Current issue

• 2020 Vol.36 No.25 Published:05 September 2020

  Nitrogen Topdressing Stages and Ratio: Effects on the Growth Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat Under Drip Irrigation Zhang Yongqiang, Zhang Lu, Xu Shan, Chen Chuanxin, Chen Xingwu, Lei Junjie, Sailihan· Sai, Xue Lihua 2020, 36 (25):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800494 Abstract + ( 340 )   HTML ( 49 )   PDF ( 1440KB )   ( 190 ) To study the effects of different proportions of topdressing nitrogen at different nitrogen topdressing stages on the growth and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation, taking ‘Xindong 18’ as the test material, and under the condition of total nitrogen application rate of 300 kg/hm2, we set 5 nitrogen topdressing treatments: the jointing: booting with 6:4 (F1 treatment), getting up: jointing: flowering with 2:4:4 (F2 treatment), jointing: booting: flowering with 4:4:2 (F3 treatment), getting up: jointing: booting: flowering with 2:4:2:2 (F4 treatment), getting up: jointing: booting: flowering with 2:2:2:4 (F5 treatment). The results showed that: the proper adjustment of the period and proportion of nitrogen topdressing was beneficial to regulating the growth and yield of wheat; F4 treatment could slow the decline of SPAD value, and effectively increase 1000-grain weight, harvest index and aboveground biomass of wheat; the highest yield of F4 treatment was 8016.67 kg/hm2, which was significantly higher than that of F1 and F2 treatments by 6.4% and 6.7%, respectively (P<0.05). In conclusion, nitrogen topdressing at the getting up, jointing, booting and flowering stages is beneficial to the growth and yield of wheat.

  Fertilization: Effects on Dry Matter Accumulation, Distribution and Yield of Spring Hulless Barley Zhu Mingxia, Bai Ting, Jin Yulong, Zhang Yuhong, Tang Yawei 2020, 36 (25):  7-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800495 Abstract + ( 181 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1356KB )   ( 168 ) To explore the regulation effect of fertilization on dry matter accumulation, distribution and yield of hulless barley, taking ‘Zangqing 27’, ‘QTB13’ and ‘QTB25’ as experimental materials, we analyzed the change rules of dry matter accumulation, distribution and yield of these varieties under different fertilization treatments. The results showed that: the increase of fertilization promoted dry matter accumulation from tillering to maturity stage and the distribution of dry matter to vegetative organs and grains at flowering and maturity stage; and improved the transport of pre-flower nutrition organs stored assimilates and the contribution rate to grain, decreased the post-flower assimilates allocation to grain and the contribution rate to grain; the F2 was conducive to accumulate the dry matter and allocate to vegetative organs and grains of ‘QTB13’ and ‘QTB25’, while had the highest post-flower assimilates allocation to grain and yield of ‘QTB13’ and ‘QTB25’; the F3 was conducive to accumulate the dry matter and allocate to vegetative organs and grains, while had the highest post-flower assimilates allocation to grain, and the contribution rate and yield of ‘Zangqing27’. The study indicates that appropriate fertilization is beneficial to the accumulation, distribution of dry matter and can improve the yield of hulless barley.

  Effects of Harvesting Method and Maturity on Physiological and Sensory Quality of Upper Tobacco Leaves Xia Chun, Zhao Jinchao, Zhang Mingjin, Xia Jianhua, Zhang Yonghui, Wang Fei, Hu Yongtao, Wang Jian’an, Song Zhaopeng 2020, 36 (25):  14-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190900667 Abstract + ( 250 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1281KB )   ( 36 ) In view of the problems in the upper leaves production of flue-cured tobacco at present and the demand of cigarette industry, different combinations of harvesting methods and maturity are used to study the effects on main physiological indexes of tobacco leaves in later growth stage in field, and the sensory evaluation and sensory smoking evaluation of tobacco leaves after curing. The results show that the content of SOD in the remaining top 1-3 leaves after the top 4-6 leaves are collected at different stages is significantly lower than that in the top 1-6 leaves collected at one time, while the content of MDA is rapidly increasing. There are significant differences in pigment content between the top 1-3 leaves and the top 4-6 leaves. When the ratio of water content between the top 1-3 leaves and the top 4-6 leaves is close to 1, it can not only reduce the sensory difference between the upper and lower leaves, but also improve the scores of evaluation and absorption. The research results provide a feasible way for tobacco industry and commercial cooperation to develop and utilize upper leaves.

