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• 2020 Vol.36 No.3 Published:25 January 2020

  Mechanically-transplanted Double Rice in Jiangxi: Typical Production Model and Effect Wu Qingxiang, Zeng Yongjun, Cheng Huihuang, Cheng Chen, Shi Qinghua, Pan Xiaohua 2020, 36 (3):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090074 Abstract + ( 459 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1194KB )   ( 111 ) To explore the promotion effect of cooperatives on mechanically-transplanted double rice, two typical cooperative models (the cooperative model and the service model) were studied, and a comparative analysis was conducted on cooperative households and ordinary farm households based on the survey data from farmers, cooperatives and large agricultural machinery markets of 30 towns in 10 counties of double-cropping rice area in Jiangxi Province. The results showed that the cooperative households had the advantages of lower cost and higher income over ordinary farm households, and the production effect of the cooperatives was better; the age of cooperative farmers were younger, whose education level, field scale and capital were higher, and the proportion of machine transplanting was higher in cooperatives; of all typical models, the more popular ones in Jiangxi were the large farm machinery households plus large farm households and the “order-based” service. In the future, large grain production households, large breeding households and large farm machinery households are the major participants in the development of cooperative production in Jiangxi, and the key development model is that the cooperatives provide the whole process social service for rice production.

  Planting Density Affects the Thermal Effect in Shallow Soil of Cold Region Rice Zhao Liming, Gu Chunmei, Wang Shiqiang, Wang Liping, Wang He, Na Yongguang, Xie Baosheng 2020, 36 (3):  7-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080065 Abstract + ( 558 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1793KB )   ( 63 ) The objective is to improve people’s awareness of the thermal effect change in shallow soil of rice in cold region. The experiment was carried out in field, and ‘Kongyu131’ was used as the experimental material. Five planting densities were set up, including 30×8 cm (D1), 30×10 cm (D2), 30×12 cm (D3), 30×14 cm (D4) and 30×16 cm (D5), respectively. The effects of different planting densities on the thermal effect of shallow soil were analyzed. The results showed that the temperature of all soil layers reached the highest value at heading stage, and began to decrease after grain filling, and the temperature difference was reduced. The temperature stability of 10 cm soil was the highest. Under the influence of planting density, the soil temperature of high density treatment increased rapidly during the day, the temperature at night was the lowest, and the temperature difference between day and night was large, and the highest daily average temperature appeared earlier. The soil temperature of D1 and D2 treatments changed almost synchronously in 10 cm and 15 cm soil layers. In contrast, the occurrence time of Tmax and Tmin in different soil layers was postponed with the deepening of soil depth. Tavg, Tmax and Tmin were positively correlated with air temperature during the whole growth period, while Tmax-min tended to decrease with the increase of density. The main effects were at tillering stage and filling stage, and the effect increased with the density. D2 treatment had the highest yield of 9.27 t/hm 2, increased by 13.5%-14.6% compared with D1 and D5 treatments. It showed that the appropriate density condition could realize the scientific regulation of the thermal effect of shallow soil layer and improve the yield.

  30 Worldwide Wheat Germplasm Resources: Analysis and Evaluation of Main Agronomic Traits Ni Yongjing, Jiang Xiaojun, Lu Zuquan, Zhu Peipei, Hu Xin, Han Tongjin 2020, 36 (3):  16-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700380 Abstract + ( 748 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1119KB )   ( 108 ) In order to provide more suitable parental materials for wheat breeding and select germplasm resources with excellent agronomic traits, 13 major agronomic traits of 30 worldwide wheat germplasm resources were used as indexes, principal components analysis and cluster analysis was conducted for 30 worldwide wheat germplasm resources. The results showed that the information content of the top 5 principal components of agronomic traits accounted for 85.077%, among which the first principal component was the yield factor and the contribution rate was 39.947%. When the Euclidean square distance was 5.00, tested varieties could be divided into three groups. In groupⅠ, there were 18 materials, belonging to the mid-low height with mid-high yielding type varieties. In group Ⅱ, there were 6 materials, belonging to the mid-low height with high-yielding varieties. The yield and yield factors were the best performance, which were excellent comprehensive agronomic traits of breeding varieties. In group Ⅲ, there were 6 materials, which were imported or weak spring material, belonging to the high height with mid-low yielding type. The results show that the foreign materials are not adaptable to the environment, which need to be improved and utilized in order to meet the needs of local breeding.

