Planting Density Affects the Thermal Effect in Shallow Soil of Cold Region Rice

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080065

Abstract

Abstract:

The objective is to improve people’s awareness of the thermal effect change in shallow soil of rice in cold region. The experiment was carried out in field, and ‘Kongyu131’ was used as the experimental material. Five planting densities were set up, including 30×8 cm (D₁), 30×10 cm (D₂), 30×12 cm (D₃), 30×14 cm (D₄) and 30×16 cm (D₅), respectively. The effects of different planting densities on the thermal effect of shallow soil were analyzed. The results showed that the temperature of all soil layers reached the highest value at heading stage, and began to decrease after grain filling, and the temperature difference was reduced. The temperature stability of 10 cm soil was the highest. Under the influence of planting density, the soil temperature of high density treatment increased rapidly during the day, the temperature at night was the lowest, and the temperature difference between day and night was large, and the highest daily average temperature appeared earlier. The soil temperature of D₁ and D₂ treatments changed almost synchronously in 10 cm and 15 cm soil layers. In contrast, the occurrence time of T_max and T_min in different soil layers was postponed with the deepening of soil depth. T_avg, T_max and T_min were positively correlated with air temperature during the whole growth period, while T_max-min tended to decrease with the increase of density. The main effects were at tillering stage and filling stage, and the effect increased with the density. D₂ treatment had the highest yield of 9.27 t/hm ², increased by 13.5%-14.6% compared with D₁ and D₅ treatments. It showed that the appropriate density condition could realize the scientific regulation of the thermal effect of shallow soil layer and improve the yield.

Key words: rice in cold region, density, thermal effect, yield

CLC Number:

S511

Zhao Liming, Gu Chunmei, Wang Shiqiang, Wang Liping, Wang He, Na Yongguang, Xie Baosheng. Planting Density Affects the Thermal Effect in Shallow Soil of Cold Region Rice[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(3): 7-15.

Figures/Tables 7

References 33

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生育时期	土层深度	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
返青期	5 cm	0.9731^**	0.9549^**	0.9543^**	0.9435^**	0.9422^**
	10 cm	0.9231^**	0.9320^**	0.9366^**	0.9303^**	0.9302^**
	15 cm	0.9193^**	0.9240^**	0.9272^**	0.9295^**	0.9272^**
分蘖期	5 cm	0.9409^**	0.8378^**	0.7916^**	0.7621^**	0.7468^**
	10 cm	0.5366^*	0.5540^*	0.2300	- 0.1300	- 0.1900
	15 cm	- 0.3900	- 0.4359^*	- 0.5665^**	- 0.6898^**	-0.7887^**
生育转换期	5 cm	0.9233^**	0.8319^**	0.8094^**	0.7836^**	0.7750^**
	10 cm	0.4375^*	0.4629^*	0.3900	0.3224	0.2877
	15 cm	0.1449	0.1200	- 0.0235	- 0.1893	-0.4012^**
拔节孕穗期	5 cm	0.9105^**	0.8123^**	0.7721^**	0.7192^**	0.7606^**
	10 cm	0.3700	0.3980^*	0.2900	0.1600	0.2100
	15 cm	0.0200	0.0100	- 0.1600	- 0.3700	- 0.0887
抽穗期	5 cm	0.8169^**	0.6913^**	0.6362^**	0.6082^**	0.5990^**
	10 cm	0.1735	0.2052	0.0922	- 0.0447	- 0.0173
	15 cm	- 0.1868	- 0.2184	- 0.3912	- 0.5772^**	- 0.3116
灌浆初期	5 cm	0.8422^**	0.7122^**	0.6629^**	0.6365^**	0.6183^**
	10 cm	0.2331	0.2447	0.1487	0.0283	0.0335
	15 cm	- 0.1131	- 0.1456	- 0.3092	- 0.4908^*	- 0.2644
灌浆盛期	5 cm	0.9002^**	0.7605^**	0.7502^**	0.7404^**	0.6480^**
	10 cm	0.2825	0.2449	0.1594	0.0728	- 0.0283
	15 cm	- 0.1364	- 0.2315	- 0.4407^*	-0.6415^**	- 0.3326
灌浆末期	5 cm	0.9474^**	0.8608^**	0.8508^**	0.8617^**	0.7321^**
	10 cm	0.5698^**	0.5033^*	0.4860^*	0.4725^*	0.2898
	15 cm	0.3102	0.1885	0.0557	- 0.1109	0.1136