  Cloning, Bioinformatics Analysis and Prokaryotic Expression of SmGES Gene in Swertia mussotii Li Xiaoxue, Sun Jiqi, Wang Tianyu, Tian Fengshou, Zhang Cheng, Zhu Yerong, Xiang Beibei, Wang Yong 2020, 36 (25):  19-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800552 Abstract + ( 354 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1972KB )   ( 61 ) The paper aims to study the function of the key enzyme geraniol synthase in the terpenoids pathway in Swertia mussotii, a tibetan medicine, and to explore its role in the biosynthesis of geraniol, swertiamarin and gentianaceae. RNA was extracted from leaves of S. mussotii and converted into cDNA. According to the transcriptom of S. mussotii, we cloned the geraniol synthase of S. mussotii by RT-PCR and named SmGES gene. The SmGES gene fragment was connected to the prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a and transformed into the Escherichia coli Rosetta(DE3) for induction expression. According to bioinformatics analysis, the length of SmGES gene was 1761 bp and 586 amino acids were encoded. The isoelectric point of SmGES protein was 5.35 and the relative molecular weight was 67.78 kDa. Analysis showed that SmGES gene contained chloroplast transporter, which was predicted to be a hydrophilic protein located in chloroplast. The intracellular localization, structural domains, secondary and tertiary structures of the protein were analyzed. The results showed that SmGES gene was closely related to GES gene of Gentinan rigescens. The recombinant protein with a molecular weight of 67.78 kDa was induced, which was consistent with the expected size. The study could lay a foundation for further elucidate the synthetic pathway of terpenoids in the S. mussotii.

  Evaluation of Edible Exploitation Value of Wild Fruits Resources in Dapanshan National Natural Reserve Wang Pan, Liu Ya, Zhou Yuhong, Wang Kangmin, Chen Zilin 2020, 36 (25):  26-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190900593 Abstract + ( 351 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1427KB )   ( 153 ) To provide evaluation and selection references for edible exploitation of wild fruits resources, comprehensive evaluation model for edible exploitation value of wild fruits resources was constructed based on analytic hierarchy process, and 40 common wild fruits in Dapanshan National Natural Reserve were appraised. The results show that: for the edible exploitation value of wild fruits resources, the most important factors are taste flavor (0.2674) and nutrition and healthcare (0.1245), followed by storage difficulty (0.0884), fruit yield (0.0733), adaption ability (0.0658), domestication techniques (0.0658), ornamental value (0.0590), resources reserves (0.0442), species novelty (0.0442), product appearance (0.0368), poisonous risks (0.0368), reproduction characteristics (0.0329), harvest season (0.0314) and medical value (0.0295); 5 wild fruits including Akebia trifoliate, Kadsura japonica, Rubus hirsutus are appraised as I exploitation objects; 14 wild fruits including Rubus coreanus, Akebia quinata, Actinidia chinensis are appraised as II exploitation objects; 9 wild fruits including Hovenia dulcis, Diospyros lotus, Castanea henryi are appraised as III exploitation objects; and 12 wild fruits including Rubus lambertianus, Crataegus cuneata, Cerasus serrulata are appraised as IV exploitation objects.

  Influencing Factors of the Survival Rate of Camellia chekiangoleosa Crown Grafting Zhang Ping’an, Chen Xiongdi, Wen Lingrong, Shen Shujun, Pan Chunping, Ji Xuyong, Lou Junyi, Wang Yi, Wang Kailiang 2020, 36 (25):  32-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0082 Abstract + ( 277 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1354KB )   ( 87 ) To study the influencing factors of the survival rate of Camellia chekiangoleosa crown grafting and solve the problem of low graft survival rate, in June 2013, the Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry introduced C. chekiangoleosa champion tree spike, carried out the crown grafting test of C. chekiangoleosa in Dayangshan Forest Farm in Qingtian County, and analyzed the influence of canopy density, slope position, rootstock growth potential and scion storage time on graft survival rate. The results showed that the forest canopy sealing degree was between 0.3 and 0.7, and the average survival rate of grafting increased as the canopy sealing degree increased. The canopy closure degree was between 0.7 and 0.9, and the graft survival rate decreased with the increase of canopy closure degree. When the canopy sealing degree was 0.7, the grafting survival rate was 88.8%. The survival rate of grafting on the mountainside was as high as 86%, which was much higher than the survival rate on the top and foot of the mountain. The stronger the growth potential of C. chekiangoleosa rootstock, the higher the graft survival rate was. The grafting effect of the scion on the day of the scion was the best, with a survival rate of 89.1%. The scion was stored for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 days for grafting, the survival rate was 85.2%, 75.2%, 51.6%, 28.1%, 12.2% and 9.3% respectively. Partial correlation analysis showed that the effects of various factors on the graft survival rate were scion storage time (-0.97), canopy closure (0.85), growth potential (0.81) and slope position (-0.65).

