Rattus norvegicus in Farmhouses in Kashgar Area: Morphological Characteristics

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0182

Abstract

Abstract:

To supplement ecological data of brown rat population in farmhouses in the southern region of Xinjiang and to provide a theoretical basis for predicting population dynamics and implementing scientific control measures, a standardized trapping protocol integrating fixed-point snap-trap deployment and live-cage trapping was implemented across rural households in Kashgar Prefecture in 2019-2025. A total of 718 morphologically valid specimens (comprising both sexes) were collected. Five core biometric parameters, including body weight, head-body length, tail length, hind foot length, and ear height, were measured with precision, and intergroup comparisons (by sex, age class, and season) were conducted using appropriate statistical analyses. The results showed that body weight in the sampled population exhibited a unimodal, approximately normal distribution, with 83.43% of individuals falling within the 40.01-270.00 g range; the modal interval (80.01-240.00 g) accounted for 60.45% of all specimens. Age structure was dominated by adult group I, adult group II, and elderly individuals, collectively representing 69.47% of the sample. No statistically significant sexual dimorphism was observed for any of the five measured morphometric traits (all P>0.05). In contrast, highly significant differences were detected across age classes (all P<0.01), and seasonal variation exerted a statistically significant influence on body size parameters (P<0.05). Under shared environmental conditions in rural Kashgar households, male and female R. norvegicus exhibit comparable growth trajectories and convergent somatic development with advancing age. Seasonal environmental fluctuations significantly modulate growth and morphological maturation. These findings establish a quantitative baseline for future investigations into the seasonal reproductive characteristics of R. norvegicus in rural Xinjiang and provide empirical support for spatially and temporally refined rodent control interventions.

Key words: farmhouses, Rattus norvegicus, morphological characteristics, age structure, Kashgar area

CLC Number:

S513玉米(玉蜀黍)

ABUDUKEYOUMU Kader, MADINA Ailijian, LIU Binghui. Rattus norvegicus in Farmhouses in Kashgar Area: Morphological Characteristics[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(17): 160-166.

Figures/Tables 5

References 25

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体重组	体重/g	数量/只	占比/%	体重组	体重/g	数量/只	占比/%
1	≤10.00	0	0	15	140.01~150.00	33	4.60
2	10.01~20.00	19	2.64	16	150.01~160.00	26	3.63
3	20.01~30.00	23	3.20	17	160.01~170.00	26	3.63
4	30.01~40.00	20	2.79	18	170.01~180.00	41	5.71
5	40.01~50.00	31	4.32	19	180.01~190.00	35	4.87
6	50.01~60.00	22	3.06	20	190.01~200.00	29	4.04
7	60.01~70.00	33	4.60	21	200.01~210.00	26	3.62
8	70.01~80.00	25	3.48	22	210.01~220.00	28	3.90
9	80.01~90.00	22	3.06	23	220.01~230.00	23	3.20
10	90.01~100.00	20	2.79	24	230.01~240.00	26	3.63
11	100.01~110.00	22	3.06	25	240.01~250.00	22	3.06
12	110.01~120.00	27	3.76	26	250.01~260.00	19	2.64
13	120.01~130.00	24	3.34	27	260.01~270.00	13	1.81
14	130.01~140.00	26	3.63	28	>270.00	57	7.94

体重组	体重/g	数量/只	占比/%	体重组	体重/g	数量/只	占比/%
1	≤10.00	0	0	15	140.01~150.00	33	4.60
2	10.01~20.00	19	2.64	16	150.01~160.00	26	3.63
3	20.01~30.00	23	3.20	17	160.01~170.00	26	3.63
4	30.01~40.00	20	2.79	18	170.01~180.00	41	5.71
5	40.01~50.00	31	4.32	19	180.01~190.00	35	4.87
6	50.01~60.00	22	3.06	20	190.01~200.00	29	4.04
7	60.01~70.00	33	4.60	21	200.01~210.00	26	3.62
8	70.01~80.00	25	3.48	22	210.01~220.00	28	3.90
9	80.01~90.00	22	3.06	23	220.01~230.00	23	3.20
10	90.01~100.00	20	2.79	24	230.01~240.00	26	3.63
11	100.01~110.00	22	3.06	25	240.01~250.00	22	3.06
12	110.01~120.00	27	3.76	26	250.01~260.00	19	2.64
13	120.01~130.00	24	3.34	27	260.01~270.00	13	1.81
14	130.01~140.00	26	3.63	28	>270.00	57	7.94

