Evaluation of Climate Suitability and Climate Quality of Nanjian High-Mountain White Tea

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0958

Abstract

Abstract:

To clarify the climatic resource advantages and their impacts on tea growth and quality formation in the high-mountain white tea producing area of Nanjian County, this study utilized observational data from one national meteorological station and nine regional automatic weather stations in Nanjian from 1991 to 2024, along with tea quality test data from 2020 to 2023. By constructing a climate suitability model and a climate quality grading evaluation model, the climate suitability of the tea-growing area and the climate quality grade of spring tea were quantitatively assessed, and the models were validated. The results show that: (1) the light, heat, and water resources in the Nanjian high-mountain white tea producing area are well-balanced. The unique spring (March to May) climatic resource combination of ‘abundant sunshine, low humidity, and high solar radiation’ aligns perfectly with the white tea processing technique characterized by ‘no drying, no roasting, and no aroma enhancement’, laying a climatic foundation for the formation of its core ‘natural sweetness’ flavor. The period around the Qingming to Guyu solar terms is the optimal window for spring tea picking in Nanjian. (2) The ranges of temperature suitability, sunlight suitability, and moisture suitability for spring tea growth across Nanjian County are 0.73-0.99, 0.73-0.87, and 0.26-0.52, respectively, with a comprehensive climate suitability index of 0.56-0.72. Areas with a comprehensive climate suitability index >0.60 show a high degree of overlap with the actual distribution of tea gardens, with Wuliangshan Town, Leqiu Township, Yongcui Township, and Bixi Township being identified as the most suitable planting areas. (3) From 2018 to 2024, the climate quality grade of Nanjian high-mountain white tea during the spring tea period consistently remained at ‘Excellent’ or above, reaching the ‘Special Excellent’ grade in 2019, 2021, and 2024. Validation using 16 independent tea samples yielded an accuracy rate of 87.5% for the climate quality evaluation model, indicating its good reliability and practicality. This study can provide a scientific basis for optimizing the planting zoning, improving quality, and enhancing branding of Nanjian high-mountain white tea.

Key words: Nanjian County, high-mountain white tea, climate suitability, climatic quality

CLC Number:

S162

HUANG Chunjuan, XU Anlun, ZHAO Yinqiang, ZHANG Guotao, PENG Juan. Evaluation of Climate Suitability and Climate Quality of Nanjian High-Mountain White Tea[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(14): 90-99.

Figures/Tables 13

References 29

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站名	数据时段(年月)	海拔高度/m	站名	数据时段(年月)	海拔高度/m
南涧国家基本气象站	199101—202412	1377.2	拥翠乡	200901—202412	2172.2
公郎镇	200901—202412	1504.4	乐秋乡	200901—202412	2197.0
无量山镇	200901—202412	1722.2	碧溪乡	200901—202412	2293.0
小湾东镇	200901—202412	1796.1	樱花谷	201801—202412	2150.0
宝华镇	200901—202412	1990.0	云茶	201801—202412	2290.0

站名	数据时段(年月)	海拔高度/m	站名	数据时段(年月)	海拔高度/m
南涧国家基本气象站	199101—202412	1377.2	拥翠乡	200901—202412	2172.2
公郎镇	200901—202412	1504.4	乐秋乡	200901—202412	2197.0
无量山镇	200901—202412	1722.2	碧溪乡	200901—202412	2293.0
小湾东镇	200901—202412	1796.1	樱花谷	201801—202412	2150.0
宝华镇	200901—202412	1990.0	云茶	201801—202412	2290.0

M_i赋值	平均温度T_a/℃	平均相对湿度RH/%	平均日照时数S/h
3	15.0≤T_a≤18.0	50.0≤RH≤60.0	6.7≤S≤7.7
2	12.0≤T_a<15.0或18.0<T_a≤21.0	40.0≤RH<50.0或60.0<RH≤70.0	5.7≤S<6.7或7.7<S≤8.7
1	10.0≤T_a<12.0或21.0<T_a≤23.0	35.0≤RH<40.0或70.0<RH≤75.0	4.7≤S<5.7或8.7<S≤9.7
0	T_a<10.0或T_a>23.0	RH<35.0或RH>75.0	S<4.7或S>9.7

M_i赋值	平均温度T_a/℃	平均相对湿度RH/%	平均日照时数S/h
3	15.0≤T_a≤18.0	50.0≤RH≤60.0	6.7≤S≤7.7
2	12.0≤T_a<15.0或18.0<T_a≤21.0	40.0≤RH<50.0或60.0<RH≤70.0	5.7≤S<6.7或7.7<S≤8.7
1	10.0≤T_a<12.0或21.0<T_a≤23.0	35.0≤RH<40.0或70.0<RH≤75.0	4.7≤S<5.7或8.7<S≤9.7
0	T_a<10.0或T_a>23.0	RH<35.0或RH>75.0	S<4.7或S>9.7

等级名称	茶叶气候品质评价指数I_tcq	对应的酚氨比r_RPA
1级/特优	I_tcq≥2.25	r_RPA<4.5
2级/优	1.50≤I_tcq<2.25	4.5≤r_RPA<6.5
3级/良	0.75≤I_tcq<1.50	6.5≤r_RPA<8.5
4级/一般	I_tcq<0.75	r_RPA≥8.5