  Identification and Evaluation of Main Agronomic Characters of Ginger Resources in Hunan Li Qian, Yang Weiming, Wang Duanhua, Yang Jianguo, Wu Guanghui, Xiong Shaojun 2020, 36 (25):  37-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190900609 Abstract + ( 442 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1204KB )   ( 100 ) The purpose is to analyze 15 quantitative and 10 quality traits of 47 ginger germplasm resources in Hunan, to explore the genetic relationship and variation characteristics of ginger resources, and to provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of ginger germplasm and the creation of new varieties. The agronomic traits collected from the survey were analyzed by Excel and SPSS. The results showed that there was abundant genetic diversity in ginger resources in Hunan, and the coefficient of variation ranged from 13.22% to 40.13%. In cluster analysis, 47 ginger resources were divided into two categories and four subgroups, of which 41 resources in group I were dense seedling resources, 6 resources in group II were seedling-thinning type, subgroup I and subgroup IV were spindle-like; subgroup II and subgroup III were bulb-like; the cumulative contribution rate of the three principal components extracted from the principal component analysis was 83.078%, they were named as high-yielding type morphological factor, low-yielding type morphological factor and leaf factor of yield, respectively. In the analysis, the morphological factors such as rhizome, plant shape, aboveground stem, zingiber, leaf and so on were positively correlated with the weight of rhizome, while the number of branches and leaves of main stem were negatively correlated with the weight of rhizome. The results showed that the weight of rhizome per plant of varieties with tall plants, few branches, strong aboveground stem and thick rhizome and zingiber was relatively high. In path analysis, the direct path coefficients of leaf number and branch number of the main stem to rhizome weight were negative, while the direct path coefficients of rhizome, aboveground stem diameter, zingiber length and plant height to rhizome weight were positive, indicating that in a certain range, ginger varieties with tall plants, strong aboveground stem, fewer branches, fewer leaves, and long rhizome and zingiber had high yield potential. This experiment analyzed the contribution of main agronomic characters of ginger resources to the formation of rhizome weight in Hunan, and could provide a theoretical basis for better ginger production.

  Comparison of Microbial Agents Applied to Netted Melon Li Ting, Hu Xiaoyi, Li Jinping, Zhou Xiaoqiu, Xu Heming, Liu Jie 2020, 36 (25):  45-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800571 Abstract + ( 336 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1596KB )   ( 84 ) Taking ‘Weimi’ and ‘Bimei’ as the test materials, three experimental groups were set up to apply Bacillus subtilis (M9 and B29), TrianumTM and enzyme (DT-01), and water was used as control, to compare the effects of the microbial agents on the soil microbes, and the field physiological indexes, the SPAD value, yield and quality of netted melon. The results showed that after the application of enzyme (DT-01), the change of soil bacteria was the biggest, the plant leaf number, leaf area and plant height were the highest, and the fruit appearance and taste quality were the best. However, after the application of TrianumTM, the plant stem diameter was higher than that of other groups. According to the comprehensive comparison, enzyme (DT-01) is the best microbial agents for netted melon.

  Hylocereus undulates: Research Progress and Introduction Feasibility in North China Qiao Qian, Yu Yong, Wang Jiangyong, Tao Jihan 2020, 36 (25):  53-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190900598 Abstract + ( 453 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1259KB )   ( 132 ) The greenhouse cultivation of Hylocereus undulatus has become the characteristic sightseeing agriculture in north China, but problems exist in its development. This paper summarized the development status and process of H. undulatus at home and abroad, particularly that at home, including introduction and cultivation, variety breeding, post-harvest physiology and storage, processing and utilization, diseases and pests, and molecular biological analysis, and analyzed the feasibility of planting H. undulatus in north China from the aspects of advantages, prospects, problems and countermeasures. It is believed that there are both advantages and challenges in developing H. undulatus cultivation in north China, and the quality, yield and market are the focuses, plus the consumption pain points and the geographical advantages, there is a great potential for H. undulatus cultivation in the north.