  Phosphorus Utilization in Winter Wheat Production in North China Lin Feiyang, Wang Liming, Xu Xiuchun, Du Aifang, Meng Fanqiao 2020, 36 (3):  23-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080029 Abstract + ( 543 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1384KB )   ( 107 ) In China’s agricultural intensification process, the low utilization efficiency of chemical fertilizers, especially phosphorus (P) fertilizer, and the high residual of P fertilizer in soil could cause the waste of P resources and the increase of diffusion pollution risk from P leaching and run-off. Through literature review, this paper collected the publications on winter wheat experiments in North China and Shaanxi and Shanxi since 1980, analyzed the data of wheat production and P fertilization. A regression modeling equation on grain and crop yield of winter wheat and P fertilizer application rate and the P content of wheat grain and straw was developed. At the fertilizer rate of 61 kg P2O5/hm 2, the winter wheat-soil system exhibited the balanced input and output of P. With the increase of fertilizer P, the positive P balance (input-output) increased linearly with the fertilizer P rate. At the current fertilizer rate of 102 kg P2O5/hm 2, the fertilizer P residual after crop harvest was about 25.7 kg P2O5/hm 2. The average utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer in winter wheat production in North China was (14.7±7.6)% and nitrogen fertilizer helped to increase this efficiency. On the whole, the use efficiency of diammonium phosphate via winter wheat is higher than that of calcium superphosphate, and the mixed application of organic fertilizer with chemical P fertilizer also favors the P utilization efficiency. Among the wheat varieties, ‘Zhengmai 9023’ has the highest P fertilizer efficiency. The utilization efficiency of fertilizer P via winter wheat in North China can be improved by selecting appropriate type of phosphate fertilizer and wheat varieties, the reasonable nitrogen fertilization as well as the combined use of organic and chemical P fertilizers. These practices have high implications for improving fertilizer P use efficiency, reducing the losses of fertilizer P and mitigating diffusion pollution in North China.

  Shading and Strong Gluten Wheat in Middle-Southern Hebei Province: Effects on Morphology and Quality Characters Gao Zhenxian, Ban Jinfu, Tian Guoying, Cao Qiao, Han Ran, Shan Zilong, Xu Zheli 2020, 36 (3):  30-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080080 Abstract + ( 391 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1202KB )   ( 58 ) To investigate the changes of major morphology and quality characters under shading after anthese, four wheat varieties with strong gluten and suitable for planting in the middle-southern Hebei Province were selected as materials and shading treatments were conducted after anthese. The results indicated that 25% (S1) shading could increase the plant height compared with control (S0), however, the increasing rate of 50% shading (S2) was lower than that of S1, plant height of ‘Gaoyou 2018’ was even lower than that of S0. There were significant differences in the parameters of flag leaf among the wheat varieties with shading treatments, for example the flag leaf area of ‘Shiluan 02-1’ and ‘Shiyou 20’ increased with the length of leaf increasing, the flag leaf thickness of ‘Gaoyou 5766’ reduced, while no change was detected in the flag leaf of ‘Gaoyou 2018’. The change characteristics between varieties were different, shading increased paste development time, stability time, extension energy and max resistance of ‘Shiyou 20’ and ‘Gaoyou 5766’, but decreased the paste development time, stability time, extension area and max resistance of ‘Shiluan 02-1’, decreased the paste development time, stability time and max resistance of ‘Gaoyou 2018’ but increased the extension area. The responses of high-quality strong gluten wheat had something in common, but there was also difference between varieties. Under shading condition, it may be that the low photosynthetic rate of leaves decreases dry matter accumulation and transportation, and the increase of protein content leads to the general response, like the increase of protein and wet gluten content. However, the grain protein components are different among the four wheat varieties, which may be the important reason for the difference on the starch and extensograph paramters.

