Effects of Biogas Slurry and Straw Returning on Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Leaching

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0252

Abstract

Abstract:

To provide theoretical support for agricultural waste utilization and field non-point source pollution prevention, the effects of biogas slurry and straw returning on nitrogen and phosphorus concentration and leaching in soil were studied. The experiment set four treatments of control (CK), conventional N application (CON), optimized N application (OPT) and whole straw manuring plus biogas slurry returning (SMB). The crop yield, soil nitrate residuals and total P leaching were determined for analysis of soil N and P concentration and leaching characteristics. The results showed that crop yield under SMB treatment were reached 99.6% and 95.4%, N and P absorption attained 84.9%, 78.4% and 85.7%, 82.4% than those of CON and OPT treatment, respectively, which N and P agricultural efficiency of SMB treatment was increased by at least 13%. Under SMB treatment, soil nitrate concentration and leaching were decreased by 43% and 77.3% respectively, which the apparent leaching coefficient was 4.83%. The residuals in SMB treatment were 28.9% of chemical N fertilizer application treatment. The P leaching with SMB averaged for 0.045 kg/hm², and soil inorganic P concentration was 80.7% of chemical P fertilization, which 80% inorganic P converted into Fe-P and Ca-P. Meanwhile, under SMB treatment higher and medium active organic soil P occupied by 55.8%, which was significantly higher than that of conventional P fertilization of 34.2%, indicating biogas slurry and straw returning to filed facilitated various forms of P availability. Thus, straw and biogas slurry returning to field is an environment-friendly waste resource utilization ways in China.

Key words: biogas slurry and straw returning, crop yield, resource utilization efficiency, N and P leaching, P forms

WANG Zhigang, HAN Xue, LIU Yunping, LI Wei, SONG Xiao, GUO Liyue. Effects of Biogas Slurry and Straw Returning on Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Leaching[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(6): 107-114.

Figures/Tables 12

References 47

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时间	作物体系	pH	化学需氧量/(mg/L)	总氮/(mg/L)	氨氮/(mg/L)	总磷/(mg/L)	总钾/(mg/L)
2020年	玉米	7.13	635	82.2	57.9	46.2	82
2020年	小麦	7.09	672	103	65.7	51.3	72
2021年	玉米	7.15	703	98	60.3	47.4	107
2021年	小麦	7.14	681	85	56.6	48.3	94
平均		7.13	673	92.1	60.1	48.3	88.8

时间	作物体系	pH	化学需氧量/(mg/L)	总氮/(mg/L)	氨氮/(mg/L)	总磷/(mg/L)	总钾/(mg/L)
2020年	玉米	7.13	635	82.2	57.9	46.2	82
2020年	小麦	7.09	672	103	65.7	51.3	72
2021年	玉米	7.15	703	98	60.3	47.4	107
2021年	小麦	7.14	681	85	56.6	48.3	94
平均		7.13	673	92.1	60.1	48.3	88.8

时间	秸秆类型	含碳量/%	阳离子交换量/(cmol/kg)	总氮/(g/kg)	总磷/(g/kg)	总钾/(g/kg)
2020年	玉米	66.5	21.6	7.3	0.36	0.15
2020年	小麦	48.2	23.5	6.9	0.35	0.17
2021年	玉米	63.8	22.8	7.5	0.37	0.16
2021年	小麦	47.5	24.7	7.1	0.38	0.17

时间	秸秆类型	含碳量/%	阳离子交换量/(cmol/kg)	总氮/(g/kg)	总磷/(g/kg)	总钾/(g/kg)
2020年	玉米	66.5	21.6	7.3	0.36	0.15
2020年	小麦	48.2	23.5	6.9	0.35	0.17
2021年	玉米	63.8	22.8	7.5	0.37	0.16
2021年	小麦	47.5	24.7	7.1	0.38	0.17

处理	作物生产力
	第一年		第二年
	冬小麦	夏玉米	冬小麦	夏玉米
CK	3123±365c	4032±576c	3281±342c	3981±637c
CON	6875±458b	8753±823b	7023±486b	9135±785b
OPT	7123±612a	9461±587a	7285±579a	9342±674a
SMB	6747±513b	8962±653b	6943±525b	9015±548b