  Distribution of 19 Inorganic Elements in Different Organs of Phyllanthus emblica in Dry-hot Valley Yuan Jianmin, He Lu, Yang Xiaoqiong, Xu Zhiping, Zhao Qiongling, Qu Wenlin, Lei Xiao, Kong Weixi 2020, 36 (25):  60-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190900601 Abstract + ( 250 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1332KB )   ( 40 ) The contents of 19 inorganic elements in different organs (root, stem, leaf, fruit, and seed) of Phyllanthus emblica in dry-hot valley area of Jinsha River were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). The distribution law of the 19 inorganic elements in different organs of P. emblica was studied by one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, cluster analysis and factor analysis. The results showed that 12 elements (B, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Zn, Ca, K, Na, P and S) were detected in all P. emblica samples tested. However, Se, Si, Co, Cr, Pb, Cd and Mo were only detected in individual organ samples. The contents of elements B, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Zn, Ca, K, Na, P, S in different organs were significantly different (P<0.01), and had the characteristics of maximum and minimum values. Significant or extremely significant positive (negative) correlation existed between the contents of the 12 elements. Different organs of P. emblica could be divided into three categories by these 12 inorganic elements (B, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Zn, Ca, K, Na, P and S). Among them, seed, stem and leaf clustered into the first type, fruit was the second type, and root was the third type. Fe, Na, Zn, Cu, Ca and B were the characteristic elements in different organs of P. emblica. The results indicate that different organs have certain selectivity on the absorption and distribution of different elements, and there are interactions between inorganic elements.

  Effect of Organic Mulch on the Root Distribution Characteristics of Cerasus yedoensis Hou Shixing, Sun Yuhong, Li Wei, Hu Na, Wen Junbao 2020, 36 (25):  67-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0033 Abstract + ( 366 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1370KB )   ( 86 ) The root distribution is an important factor that affects the irrigation effect. To realize the scientific irrigation of Cerasus yedoensis, this paper investigated root system distribution of C. yedoensis to provide a theoretical basis for reasonable irrigation. In this study, the C. yedoensis was used as study object in Yuyuantan Park. The root drilling method was used to sample the roots in different soil layers of sampling points. Win-RHIZO Pro root analysis system was utilized to analyze root length, d＜1 mm root length, root projected area, root surface area, root average diameter and root dips. The results showed that root of C. yedoensis could stretch out beyond 6 m. For the vertical direction, the soil layer of 0-20 cm was the root concentrated distribution layer for C. yedoensis. The laying of ecological sawdust had a positive promoting effect. Laying different thickness of ecological sawdust had different influences. By covering 5-10 cm thick ecological sawdust, the total root length of C. yedoensis reached (782.98±401.29) cm, which was 10 times of the total root length of C. yedoensis without ecological sawdust and more than 2 times of other experimental groups. The C. yedoensis are shallow root trees. The urban park environment makes the roots of C. yedoensis mainly distribute in the soil surface, and the distribution range could reach twice area of the crown projection. The laying of ecological sawdust causes the roots of C. yedoensis to concentrate on the soil surface, and laying 5-10 cm thick ecological sawdust could effectively promote the growth of C. yedoensis root system in the soil surface, but it has little impact on the C. yedoensis root system below 20 cm.

  Landscape Architecture Planning and Design of Typical Karst Depressions in Southwest China Zhang Milin, Zhang Fangmei, Liao Zhongfang, Wang Hengsong 2020, 36 (25):  72-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300200 Abstract + ( 591 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1366KB )   ( 83 ) Based on the interdisciplinary nature of landscape architecture, this paper takes the landscape architecture planning of Bijie Sala creek demonstration area as an example to discuss the landscape planning and design of Karst depression and soil and water conservation measures. The methods of literature review, field investigation and multidisciplinary research were used. The spatial, visual and cultural characteristics of Karst depressions were analyzed. Through the analysis of natural conditions, environmental capacity and scale prediction, local traffic, resources, users and SWOT, the Karst depressions were divided into functional areas, landscape space layout, road layout, plant arrangement and garden building construction. A landscape planning and design method suitable for Karst depressions was explored by combining landscape construction with rocky desertification control.