  Top Dressing of Nitrogen and Boron Fertilizer Affects Maize Grain Yield Under Anthesis Shading Cui Yakun, Kong Lingjie, Zheng Fei, Chen Yanping, Yuan Jianhua 2020, 36 (3):  36-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090033 Abstract + ( 554 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1140KB )   ( 112 ) Shading is the major limited factor for maize grain yield, and enhancing the shading tolerance of maize can contribute to the high grain yield and the anti-abiotic stress cultivation. An experiment was conducted using the maize cultivar ‘Suyu 29’ to investigate the effect of top dressing of nitrogen and boron fertilizer on plant morphology, biomass and grain yield under anthesis shading. The results showed that plant height, stem thickness, leaf area and biomass decreased under the shading condition, and the anthesis-silking interval was lengthened. Compared with shading treatment, top dressing of nitrogen and boron fertilizer in ear-bearing stage increased plant height, stem thickness, leaf area and dry matter accumulation, and the increase range reached the peak under nitrogen and boron fertilizer combination. Shading treatment increased bale length, decreased kernel number and weight, and the application of nitrogen and boron fertilizer alleviated the negative effects on bale length and kernel number. The grain yield under shading treatment with boron, nitrogen and both boron and nitrogen increased by 36.7%, 8.0% and 43.1% respectively. The biomass was influenced by the limited leaf area, and the reduction of grain yield was related to the lengthened bale length and the reduced kernel number and kernel weight. Top dressing with nitrogen and boron fertilizer in the ear-bearing stage can help to relieve the negative effects of shading during anthesis on grain yield of maize.

  The Boundary Line Analysis Assesses Limiting Factors of Wheat/Watermelon/Maize Intercropping System Yang Xiaotong, Zhang Yi, Lin Yaoyao, Liao Dan, Huang Chengdong, Zhang Chaochun 2020, 36 (3):  40-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090047 Abstract + ( 924 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF ( 1187KB )   ( 499 ) This study aims to analyze key factors limiting yield of wheat/watermelon/maize intercropping system and optimize the system. By using farmer survey, we investigated the wheat/watermelon/maize intercropping model in Quzhou County, Hebei Province, including the seeding rate, nutrient input and yield of wheat and maize, as well as nutrient input and yield of watermelon, and then applied the boundary line analysis to assess the limiting factors of wheat/watermelon/maize intercropping high-yield system. The results showed that the key limiting factor of wheat yield was the seeding rate, which contributed up to 17.8%, followed by nutrients input with P2O5, K2O, N contribution of 12.5%, 11.7% and 8.0%, respectively. The key factor limiting watermelon yield was potassium fertilizer input, with the contribution rate of 15.8%, and N, P2O5 contribution of 14.2% and 11.8% respectively. The key factor limiting maize yield was nitrogen fertilizer input, with the contribution rate of 20.6%, followed by K2O of 14.2% and P2O5 of 11.5%, and sowing density of 9.2%, respectively. In conclusion, in the wheat/watermelon/maize intercropping system, farmers should properly regulate sowing rate of wheat, optimize the amount of potassium fertilizer for watermelon and nitrogen fertilizer for maize, and consequently promote the yield advantage of the intercropping system.

  Tobacco Straw Utilization and Enzyme Solution Effect Analysis Yu Qingtao, Ma Guanhua, Yao Tingshan, Liu Xu 2020, 36 (3):  47-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080111 Abstract + ( 572 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1221KB )   ( 66 ) The paper aims to utilize abandoned tobacco straw and improve its utilization rate effectively, so as to make tobacco plants grow healthier. In this study, the enzyme solution made from the common abandoned tobacco straw in field was used to mix with the screened actinomycetes, Streptomyces griseochromogenes, and the effects of mixed enzyme solution on the growth and development of tobacco seedlings and tobacco plants at seedling and harvest stage were studied. The results showed that: the application of tobacco enzyme solution could increase the yield and quality of tobacco and the ratio of tobacco to superior tobacco; among them, the mixed application of tobacco enzyme solution and S. griseochromogenes had the best effect, which was superior to other treatments and significantly superior to the control. The method of mixing tobacco enzyme solution with antagonistic actinomycetes can be recommended for tobacco production, which not only reduce the accumulation of pathogens caused by abandoned straw in field, but also effectively improve the yield and quality of tobacco.

  Response of Crop Root Morphology to Fertilization Measures Wang Ning, Li Jiguang, Lou Yilai, Wang Yidong, Li Zhongfang, Song Jiqing, Zhang Xiaojun 2020, 36 (3):  53-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600351 Abstract + ( 470 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1085KB )   ( 85 ) The paper aims to effectively use limited fertilizer resources and provide a theoretical basis for the selection of high-efficiency crop varieties to further maximize crop economic benefits and minimize environmental pollution. We summarized a series of root morphological changes resulted from crops adapting to different fertilization conditions, and analyzed the influences of different fertilization treatments on crop root morphological indexes. The main results were as follows: (1) the root system of plants generally had the phenomenon of “low promotion and high inhibition” with the increase of element level; (2) reducing and optimizing fertilizer could promote the development and establishment of crop roots; (3) too high and too low elements inhibited the root growth; (4) organic fertilizer could make up for the single nutrient in chemical fertilizer and unbalanced fertilizer supply, and could promote the growth and development of roots combined with chemical fertilizer. Crops can adapt to different fertilizer treatments through the adaptive change of root morphology, so as to enhance the absorption of nutrient elements in soil and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer by changing morphological development.

