg	速效氮mg/kg	速效钾mg/kg	速效磷mg/kg
CK	0.19	0.17	8.42	24.4	69.1	210.0	34.3
T1	0.21	0.17	8.41	24.8	76.6	193.0	37.6
T2	0.20	0.15	8.35	26.2	75.1	204.0	40.3
T3	0.22	0.19	8.33	25.7	75.1	223.0	35.7
T4	0.21	0.17	8.37	23.4	67.6	210.0	35.9

处理	硒mg/kg	全盐/(g/kg)	pH	有机质g/kg	速效氮mg/kg	速效钾mg/kg	速效磷mg/kg
CK	0.19	0.17	8.42	24.4	69.1	210.0	34.3
T1	0.21	0.17	8.41	24.8	76.6	193.0	37.6
T2	0.20	0.15	8.35	26.2	75.1	204.0	40.3
T3	0.22	0.19	8.33	25.7	75.1	223.0	35.7
T4	0.21	0.17	8.37	23.4	67.6	210.0	35.9

处理	硒/(mg/kg)	全盐/(g/kg)	pH	有机质g/kg	速效氮mg/kg	速效钾mg/kg	速效磷mg/kg
CK	0.23	0.22	8.40	23.1	72.1	214.0	36.9
T1	0.23	0.13	8.43	21.9	79.6	175.0	27.9
T2	0.26	0.17	8.41	22.9	64.6	170.0	30.7
T3	0.25	0.17	8.55	24.2	31.5	216.0	40.0
T4	0.20	0.20	8.38	23.0	64.6	204.0	42.0