  Effects of Straw Compound Organic Ferment Materials on Tomato Soil Environment in Greenhouse Wang Juan, Chen Lixin, Zou Chunjiao, Sa Rina, Liu Liyong, Yang Long, Tan Wei 2020, 36 (25):  78-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190900665 Abstract + ( 461 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1633KB )   ( 71 ) To increase the soil temperature and solve the soil environment deterioration of early spring greenhouse in Heilongjiang, straw+ cow manure, straw+ horse manure, straw+ sheep manure and straw only were applied to the early spring soil of ‘Qianxi’ tomato greenhouse, respectively. The effect of different straw compound organic ferment materials bio-reactors on soil temperature, soil physical and chemical characters, enzyme activity, microbial community structure were investigated. The results showed that, compared with the control, all treatments decreased the soil pH, and significantly increased the soil temperature, content of EC, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available potassium, organic matter and sucrase, urease, phosphatase and catalase enzyme. Soil temperature of 20 cm deep increased significantly under straw bio-reactors treatments, especially in the straw+ sheep manure (YGH) treatment. Straw+ sheep manure (YGH) treatment improved the content of available phosphorus in soil by 2 times as compared with the control. Four soil enzymes of straw+ sheep manure (YGH) treatment were at the highest level, which was 91.9%, 220%, 18.5% and 7.3% higher than the control, respectively. The microbial diversity index of the treatments was significantly improved compared with that of the control, and followed the same rule: straw+ sheep manure (YGH)> straw+ cow manure (NGH)> straw +horse manure (MGH)> straw (JG)> control (CK). The utilization ability of the straw+ cow manure (NGH) and the straw+ sheep manure (YGH) on six carbon sources were the strongest, which were significantly higher than that of the other treatments. Based on the principal component analysis and cluster analysis, the effect of straw compound organic ferment materials bio-reactors on tomato greenhouse soil was divided into 4 grades, the order was: YGH, NGH, MGH and JG, and CK. The application of straw compound organic ferment materials bio-reactors could improve soil environment, and straw+ sheep manure (YGH) is the best compound organic ferment material.

  Effects of Vegetation Restoration on Soil Physicochemical Properties in the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi Zhao Manxing, Yu Guangmei, Bai Erlei, Liu Hui, Cao Yangyang 2020, 36 (25):  86-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800582 Abstract + ( 296 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1248KB )   ( 49 ) To study the influence of different types of vegetation restoration on soil physicochemical properties and the properties’ seasonal change in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi, we used the method of completely random design, took 19-year old Prunus armeniaca forest, Hipophae rhamnoides forest, Pinus tabuliformis and Robinia pseudoacacia forest as the research objects and the cultivated land as the control, to analyze the effects of vegetation restoration types, seasons, soil depth on soil organic matter, available N, available P, available K, pH and electric conductivity. The results showed that soil organic matter, available P and available K had significant difference among different vegetation types. The content of soil nutrients of artificial forest was higher than that of corn field, higher in Prunus armeniaca forest and Hipophae rhamnoides forest, lower in Pinus tabuliformis and Robinia pseudoacacia forest. Under different vegetation types, the soil nutrients significantly decreased with the increase of soil depth. Soil organic matter, available N, available K and electric conductivity were the highest in spring and summer. Available P and pH were the highest in autumn and winter. There was a positive correlation between soil organic matter and available N and available K in 0-20 cm soil depth, a positive correlation between soil organic matter and electric conductivity and a negative correlation between available P and available K in 20-40 cm soil depth. In 0-40 cm soil depth, there was a positive correlation between available K and electric conductivity, and a negative correlation between pH and electric conductivity. In conclusion, vegetation restoration could effectively improve soil nutrient, and the soil nutrients’ content is high in Prunus armeniaca forest and Hipophae rhamnoides forest.

  Temperature Prediction Model in Solar Greenhouse Based on Stochastic Forest Algorithm Liu Hong, Dang Xiaodong, Du Quansheng, Ma Runnian, Bai Shilun 2020, 36 (25):  95-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0017 Abstract + ( 428 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1413KB )   ( 66 ) The study carries out temperature forecast of solar greenhouse, aiming to provide reference for agricultural production, guide greenhouse temperature control to ensure a suitable condition for crop growth, and promote agriculture products’ quality and yield. Meteorological factors such as temperature and sunshine outside the greenhouse were selected to build a prediction model based on random forest algorithm, and then the indoor minimum and maximum temperatures were fitted for prediction analysis and the importance of the prediction factors were evaluated. Results showed that the fitting degree of the fitting value and the observed value of the lowest and the highest air temperature in greenhouse was 99.69% and 99.85%, respectively. The lowest air temperature outside the greenhouse was an important predictor of the indoor minimum air temperature, and the outdoor sunshine was an important predictor of the indoor maximum air temperature. At the same time, the support vector machine, neural network, multiple regression and stepwise regression models were established. By comparing the mean absolute error and root-mean-square error in each model, the prediction accuracy of the random forest model was better than that of other models. The air temperature prediction model based on random forest algorithm is more accurate, which can be popularized in the air temperature prediction of solar greenhouse.