  Adsorption Properties and Application of Modified Cellulose: A Review Xing Lei, Yang Shiqi 2020, 36 (3):  59-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090032 Abstract + ( 561 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1192KB )   ( 488 ) Cellulose is widely used as a natural bio-based material. The modification of cellulose and its application in adsorption have been the focus of research. In addition to introduce the basic structure of modified cellulose, this thesis summarizes the cellulose that modified by chemical modification and the high adsorption capacity of modified cellulose for various aquatic pollutants. We focus on the adsorption, adsorption mechanism of modified fiber and adsorption of metal ions and nitrogen and phosphorus in water. Moreover, this thesis also suggests that applying modified fiber material to soil could provide a comprehensive explanation for soil improvement and crop yield. Meanwhile, combining the modified cellulose with fertilizer improves the utilization rate of fertilizer and reduces the non-point source pollution caused by fertilization.

  The Matching of Light Heat Water and Its Influence on Crops in Wuwei Jiang Jufang, Qi Yue, Wang Heling, Wei Yuguo, Cheng Qian, Yang Hua 2020, 36 (3):  66-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100021 Abstract + ( 531 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1321KB )   ( 230 ) To enhance the ability of meteorological service for agriculture and ensure the safety of food production, based on the fixed-point observation data of light heat water resources, crop growth and yield from 1981 to 2017 in various counties (districts) of Wuwei City, the change and matching characteristics of light heat water resources and their impacts on crops were analyzed by using climatic tendency rate, correlation coefficient method and SPSS13.0 statistical software. The results showed that: (1) 1981-2017, the ≥10℃ accumulated temperature and sunshine hours increased significantly, and the increase range and stability decreased gradually from north to south, during the period, the precipitation slightly increased, the light, heat and water resources increased steadily in the middle and north, the suitable climate region for crop growth were enlarged; (2) the hydrothermal coefficient showed a decreasing trend, the dryness increased slightly except in Minqin, the light temperature product showed an extremely significant increase trend, while the light temperature ratio showed an extremely significant increase in Minqin and Liangzhou, but an extremely significant decrease in Gulang and Tianzhu, the light temperature matching was beneficial to the formation and development of crop yield; (3) according to the correlation coefficient, the increase of light and heat resources promoted the growth and fruiting process of cool-loving crops, and the matching of light and heat could increase the grain weight and economic yield of warm-loving crops. According to the matching of light, heat and water resources in the whole city, Tianzhu and Gulang shallow mountainous are suitable for the growth of cool crops, and their climatic conditions are also suitable for developing animal husbandry and forestry. Minqin, Liangzhou and Gulang flat land are suitable for growing warm-loving crops, such as maize, sweet sorghum, millet, sunflower and melon fruits, and for developing characteristic agriculture.

  Effects of Land Use Change on Habitat Quality Based on InVEST Model: A Case of the Songnen Plain Chen Shanshan, Zang Shuying, Sun Li 2020, 36 (3):  74-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080113 Abstract + ( 791 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 2259KB )   ( 221 ) Taking the semi-humid and semi-arid Songnen Plain as an example, we utilized the InVEST model to evaluate habitat quality and analyzed the impact of land use change on habitat quality. The results showed that: from 1995 to 2015, the area of cultivated land and unexploited land increased, and the area of other kinds of land decreased in the Songnen Plain. In addition, the grassland, construction land and unexploited land were transferred into other kinds of land dramatically. During the 21 years, cultivated land was the dominant landscape in the Songnen Plain and the fragmentation degree of the landscape increased. The habitat quality index was below 0.6 and the habitat quality in most areas was at the middle and low level, however, the habitat quality of the eastern region in the Songnen Plain was at a good and excellent level, and was better than that of other areas. Countermeasures are put forward as improving the landscape pattern such as cultivated land, unused land and construction land, and synchronizing the economic development with the enhancement of habitat quality.

