Effects of Substrate Cultivation Modes on Greenhouse Watermelon Growth, Yield and Quality

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0423

Abstract

Abstract:

To screen the most suitable Chinese medicine residue compound substrate cultivation mode for watermelon in greenhouse, in this study, main small-fruit watermelon varieties planted in greenhouse were used as the test materials. Five cultivation modes were adopted, including pit cultivation (T₁), substrate bag cultivation (T₂), substrate pillow cultivation (T₃), aboveground trough cultivation (T₄) and underground trough cultivation (T₅), to explore the effects of different substrate cultivation modes on the growth, yield and quality of watermelon in greenhouse. The results showed that in the flowering and fruit setting stage, compared with those of T₃, the plant height, internode length, number of leaves, SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) of T₄ significantly increased by 60.81%, 20.63%, 25.49%, 13.77%, 6.34% and 8.56%, respectively; while the stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of T₃ increased significantly by 65.71% and 14.99%, respectively, compared with those of T₄. In the fruit enlargement stage, the plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves of T₄ increased significantly by 86.75%, 22.42% and 16.79%, respectively, compared with those of T₃. At the maturity stage, the plant height, stem diameter, internode length, number of leaves, fresh weight of aboveground part, fresh weight of underground part, dry weight of aboveground part, dry weight of underground part, and fruit yield of T₄ reached the maximum value, and were significantly higher than those of T₃. The content of center sugar and edge sugar were the highest in T₃, the center sugar content was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and the edge sugar content was significantly higher than that of T₁, T₄ and T₅treatments. In summary, the five cultivation modes can all be used for the production and cultivation of watermelon in greenhouse, but the aboveground trough cultivation mode is more conducive to promoting the growth and development of watermelon and increasing the fruit yield, and the watermelon growth is the best and the fruit yield is the highest. The substrate pillow cultivation mode is beneficial to increasing the sugar content of fruit, and the watermelon fruit quality is the best.

Key words: greenhouse watermelon, traditional Chinese medicine residue compound substrate, plant growth, photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality

CHEN Liang, LUAN Qianqian, LIN Yi, ZHANG Ziqiang. Effects of Substrate Cultivation Modes on Greenhouse Watermelon Growth, Yield and Quality[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(10): 38-44.

Figures/Tables 9

References 26

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处理	节间长度/cm			叶片数/片
处理	开花坐果期	果实膨大期	成熟期	苗期	开花坐果期	果实膨大期	成熟期
T₁	7.16±0.21a	8.42±0.66a	8.86±0.50ab	10.0±0.37bc	21.8±0.80b	32.2±0.58a	35.6±0.68b
T₂	7.58±0.25a	8.16±0.51a	8.40±0.50abc	8.6±0.51d	19.0±0.45c	28.4±0.40c	30.8±0.37d
T₃	6.30±0.31b	7.38±0.38a	7.55±0.36c	11.8±0.37a	20.4±0.24bc	27.4±0.24c	30.0±0.32d
T₄	7.60±0.33a	8.84±0.45a	9.62±0.45a	11.4±0.51ab	25.6±0.51a	32.0±0.32a	37.0±0.32a
T₅	7.12±0.18a	7.72±0.19a	7.86±0.17bc	10.0±0.45c	22.2±0.73b	30.2±0.80b	32.2±0.20c

处理	节间长度/cm			叶片数/片
处理	开花坐果期	果实膨大期	成熟期	苗期	开花坐果期	果实膨大期	成熟期
T₁	7.16±0.21a	8.42±0.66a	8.86±0.50ab	10.0±0.37bc	21.8±0.80b	32.2±0.58a	35.6±0.68b
T₂	7.58±0.25a	8.16±0.51a	8.40±0.50abc	8.6±0.51d	19.0±0.45c	28.4±0.40c	30.8±0.37d
T₃	6.30±0.31b	7.38±0.38a	7.55±0.36c	11.8±0.37a	20.4±0.24bc	27.4±0.24c	30.0±0.32d
T₄	7.60±0.33a	8.84±0.45a	9.62±0.45a	11.4±0.51ab	25.6±0.51a	32.0±0.32a	37.0±0.32a
T₅	7.12±0.18a	7.72±0.19a	7.86±0.17bc	10.0±0.45c	22.2±0.73b	30.2±0.80b	32.2±0.20c

处理	SPAD	净光合速率Pn/[µmol/(m²·s)]	气孔导度Gs/[mmol/(m²·s)]	胞间CO₂浓度Ci/(µmol/mol)	蒸腾速率Tr/[mmol/(m²·s)]
T₁	52.07±0.64a	16.61±0.10bc	0.48±0.06ab	329.67±5.23ab	4.01±0.09bc
T₂	49.60±0.38b	16.43±0.30bc	0.56±0.04a	316.08±4.76b	4.34±0.23ab
T₃	47.20±0.50c	16.24±0.05c	0.58±0.04a	314.08±2.25b	4.45±0.18a
T₄	53.70±0.32a	17.27±0.14a	0.35±0.07bc	340.98±5.63a	3.87±0.07bc
T₅	53.00±0.90a	17.00±0.20ab	0.32±0.02c	345.19±5.24a	3.66±0.08c

处理	SPAD	净光合速率Pn/[µmol/(m²·s)]	气孔导度Gs/[mmol/(m²·s)]	胞间CO₂浓度Ci/(µmol/mol)	蒸腾速率Tr/[mmol/(m²·s)]
T₁	52.07±0.64a	16.61±0.10bc	0.48±0.06ab	329.67±5.23ab	4.01±0.09bc
T₂	49.60±0.38b	16.43±0.30bc	0.56±0.04a	316.08±4.76b	4.34±0.23ab
T₃	47.20±0.50c	16.24±0.05c	0.58±0.04a	314.08±2.25b	4.45±0.18a
T₄	53.70±0.32a	17.27±0.14a	0.35±0.07bc	340.98±5.63a	3.87±0.07bc
T₅	53.00±0.90a	17.00±0.20ab	0.32±0.02c	345.19±5.24a	3.66±0.08c

处理	鲜质量/(g/株)		干质量/(g/株)		根冠比
处理	地上部	地下部	地上部	地下部	根冠比
T₁	520.78±4.28c	17.20±0.20b	81.30±0.40c	2.37±0.07c	0.029±0.0010c
T₂	378.33±3.01d	15.79±0.38c	60.94±0.29d	2.23±0.05c	0.037±0.0007a
T₃	354.16±2.73e	12.20±0.17d	56.64±0.29e	2.02±0.04d	0.036±0.0006a
T₄	613.91±2.89a	19.89±0.54a	94.19±0.14a	3.10±0.07a	0.033±0.0007b
T₅	535.36±4.95b	18.14±0.43b	87.42±0.82b	2.85±0.05b	0.033±0.0003b