Abstract: The aromatic compounds of melon fruit of ten different cultivars were analyzed using solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME), gas chromatoraphy-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and other methods. The results indicated that oriental melons contained more kinds of aromatic compounds as compared to thick-skinned melons. The main aromatic compounds in oriental melons were acetic esters, such as Ethyl acetate, Acetic acid 2-methylpropyl ester and Acetic acid hexyl ester etc; In the thick-skinned melons, the aromatic compounds of the cantaloupe mainly were 1-Octanol, 2-Octanol, Octanal and the other alcohols and aldehydes; In the netted melons and the thick-skinned melons of the thin-skin types mainly contained saturated and unsaturated nine carbon chain aliphatic aldehydes and alcohols, such as (Z,Z)-3,6-Nonadienal, (Z)-6-Nonenal and 1-Nonanol etc; In the thick-skinned melons of the smooth bark types Honeydew melon and Elizabeth mainly contained the esters of small molecule weight, such as Methyl acetate, Ethyl acetate and Acetic acid 2-methylpropyl ester, this was similar with the oriental melons, but the aldehydes in the Honeydew melon and Elizabeth were not found; The Cultivar Xinlimei No.2 , Yuanshou and Tianmi mainly contained saturated and 1-Nonanol etc. The nutritional quality of melon fruit of ten different cultivars indicated that the nutritional quality in the oriental melons were significantly difference; In the thick-skinned melons, the nutritional in the unsaturated nine carbon chain aliphatic aldehydes significantly lower than it in the thick-skinned melon.