Feathers from 3 Species of Apodidae in Beijing: Scanning Electron Microscope Observation

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500155

Abstract

Abstract:

The paper aims to systematically study the characteristics of 3 kinds of swifts’ feathers in Apodidae from Beijing, so as to provide data for the protection and classification of Apodidae. We compared and observed the microstructures of feathers from Apus pacificus, Apus apus and Hirundapus caudacutus in Apodidae, Apodiformes from Beijing. The following steps were carried out: re-identification, confirming the sample location, sampling, degreasing, ultrasonic cleaning, drying in natural condition, ion sputtering, and SEM observation. The results showed that: the remiges feathers, rectrices feathers and downy feathers were mainly composed of distal barbules and proximal barbules, these barbules formed a flexible and strong vane to reduce the air resistance. The surface ornamentation of small shaft from remiges feathers, the shape of nodes from 3 kinds of feathers of Apus pacificus, Apus apus and Hirundapus caudacutus could be used as an important feature of inter-species classification, and the other feature parameters of feathers could be used as references.

Key words: Apodidae, SEM, protection, classification, microstructure, feather

CLC Number:

Q954
Q959

Wang Junjie, Chen Hongyan, Liu Lei, Liu Gang, Zeng Chaohui, Xia Xiaofei. Feathers from 3 Species of Apodidae in Beijing: Scanning Electron Microscope Observation[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(3): 117-122.

Figures/Tables 4

References 24

[1]	北京观鸟会.北京鸟类名录(2014年版) [EB/OL]. Http://bbs.cbw.org.cn,2014.
[2]	郭冬生, 张正旺 . 中国鸟类生态大图鉴[M]. 重庆: 重庆大学出版社, 2015.
[3]	北京市园林绿化局,北京市园林绿化局公告(2007年第1号)[EB/OL]. Http://www.beijing.gov.cn/zfxxgk/,2017.
[4]	张正旺, 王宁, 徐永春 , 等. 北京雨燕飞越万里来伴你[J]. 森林与人类, 2016(02):52-57.
[5]	Chandler A C . A study of the structure of feathers, with reference to their taxonomic significance[J]. University of California Publications In Zoology, 1916,13(11):243-446.
[6]	Tim G . Brom. Microscopic Identification Of Feathers And Feather Fragments Of Palearctic Birds[J]. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 1986,56(2):181-204. doi: 10.1163/26660644-05602001 URL
[7]	Yildiz D, Bozkur E U, Akturks S H . Determination of goose feather morphology by using SEM[J]. Journal of animal and veterinary advances, 2009,8(12):2650-2654.
[8]	DoveC J . Quantification of microscopic feather characters used in the identification of North American Plovers[J]. Condor, 1997,99:47-57. doi: 10.2307/1370223 URL
[9]	Robertson J, Harkin C, Govan J . The Identification of Bird Feathers. Scheme for Feather Examination.[J][J]. Forensic Sci. Soc, 1984,24:85-98. doi: 10.1111/age.12827 URL pmid: 31305959
[10]	Day M G . Identification of hair and feather remains in the gut and faeces of stoats and weasels[J]. Journal of Zoology, 1966,148:201-217. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1966.tb02948.x URL
[11]	胡诗佳, 王利利, 彭建军 . 鸟羽显微鉴定技术及应用的研究及展望[J]. 四川动物, 2008,04:699-702.
[12]	夏晓飞, 王莹, 曾朝辉 , 等. 鸟类羽毛鉴定技术和分类研究回顾及展望[J]. 四川动物, 2011,30(05):831-834.
[13]	范喜顺 . 雀形目25种鸟羽的扫描电镜观察[J]. 石河子大学学报:自然科学版, 1997,1(3):207-210.
[14]	吴新然, 周用武, 陈粉粉 , 等. 75种陆栖性鸟类羽毛扫描电镜观察[J]. 四川动物, 2014,33(01):71-77.
[15]	常崇艳, 张正旺, 陈晓端 . 褐马鸡羽毛超微结构探讨[J]. 电子显微学报, 2001,20(4):495-496.
[16]	夏晓飞, 王莹, 吴秀山 , 等. 朱鹮羽毛的扫描电镜观察[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2010,38(12):130-131,134.
[17]	黎红辉, 沈猷慧, 马再玉 . 鸟类飞羽羽小枝的显微结构比较[J]. 动物分类学报, 2005(04):666-675.
[18]	常崇艳, 张正旺, 陈晓端 . 北京雨燕飞羽超微结构观察[J]. 电子显微学报, 2003,22(6):496-497.
[19]	刘方庆, 胡梦英, 文陇英 . 燕科和雨燕科部分鸟类系统发育比较分析[J]. 野生动物学报, 2018,39(03):573-578.
[20]	张正旺 . 北京雨燕资源的现状与保护对策[A].中国测绘学会.全面建设小康社会:中国科技工作者的历史责任——中国科协2003年学术年会论文集(上)[ C].中国测绘学会:中国测绘学会, 2003: 1.
[21]	Deedrick D W, Mullery J P . Federal Bureau of Investigation Law Enforcement Bulletin, 1981: 22-23.
[22]	Davies A . Micromorphology of feathers using the scanning electron microscope[J]. Journal of the Forensic Science Society, 1970,10:165-174. doi: 10.1016/s0015-7368(70)70591-4 URL pmid: 5534342
[23]	Brom T G . Microscopic identification of feathers and feather fragments of Palearctic birds[J]. Bijdragen tot de Dirkunde, 1986,56(2):181-204.
[24]	胡诗佳, 王利利, 彭建军 . 鸟羽显微鉴定技术及应用的研究及展望[J]. 四川动物, 2008,27(4):699-702.

鸟类名称	飞羽			尾羽			体羽			绒羽
鸟类名称	有钩羽小枝小钩数	无钩羽小枝腹齿数	羽小轴表面形态	有钩羽小枝小钩数	无钩羽小枝腹齿数	羽小轴表面形态	有钩羽小枝小钩数	无钩羽小枝腹齿数	羽小轴表面形态	节状羽小枝节点形状
白腰雨燕	4	3	无特殊结构	3	3	无特殊结构	3	3	无特殊结构	四分叉
北京雨燕	5	3	无特殊结构	3	4	无特殊结构	7	3	无特殊结构	四分叉
白喉针尾雨燕	4	3,4,5	有规则五边形图形	3	4	长条五边形图案,且图案内部长有绒毛	3	3	无特殊结构	三分叉组,每组三叉

鸟类名称	飞羽			尾羽			体羽			绒羽
鸟类名称	有钩羽小枝小钩数	无钩羽小枝腹齿数	羽小轴表面形态	有钩羽小枝小钩数	无钩羽小枝腹齿数	羽小轴表面形态	有钩羽小枝小钩数	无钩羽小枝腹齿数	羽小轴表面形态	节状羽小枝节点形状
白腰雨燕	4	3	无特殊结构	3	3	无特殊结构	3	3	无特殊结构	四分叉
北京雨燕	5	3	无特殊结构	3	4	无特殊结构	7	3	无特殊结构	四分叉
白喉针尾雨燕	4	3,4,5	有规则五边形图形	3	4	长条五边形图案,且图案内部长有绒毛	3	3	无特殊结构	三分叉组,每组三叉