  Main Agro-meteorological Disasters Heilongjiang: Sequential Characteristics and Grey Correlation Analysis of Their Effects on Soybean Yield Wang Qiujing, Li Xiufen, Yan Ping, Lv Jiajia, Wang Liangliang, Ma Guozhong 2020, 36 (3):  81-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700428 Abstract + ( 529 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1275KB )   ( 164 ) To discuss the effects of agro-meteorological disasters on soybean yield in Heilongjiang. Based on the data of agro-meteorological disasters and soybean yield in Heilongjiang from 1974 to 2016, we analyzed the sequential variation characteristics of agro-meteorological disasters and soybean yield with the mathematical statistics method, and established the mathematical model based on the gray correlation analysis, constructed the disaster rate with the disaster-affected range and the disaster intensity, and divided the research period into two stages from 1982-1998 and 1999-2016. The results showed that: the agro-meteorological disasters had a negative impact on soybean yield in Heilongjiang; in the view of the disaster-affected range and the disaster intensity perspective, the drought disaster was the key agro-meteorological disasters to affect the soybean yield in Heilongjiang during 1982-1998 (phase 1); the flood had a great impact on disaster-affected range, and the effects of wind hail on the disaster intensity were great during 1999-2016 (phase 2). In conclusion, the most serious period for soybean yield is phase 1 (during 1982-1998); 4 types of disasters have a greater impact on the total yield and yield per unit area of soybean; on the second stage from 1999 to 2016, the impact of 4 types of disasters on the yield per unit ares is greater than that on the total yield of soybean.

  Response of Spring Maize Growth Period to Climate Change in Qingyang Area of Loess Plateau Che Xiangjun, Ren Jibang, Lu Xueqin, Du Jun, Tian Yunya, Zhao Jie 2020, 36 (3):  88-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120087 Abstract + ( 482 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1200KB )   ( 122 ) The aims are to study the climate change characteristics and phenological changes of spring maize during the growth period in Qingyang of the Loess Plateau, and provide a basis for food production safety and information service. The temperature, precipitation and active accumulated temperature (≥10℃) of spring maize growing period at representative observation stations in Qingyang area were used as objects. The climate resources and phenological characteristics of spring maize under climate change were analyzed. The results showed that the average temperature showed an upward trend during the whole growth period of spring maize, and the upward rate was 0.6℃/10a. The average precipitation showed a decreasing trend with a decreasing rate of 8.7 mm/10a, but the rainwater in most years could meet the needs of maize growth. Accumulated temperature showed an increasing trend with a change rate of 58.0℃/10a and heat resource was sufficient. The trend of stable passage through 10℃ was earlier and the change rate was 6.3 d/10a. The number of days of the whole growth period of spring maize showed a reducing response, with a decrease of 1.7d/10a. Therefore, climate change is more favorable for planting spring maize, especially the increase of heat resource, which is conducive to expanding planting boundaries and increasing yield. We should make full use of climate resource and adapt to local conditions, and choose suitable varieties and sowing date. At the same time, we should strengthen field management and make full use of climate production potential, to improve the economic benefits of maize planting and provide decision-making basis for targeted poverty alleviation.

  Growth Stages of Irrigation Spring Maize in Shiyang River Basin: Response to Climate Change Yang Hua, Jiang Jufang, Ding Wenkui, Wang Runyuan, Cheng Qian, Li Xingyu 2020, 36 (3):  93-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090070 Abstract + ( 656 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1274KB )   ( 95 ) Based on studying the response of the irrigation spring maize growth stages to climate change in Shiyang River Basin by using the observations data of the irrigation spring maize growth stages from 1981 to 2016 of Wuwei Agrometeorological Experiment Station of Gansu Province, we aim to provide references for optimizing agricultural planting structure, adjusting variety structure and increasing utilization efficiency of heat resources in the region under the background of climate warming. The trend rate, Spearman correlation analysis and the principal component analysis were conducted. The results showed that the sowing stage, milk ripening stage and maturation stage were postponed, while jointing and tasseling stages were ahead of time from 1981 to 2016. The number of days decreased from sowing stage to tasseling stage, increased from tasseling stage to maturating stage of irrigation spring maize, and the number of days of the whole growth period decreased. In most years, the sowing date was earlier than the suitable date (the first day of active accumulated temperature greater than or equal to 10°C) from 1981 to 2008, and the sowing date was later than the suitable date from 2009 to 2016, and the maturating date was earlier than the first frost date in most years. Temperature factor was the most notable during recent 36 years in Shiyang River Basin on irrigation spring maize. The principle components analysis showed that the effects of the advancing of the first day of active accumulated temperature greater than or equal to 10°C, the prolonging of temperature growth stages, the average temperature, the highest temperature and the lowest temperature of the growth stages were more notable than the hours of sunshine.