  Climate Warming: Effects on the Growth, Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat Xu Zhaoxia, Su Haibao, Jiang Xiaodong, Ye Xiaofeng, Zeng Yu 2020, 36 (25):  101-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700492 Abstract + ( 557 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1301KB )   ( 96 ) Taking ‘Yangmai13’ and ‘Xumai31’ as experimental materials, we analyzed the influence mechanism of climate warming on the growth, yield and quality of winter wheat by the method of mathematical statistics and so on. The results show that: climate warming makes the phenological phase of winter wheat earlier and shortens the total reproductive period days; decreases the panicle length, the total number of spikelets and the number of spikelets; increases the number of infertile spikelets, but reduces the number of effective panicles and 1000-grain weight, and the decline of the three factors of yield led to the reduction of winter wheat output; the total starch content and the branch/straight ratio of winter wheat grain decrease to different degrees; the total protein content of winter wheat grain increases to some extent, but the grain/alcohol ratio decreases slightly. With climate warming, the growth period of winter wheat will be shortened and the yield will be decreased, while the content of starch and protein will be more complicated, with different increase and decrease.

  The Influence of Several Herbicides on Weeds and Broad Bean Growth and Nodules in Field Yang Mei, Chen Xin, Yuan Xingxing, Xian Dongfeng, Yu Dongmei, Xiang Chao 2020, 36 (25):  106-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800588 Abstract + ( 2132 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1428KB )   ( 48 ) To screen effective and safe herbicides suitable for using in broad bean field, widely cultivated variety ‘Chenghu No.15’ in Sichuan was used as experiment material and 7 kinds of herbicides including 2 kinds of pre-emergence herbicides and 5 kinds of post-emergence herbicides were selected, and artificial weeding and the water spray were adopted as the 2 controls. Field experiments were conducted to investigate weed species, the effects of herbicides on weeds, root nodule growth, agronomic characters and yield of broad bean. The results showed that: (1) there were 42 species in 13 families of weeds in broad bean field, the main families were Compositae, Gramineae, Amaranthaceae, Polygonaceae and Cruciferae; (2) 33% pendimethalin, 960 g/L spropisochlor and 15% quizalofop-p-ethyl+ 48% bentazone could effectively control weeds, the level of control effect was three; (3) using herbicide and artificial weeding could affect the growth of broad bean nodules, the fresh weight and dry weight of nodules could be promoted by using , 15% precipitachlor and 15% quizalofop-p-ethyl+ 48% bentazone; (4) 33% pendimethalin significantly increased the grain number of per plant, the effective branch, pod number and grain number of per plant were significantly increased by 960 g/L spropisochlor and 15% quizalofop-p-ethyl+ 48% bentazone; the use of 15% precipitachlor could significantly improve the plant height of broad bean; the three treatments of 33% pendimethalin, 5% quizalofop-p-ethyl and 15% quizalofop-p-ethyl+ 48% bentazone showed significant production increase effect. Considering comprehensively the herbicide control effect, nodule growth, agronomic characters and yield, under the experimental conditions aiming at controlling weeds in autumn broad bean field, the application of pre-emergence herbicide 33% pendimethalin and post-emergence herbicide 15% quizalofop-p-ethyl+ 48% fenvalerate are recommended.

