Abstract: After the measures of natural selection and cross breeding, induced mutation breeding by radiation has also become an effective method for creating new fruit tree germplasms. Mutation frequency of fruit tree genes has been greatly improved through induced mutation of radiation. Besides, it can also generate small quantities of mutations from which new germplasms unobtainable by regulative breeding can be obtained. For the past decades of induced mutation breeding by radiation, a good number of new fruit tree germplasms with fine biological and economical properties have been created both home and abroad. Meanwhile, radioactive materials, mutagens and induced measures have also been supplemented and improved. Researches on mutation of spur type, of early-maturity, of resistance and of non-seeds are further developing, too. At the same time, we believe that induced mutation breeding by radiation combined with regular cross breeding and in vitro culture is the direction of its future development. There are many successful examples in breeding of agricultural crop for the combination of induced breeding and haploid breeding, which provide useful reference for its application in fruit tree breeding.