  Agricultural Climate Production Potential in Shijiazhuang: Change Analysis Zhou Jianbo, Fan Fengcui, Du Xinglan, Wu Yunlong, Liu Shengyao 2020, 36 (3):  100-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090060 Abstract + ( 595 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1195KB )   ( 115 ) The paper aims to quantitatively evaluate, rationally develop and utilize the agricultural climate resources in Shijiazhuang. We took the daily meteorological data from 9 counties of Shijiazhuang during 1964-2012 as the research object, and studied the changes of agricultural climate production potential by using the Thornthwaite Memorial model and the Miami model. The results showed that: the climate production potential in Shijiazhuang was on the rise, however, the upward trend was not obvious; the climate production potential had experienced 3 periodic stages of “decrease-increase-decrease-increase-decrease-increase”; the spatial variation trend increased from southwest to northeast; precipitation was the main factor limited the climate production potential; and the climate production potential in mountainous area was greater than that in the plains.

  Agrometeorological Disasters Damage Index and Crop Planting Pattern Yield in Dongting Lake Area: Grey Correlation Analysis Xing Hucheng, Liu Ling, Lu Kuidong, Jie Yucheng 2020, 36 (3):  104-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090006 Abstract + ( 469 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1244KB )   ( 101 ) To explore the damage caused by key meteorological disasters to crops and planting patterns in Dongting Lake area and provide a basis for disaster prevention and mitigation, based on the agrometeorological data in Yueyang, Changde and Yiyang station from 1994 to 2013, and the crop yield of Dongting Lake area in Hunan Rural Statistical Yearbook, we analyzed the disaster index and crop yield of agrometeorological disasters in this region, and conducted a grey correlation analysis of disaster index, crop yield and planting pattern yield. The results showed that: the meteorological disasters in Dongting Lake mainly were high temperature, drought, low temperature and flood; the time of disaster year in Dongting Lake area was not the same, and there were regional differences; grey correlation analysis showed that: high temperature had the greatest effect on crop yield in Changde and Yiyang, while light drought had the greatest effect on crop yield in Yueyang. High temperature and mild drought had the greatest effect on 4 planting patterns of double cropping rice with winter fallow, single-season rice with rape, rape with cotton and rape with corn, followed by disasters such as late spring cold, mild flood, moderate drought, mild cold dew wind weather and low temperature in April.

  BBD-response Surface Methodology Optimizes the Cultivation Conditions of Producing Gliotoxin by Trichoderma viride Pan Dongmei, Yang Chuanlun, Zhang Xinqing, Ni Jianlong, Wang Xiuzhi, Wang Chun 2020, 36 (3):  111-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090008 Abstract + ( 499 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1630KB )   ( 193 ) The aim is to optimize the cultivation conditions of producing gliotoxin by Trichoderma viride. 5 important factors in the gliotoxin cultivation from Trichoderma viride were chosen, and the response surface analysis experiment (five factors three levels) was designed. A predictive model was established through the analysis of the data by Design-Expert 8.0, and the reliability of the model was verified. The optimal condition of gliotoxin production was determined as follows: the cultivation temperature was 29.42℃, the initial pH value of the medium was 6.35, the inoculation volume was 5.4%, the cultivation was for 54.5 h, the bacterium age was 44.5 h. The titer of gliotoxin was increased by 15.08% compared with that before the optimization.

  Feathers from 3 Species of Apodidae in Beijing: Scanning Electron Microscope Observation Wang Junjie, Chen Hongyan, Liu Lei, Liu Gang, Zeng Chaohui, Xia Xiaofei 2020, 36 (3):  117-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500155 Abstract + ( 647 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2937KB )   ( 130 ) The paper aims to systematically study the characteristics of 3 kinds of swifts’ feathers in Apodidae from Beijing, so as to provide data for the protection and classification of Apodidae. We compared and observed the microstructures of feathers from Apus pacificus, Apus apus and Hirundapus caudacutus in Apodidae, Apodiformes from Beijing. The following steps were carried out: re-identification, confirming the sample location, sampling, degreasing, ultrasonic cleaning, drying in natural condition, ion sputtering, and SEM observation. The results showed that: the remiges feathers, rectrices feathers and downy feathers were mainly composed of distal barbules and proximal barbules, these barbules formed a flexible and strong vane to reduce the air resistance. The surface ornamentation of small shaft from remiges feathers, the shape of nodes from 3 kinds of feathers of Apus pacificus, Apus apus and Hirundapus caudacutus could be used as an important feature of inter-species classification, and the other feature parameters of feathers could be used as references.