  Effects of Root Rot Pathogens Infection on Key Enzymes in Phenylpropanoid Pathway of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus Zhao Xuejiao, Qin Xuemei, Wang Mengliang, Gao Fen 2020, 36 (25):  115-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700367 Abstract + ( 342 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1444KB )   ( 45 ) In this study, the activity changes of key enzymes in phenylpropanoid pathway including phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) were determined to obtain information on the mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus against root rot pathogens, so as to provide reference for disease resistance breeding. Regarding A. membranaceus var. mongholicus and root rot pathogens as the interaction system, the dynamic activity changes of the three enzymes were measured by spectrophotometry methods with the A. membranaceus being inoculated with Fusarium solani and F. acuminatum respectively using the root-dipping method. The results showed that both PAL and C4H in Astragalus infected by F. solani had a significantly higher activity than their counterparts in the control, and both had enzyme activity peaks at 7 d and 21 d, respectively; the activity of 4CL steadily increased with the time and was also significantly higher than that of the control at 7 d and 21 d. In the case of Astragalus infected by F. acuminatum, the activities of all three enzymes in treatment were significantly higher than that in the control at 21 d. It can be seen that during the infection of both pathogens, the key enzymes in phenylpropanoid pathway are activated to some extents, but differ in the time and pattern of being activated, which indicates that A. membranaceus has obvious different disease-resistant mechanisms against the infection of F. solani and F. acuminatum.

  Active Oxygen Outbreaks of Pumpkin Infected with Powdery Mildew Qin Hongkun, Li Shuai, Ma Dong, Guo Weili 2020, 36 (25):  121-128.  DOI: 号：10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190900639 Abstract + ( 108 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 3458KB )   ( 18 ) The active oxygen outbreaks of pumpkin inbred line 112-2 and ‘Jiujiangjiaoding’ infected with powdery mildew were observed to explore the correlation of ROS with the resistance of pumpkin to powdery mildew. DAB-dyed spots represented H2O2 accumulation and NBT-dyed spots represented O2- accumulation. The results showed that at the seedling stage, the inbred line 112-2 and ‘Jiujiangjiaoding’ were inoculated with powdery spores at 0 h, and a small amount of DAB-dyed spots were observed at 72 h, and the DAB-dyed spots expanded and deepened from 96 h to 144 h. The inbred line 112-2 and ‘Jiujiangjiaoding’ were inoculated with powdery spores at 0 h, NBT-dyed spots began to appear at 24 h, the NBT-dyed spots continued to expand and deepened from 48 h to 144 h. In the fruiting period, the two materials were inoculated with powdery mildew spores at 0 h, DAB-dyed spots were observed in inbred line 112-2 at 48 h, and the spots enlarged and deepened from 72 h to 144 h; DAB-dyed spots were observed at 72 h from the ‘Jiujiangjiaoding’, and the spots expanded and deepened from 96 h to 144 h. The inbred line 112-2 and ‘Jiujiangjiaoding’ were inoculated with powdery spores at 0 h; NBT-dyed spots began to appear at 48 h, the NBT-dyed spots expand and deepened from 72 h to 144 h. The inbred line 112-2 produced H2O2 and O2- faster than the ‘Jiujiangjiaoding’ and the difference in accumulation amount reached the maximum at 144 h. In conclusion, the accumulation of H2O2 and O2- in the resistant material inoculated with powdery mildew is faster and more than the susceptible material.

  Determination of Glyphosate, Ammonium Phosphate and Ammonia in Tea by UHPLC-MS Liu Wenjing, Lin Jing, Fu Jianwei, Wu Jianhong 2020, 36 (25):  129-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190900621 Abstract + ( 622 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1762KB )   ( 260 ) A method is developed for the determination of glufosinate-ammonium (GLUF), glyphosate (PMG) and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in tea using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The sample is extracted with ultrapure water and dichloromethane under ultrasonication, followed by a simple cleanup with a C18 solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge, and then GLUF, PMG and AMPA are derivatized using 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (FMOC-Cl) in borate buffer. The derivatives of GLUF, PMG and AMPA are separated on a Waters HSS T3 column in a gradient elution mode, and finally detected with positive electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The quantification analysis is performed by external standard method. The method shows a good linearity (R2>0.999) in the range of 0-100 ng/mL. The limit of detection (LODs) of GLUF, PMG and AMPA is 0.7 g/kg. At the spiked level of 2.0, 4.0和10.0 μg/kg, the recovery of GLUF, PMG and AMPA is 86.3%-100.2%,85.7%-101.5%, and 88.1%-98.4%, respectively, and the relative standard deviation (RSDs) (n=6) of GLUF, PMG and AMPA is 1.1%-5.0% respectively. This method is simple, rapid and characterized with acceptable sensitivity and accuracy to meet the requirements for the analysis of GLUF, PMG and AMPA simultaneously in tea.