生育时期	土层深度	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
返青期	5 cm	0.9731^**	0.9549^**	0.9543^**	0.9435^**	0.9422^**
	10 cm	0.9231^**	0.9320^**	0.9366^**	0.9303^**	0.9302^**
	15 cm	0.9193^**	0.9240^**	0.9272^**	0.9295^**	0.9272^**
分蘖期	5 cm	0.9409^**	0.8378^**	0.7916^**	0.7621^**	0.7468^**
	10 cm	0.5366^*	0.5540^*	0.2300	- 0.1300	- 0.1900
	15 cm	- 0.3900	- 0.4359^*	- 0.5665^**	- 0.6898^**	-0.7887^**
生育转换期	5 cm	0.9233^**	0.8319^**	0.8094^**	0.7836^**	0.7750^**
	10 cm	0.4375^*	0.4629^*	0.3900	0.3224	0.2877
	15 cm	0.1449	0.1200	- 0.0235	- 0.1893	-0.4012^**
拔节孕穗期	5 cm	0.9105^**	0.8123^**	0.7721^**	0.7192^**	0.7606^**
	10 cm	0.3700	0.3980^*	0.2900	0.1600	0.2100
	15 cm	0.0200	0.0100	- 0.1600	- 0.3700	- 0.0887
抽穗期	5 cm	0.8169^**	0.6913^**	0.6362^**	0.6082^**	0.5990^**
	10 cm	0.1735	0.2052	0.0922	- 0.0447	- 0.0173
	15 cm	- 0.1868	- 0.2184	- 0.3912	- 0.5772^**	- 0.3116
灌浆初期	5 cm	0.8422^**	0.7122^**	0.6629^**	0.6365^**	0.6183^**
	10 cm	0.2331	0.2447	0.1487	0.0283	0.0335
	15 cm	- 0.1131	- 0.1456	- 0.3092	- 0.4908^*	- 0.2644
灌浆盛期	5 cm	0.9002^**	0.7605^**	0.7502^**	0.7404^**	0.6480^**
	10 cm	0.2825	0.2449	0.1594	0.0728	- 0.0283
	15 cm	- 0.1364	- 0.2315	- 0.4407^*	-0.6415^**	- 0.3326
灌浆末期	5 cm	0.9474^**	0.8608^**	0.8508^**	0.8617^**	0.7321^**
	10 cm	0.5698^**	0.5033^*	0.4860^*	0.4725^*	0.2898
	15 cm	0.3102	0.1885	0.0557	- 0.1109	0.1136

土深	土温	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
5 cm	T_avg	0.9087^**	0.9053^**	0.9023^**	0.8989^**	0.8962^**
	T_max	0.8798^**	0.8604^**	0.8667^**	0.8520^**	0.8525^**
	T_min	0.9001^**	0.8949^**	0.8943^**	0.8934^**	0.8915^**
	T_max-min	- 0.0883	- 0.0200	- 0.0781	- 0.1382	- 0.0155
10 cm	T_avg	0.8936^**	0.8929^**	0.88969^**	0.8863^**	0.8835^**
	T_max	0.8820^**	0.8824^**	0.8774^**	0.8717^**	0.8630^**
	T_min	0.8841^**	0.8835^**	0.8824^**	0.8811^**	0.8782^**
	T_max-min	- 0.1414	- 0.0480	- 0.0883	- 0.1292	- 0.0583
15 cm	T_avg	0.8843^**	0.8827^**	0.8778^**	0.8726^**	0.8776^**
	T_max	0.8820^**	0.8770^**	0.8706^**	0.8633^**	0.8705^**
	T_min	0.8840^**	0.8762^**	0.8733^**	0.8704^**	0.8731^**
	T_max-min	- 0.1411	- 0.0954	- 0.1311	- 0.1706	- 0.0949

土深	土温	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
5 cm	T_avg	0.9087^**	0.9053^**	0.9023^**	0.8989^**	0.8962^**
	T_max	0.8798^**	0.8604^**	0.8667^**	0.8520^**	0.8525^**
	T_min	0.9001^**	0.8949^**	0.8943^**	0.8934^**	0.8915^**
	T_max-min	- 0.0883	- 0.0200	- 0.0781	- 0.1382	- 0.0155
10 cm	T_avg	0.8936^**	0.8929^**	0.88969^**	0.8863^**	0.8835^**
	T_max	0.8820^**	0.8824^**	0.8774^**	0.8717^**	0.8630^**
	T_min	0.8841^**	0.8835^**	0.8824^**	0.8811^**	0.8782^**
	T_max-min	- 0.1414	- 0.0480	- 0.0883	- 0.1292	- 0.0583
15 cm	T_avg	0.8843^**	0.8827^**	0.8778^**	0.8726^**	0.8776^**
	T_max	0.8820^**	0.8770^**	0.8706^**	0.8633^**	0.8705^**
	T_min	0.8840^**	0.8762^**	0.8733^**	0.8704^**	0.8731^**
	T_max-min	- 0.1411	- 0.0954	- 0.1311	- 0.1706	- 0.0949

处理	有效茎数/(个/m²)	每穗粒数/个	每穗粒重/g	结实率/%	千粒重/g	产量/(t/hm²)
D₁	687.6 aA	61.5 c	1.20 dC	75.56 cC	25.88 b	8.16 bB
D₂	692.5 aA	63.9 bc	1.33 cB	80.14 bB	26.08 ab	9.27 aA
D₃	642.3 bA	63.5 b	1.43 bA	85.61 aA	26.48 a	8.94 aAB
D₄	589.1 cB	66.1 a	1.46 abA	84.45 aA	26.29 ab	8.66 abAB
D₅	544.8 dC	68.2 a	1.51 aA	83.25 aA	25.72 b	8.11 bB