  Advances in Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker Wang Tao, Zhang Jiyu, Wang Gang, Jia Zhanhui, Pan Delin, Guo Zhongren 2020, 36 (3):  123-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090034 Abstract + ( 422 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1096KB )   ( 104 ) Studies and discoveries by scholars at home and abroad in recent years on kiwifruit bacterial canker were summarized. Symptom, harm and route of transmission, and characteristic, classification and origin of pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae were introduced in detail, the probable pathogenesis was analyzed, and studies on resistance of kiwifruit were outlined. Based on the control method and related studies so far, an outlook on research direction and control measures were provided. A control method of guard against the pathogenic bacterium, enhancing tree vigor and chemical control was put forward. This article could provide a foundation for future studies and production practice.

  N-nitro-2,4,6-trifluoroaniline Affects Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Rice Zhou Yanghai, Cai Cong, Yue Xiali 2020, 36 (3):  129-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090035 Abstract + ( 455 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1212KB )   ( 74 ) To explore the plant growth regulating activity of N-nitro-2,4,6-trifluoroaniline for rice and provide a basis for the practical application of N-nitro-2,4,6-trifluoroaniline, the effects of N-nitro-2,4,6-trifluoroaniline on rice germination parameters, root activity and morphological indexes of rice seedlings were investigated by paper germination method, Perti dish method and soilless cultivation method. The results showed that after presoaking seeds in the 2.5 mg/L N-nitro-2,4,6-trifluoroaniline, the viability of rice seeds was promoted, the activity of α-amylase was significantly enhanced, the germination rate, root length and stem length were all increased significantly. The length of main root and lateral root, root surface area of rice seedlings were promoted with the treatment of 2.5-5 mg/L N-nitro-2,4,6-trifluoroaniline. Root meristem was more active, and the activity of root system was enhanced. The lower concentration of N-nitro-2,4,6-trifluoroaniline promotes the growth and development of rice, thus N-nitro-2,4,6-trifluoroaniline compound has certain application prospects.

  Screening, Identification and Antagonism Evaluation of Antagonistic Bacteria Against Soil-borne Diseases of Tomato Chi Xiaoli, Liu Kexin, Xu Chao, Liu Weiwei, Zhang Xiao, Zhu Hao, Jin Xiao, Sun Zhongtao, Liu Liying 2020, 36 (3):  135-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090042 Abstract + ( 474 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1294KB )   ( 73 ) Soil-borne diseases seriously affect the yield and economic benefits of tomato, and it is of great significance to select excellent antagonistic microorganism for biological control of soil-borne diseases. In this study, NSB-26 and RSB-6 two antagonistic strains were isolated from rhizosphere soil of tomato using four pathogenic fungi (Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria) of tomato root rot. NSB-26 and RSB-6 were identified as Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus siamensis by physiological and biochemical tests and 16S rDNA analysis, respectively. The pot experiment was carried out to verify the effect of the obtained strain on tomato root rot disease. Three treatments were set: treated with pathogen (T1), treated with antagonistic bacteria and pathogen mixture (T2), and treated with equal amount of water (CK). The results showed that the plant height, root length, the dry and fresh weight of T2 significantly increased compared with those of T1 and CK. The maximum increase range of plant height in T1 and T2 was 10.06% and 3.95%, respectively; and the increase of root length was up to 67.09% and 26.48%, respectively. After 15 days treatment, the maximum increase range of fresh weight of T1 and T2 was 133.21% and 93.20%, respectively, and that of dry weight was 126.42% and 81.82%, respectively. In addition, chlorophyll a and b content also increased significantly. In conclusion, antagonistic treatment could effectively reduce the soil borne disease and increase the resistance of tomato seedling, providing a research basis for further development and utilization of tomato rhizosphere antagonistic bacteria.