指标	性别	样本数/只	范围	平均值±标准误	标准差	变异系数/%	t-测验
体重/g	雌鼠	374	16.70~348.00	158.60±3.22	62.30	39.28	t=-2.88, P=0.008
体重/g	雄鼠	341	15.10~357.60	172.30±3.51	65.10	37.78	t=-2.88, P=0.008
体长/mm	雌鼠	374	86.00~398.00	223.50±3.04	58.70	26.26	t=-1.83, P=0.135
体长/mm	雄鼠	340	75.00~414.00	231.70±3.30	61.20	26.41	t=-1.83, P=0.135
尾长/mm	雌鼠	371	76.00~275.00	156.20±1.63	31.50	20.17	t=-1.77, P=0.153
尾长/mm	雄鼠	338	65.00~208.00	160.50±1.80	33.20	20.69	t=-1.77, P=0.153
后足长/mm	雌鼠	374	15.30~40.00	33.80±0.19	3.60	10.65	t=-3.97, P<0.001
后足长/mm	雄鼠	340	16.00~41.00	34.90±0.20	3.80	10.89	t=-3.97, P<0.001
耳高/mm	雌鼠	373	7.00~42.00	17.90±0.14	2.80	15.64	t=-2.82, P=0.010
耳高/mm	雄鼠	339	10.00~24.00	18.50±0.16	2.90	15.67	t=-2.82, P=0.010

指标	性别	样本数/只	范围	平均值±标准误	标准差	变异系数/%	t-测验
体重/g	雌鼠	374	16.70~348.00	158.60±3.22	62.30	39.28	t=-2.88, P=0.008
体重/g	雄鼠	341	15.10~357.60	172.30±3.51	65.10	37.78	t=-2.88, P=0.008
体长/mm	雌鼠	374	86.00~398.00	223.50±3.04	58.70	26.26	t=-1.83, P=0.135
体长/mm	雄鼠	340	75.00~414.00	231.70±3.30	61.20	26.41	t=-1.83, P=0.135
尾长/mm	雌鼠	371	76.00~275.00	156.20±1.63	31.50	20.17	t=-1.77, P=0.153
尾长/mm	雄鼠	338	65.00~208.00	160.50±1.80	33.20	20.69	t=-1.77, P=0.153
后足长/mm	雌鼠	374	15.30~40.00	33.80±0.19	3.60	10.65	t=-3.97, P<0.001
后足长/mm	雄鼠	340	16.00~41.00	34.90±0.20	3.80	10.89	t=-3.97, P<0.001
耳高/mm	雌鼠	373	7.00~42.00	17.90±0.14	2.80	15.64	t=-2.82, P=0.010
耳高/mm	雄鼠	339	10.00~24.00	18.50±0.16	2.90	15.67	t=-2.82, P=0.010

指标	年龄组	样本数/只	范围	平均值±标准误	标准差	变异系数/%	t-测验
体重/g	Ⅰ	91	15.10~60.00	38.60±1.24	11.90	30.83
	Ⅱ	128	60.10~110.00	85.30±1.02	11.50	13.48	t=28.65, P<0.01
	Ⅲ	145	110.10~160.00	135.20±0.98	11.80	8.73	t=32.47, P<0.01
	Ⅳ	161	160.10~210.00	184.60±0.86	10.90	5.90	t=22.83, P<0.01
	Ⅴ	193	210.10~357.60	275.30±3.12	43.70	15.87	t=12.69, P<0.01
体长/mm	Ⅰ	91	75.00~144.00	106.08±2.14	20.80	19.48
	Ⅱ	128	109.00~187.00	154.20±1.36	15.30	9.92	t=15.73, P<0.01
	Ⅲ	145	168.00~233.00	200.30±1.28	15.50	7.74	t=20.36, P<0.01
	Ⅳ	161	215.00~286.00	251.60±1.42	17.90	7.11	t=18.49, P<0.01
	Ⅴ	193	262.00~414.00	312.50±2.86	40.20	12.86	t=8.07, P<0.01
尾长/mm	Ⅰ	91	65.00~115.00	90.60±1.86	18.00	19.87
	Ⅱ	128	97.00~148.0	124.30±1.12	12.60	10.14	t=11.92, P<0.01
	Ⅲ	145	135.00~178.00	156.80±1.04	12.60	8.04	t=22.45, P<0.01
	Ⅳ	161	162.00~192.00	176.50±0.96	12.10	6.86	t=10.98, P<0.01
	Ⅴ	93	175.00~275.00	195.20±2.04	28.60	14.65	t=5.19, P<0.01
后足长/mm	Ⅰ	91	15.30~28.00	23.80±0.36	3.50	14.71
	Ⅱ	128	27.20~33.00	29.60±0.14	1.60	5.40	t=12.17, P<0.01
	Ⅲ	145	30.00~35.00	32.50±0.12	1.50	4.61	t=15.29, P<0.01
	Ⅳ	161	32.00~38.00	35.10±0.13	1.70	4.84	t=11.36, P<0.01
	Ⅴ	193	34.00~41.00	37.60±0.21	2.90	7.71	t=4.08, P<0.01
耳高/mm	Ⅰ	91	7.00~16.00	13.80±0.21	2.00	14.49
	Ⅱ	128	14.00~18.00	16.30±0.10	1.10	6.75	t=9.27, P<0.01
	Ⅲ	145	16.00~20.00	18.10±0.11	1.30	7.18	t=10.7, P<0.01
	Ⅳ	161	17.00~21.00	18.50±0.10	1.30	7.03	t=1.92, P>0.01
	Ⅴ	193	18.00~42.00	19.20±0.38	5.30	27.60	t=1.12, P>0.01