  The Biological Function of circRNA and Its Research Progress in Domestic Animals Li Jingjing, Qi Xiaolong, Wang Xiangguo, Xing Kai, Chang Di, Guo Yong, Ni Hemin, Sheng Xihui 2020, 36 (3):  142-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090073 Abstract + ( 452 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1075KB )   ( 90 ) circRNA is a kind of endogenous and circular non-coding RNAs. At present, the researches on circRNA mainly focus on cancer and tumor. There are fewer studies on circRNA in domestic animals, most of which are about the information mining of circRNA. In this paper, the generation way, classification, research methods, biological functions of circRNA are summed up. The research progress of circRNA on muscle development and fat deposition of domestic animals are summarized. Finally, the research problems of circRNAs in domestic animals are analyzed, and the future research direction of circRNA is discussed.

  Ipomoea aquatica: Purification of Aquaculture Water Contaminated by Methomyl and Effect on Fish Growth Wang Yuqin, James P. Mulbah, Meng Shunlong, Zheng Yao, Chen Jiazhang, Wu Wei 2020, 36 (3):  147-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600303 Abstract + ( 471 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1205KB )   ( 57 ) Methomyl is a highly toxic pesticide, which can contaminate aquaculture water by means of surface leaching. To study the purification efficiency of water spinach on methomyl in the water body and other water quality indexes and investigate the impact of water spinach on tilapia, we took methomyl, tilapia, water spinach and indoor cultivation system as test materials to measure the water quality indexes according to the Water and Wastewater Monitoring Analysis Methods. The methomyl concentration in the water body was measured by the Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS), and the glutathione (GSH) content (the DTNB method), superoxide dismutase (SOD) content (WST-1 method) and catalase (CAT) content (the Ultraviolet Spectroscopy) were measured using the assay kit. The results showed that the growth rate of tilapia decreased with the increase of methomyl concentration in water. Methomyl contamination led to increasing the oxidative pressure of the tilapia liver, and caused the changes of SOD, CAT and GSH. Water spinach could effectively reduce the content of methomyl in the aquaculture water through body absorption, it purified TN, NH4 +-N, NO3 --N and NO2 --N in the water contaminated by methomyl to a certain extent and reduced the oxidative stress of the tilapia liver. The study reveals that water spinach grown in water can effectively reduce the pollution of methomyl and ensure fish growth.

  Comparative Study on Nutritional Quality and Tasting Quality of Millet Grains from Different Producing Areas Wang Rui, Li Qixia, Qi Liting, Wang Min, Sun Wanrong, Wu Zhiyuan, Li Zhongqing 2020, 36 (3):  154-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090054 Abstract + ( 495 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1088KB )   ( 69 ) The study aims to identify suitable growing environment for improving the nutritional quality and tasting quality of millet grain based on the existing millet varieties. The nutritional quality and tasting quality of ‘Changnong No.38’, ‘Changnong No.39’ and ‘Changnong No.41’ millet grains were analyzed. The results showed that the millet growing area had a greater effect on vitamin B1, amylose, crude protein of ‘Changnong No.38’ millet grains, vitamin B1 and crude fat of ‘Changnong No.41’ millet grains, and the coefficient of variation was above 10%; the growing area had little effect on the nutritional quality of ‘Changnong No.39’ millet grains, and the coefficient of variation was below 10%. It can be seen from the comparison of the tasting quality that the consistency of millet grains planted in Qinxian was higher than that in Changzhi; the consistency of ‘Changnong No.39’ and ‘Changnong No.41’ millet grains in Changzhi were lower than that of Qinxian; the grain color of ‘Changnong No.38’ and ‘Changnong No.39’ millet planted in Changzhi were superior to that in Qinxian, and the grain color of ‘Changnong No.41’ millet planted in Changzhi was the same as that in Qinxian. The total scores of the tasting quality of the three genotypes of millet planted in Qinxian were higher than those in Changzhi. Therefore, it is of significance to improve the quality of millet grains by optimizing the management measures of millet cultivation.

  Research on the Status Quo and Problems of Agricultural Product Price Insurance in China Li Tingting, Ma Juanjuan, Liang Danhui 2020, 36 (3):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700412 Abstract + ( 542 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1093KB )   ( 253 ) At present, China’s agriculture is in a critical period of supply-side structural reform. As an important tool to promote agricultural production reform, agricultural product price insurance is worthy of in-depth study. This paper studies the implementation status of agricultural product price insurance, analyzes the implementation of vegetable price insurance, hog price insurance and food price insurance, and explores the theoretical, practical and operational policy demand of agricultural product price insurance. The study finds out that agricultural product price insurance has many problems like lack of theoretical knowledge, practical experience, policy measures and so on, it requires funds to speed up the establishment of policies and systems, the scientific research, and the publicity and promotion, to provide support for the smooth development of agricultural modernization.