  Remote Sensing Technology Applied in Growth Monitoring and Yield Estimation of Tobacco: A Review Lv Xiaoyan, Jing Xia, Xue Lin, Xu Haiqing, Zhang Chao, Huang Jianxi 2020, 36 (25):  137-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800507 Abstract + ( 860 )   HTML ( 28 )   PDF ( 1083KB )   ( 226 ) Tobacco growth information is an important basis for tobacco production management. Through a comprehensive understanding of the application of remote sensing technology in tobacco growth monitoring and yield estimation, the study aims to provide a scientific reference for the use of remote sensing technology in refined tobacco field management. Based on reviewing relevant literatures, the application of remote sensing technology in tobacco growth monitoring and yield estimation was systematically summarized from three scales of ground spectrum, UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle) remote sensing, and satellite remote sensing, and the prospect of further research was also discussed. (1)Based on the ground spectrum, the physiological and biochemical parameters (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, biomass, leaf area index, chlorophyll, etc.) of tobacco were estimated by reflectance spectrum and its different transformation forms, spectral index and spectral position variables, providing a basis for the diagnosis of tobacco growth, health status and maturity. Tobacco growth monitoring, yield estimation and quality evaluation could be realized. (2) UAV remote sensing technology could be used to extract tobacco areas on a small scale, monitor and estimate yield, but it could not monitor the subtle changes of tobacco due to the influence of the resolution, terrain and self stability of the camera. (3) With optical remote sensing data such as LandSat, SPOT, MODIS HJ-1, etc., as well as SAR data, by remote sensing image fusion, classification and other technologies, large-area tobacco field disease, growth monitoring and yield estimation could be achieved. The future research will focus on quantitatively studying the tobacco parameters by combining with multi-source and multi-platform remote sensing data, and conducting the dynamic monitoring of tobacco growth process on large scale by assimilation technology, thus to explore the optimal harvest time of tobacco.

  Spatial Distribution and Evolution of Grass Carp Industry in China: Based on Standard Elliptic Modela Wang Yuguang, Sun Huiwu 2020, 36 (25):  142-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800524 Abstract + ( 476 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1777KB )   ( 54 ) The paper aims to study the large-scale freshwater fish farming and industrial space optimization. Based on the standard ellipse model, the grass carp with the largest output of freshwater fish was selected as the research object. The spatial distribution pattern (agglomeration degree, gravity center, scope and direction), evolution characteristics and influencing factors of grass carp industry development were analyzed based on the scale of grass carp industry in 31 provincial-level administrative regions of China from 2006 to 2016. The spatial agglomeration of grass carp industry in China shows a trend of discrete agglomeration. The steady increase of output in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River basin and the enlargement of grass carp culture in arid and semi-arid areas in northwest China have promoted the shift of the standard ellipse of grass carp industry to the west and north. The spatial distribution of grass carp industry development presents decentralized agglomeration. Grass carp farming gradually changes from extensive farming to fine farming. The spatial transmission mechanism of grass carp industry development is from the central and eastern regions to the west and north. This is mainly due to the good environmental adaptability of grass carp, relatively low cost in the central and western regions and the expansion effect of the market.

  Offshore Fisheries Based on Large-scale Fishery Platform: Development Status Zhang Chenglin, Xu Hao, Wang Shiming, Liu Huang, Chen Xinjun 2020, 36 (25):  152-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300223 Abstract + ( 610 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1350KB )   ( 187 ) Based on the status quo of large-scale fishery platforms, deep-sea cages and aquaculture working vessel at home and abroad, this paper puts forward the concept of “cruise” aquaculture working vessel and introduced that offshore fishery in foreign countries originated from deep-sea cages and developed on floating platforms. At present, due to the objective factors such as investment cost and technology development level, the offshore fishery industry development is slow in China, but some achievements have been made in recent years. In view of the current situation of extensive production mode of fishery, the paper analyzes the necessity of the development of offshore fisheries from the perspectives of national strategy, fishery reform and industrial demand, and points out that the development of large-scale fishery platform, represented by aquaculture working vessels, is one of the effective ways to realize a powerful fishery, and it is imperative to find a way to develop offshore fishery platform suitable for China’s national condition.

  Empirical Analysis on Influencing Factors of Farmers’ Adoption of New Wine-making Sorghum Varieties: Taking ‘Longza 17’ as an Example Zhao Wenqing, Liu Meng, Yan Fangfang, Xia Xueyan, Jiang Yanxi, Liu Fei, Li Shunguo 2020, 36 (25):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600322 Abstract + ( 322 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1302KB )   ( 83 ) The paper aims to clarify the influencing factors on farmers’ adoption of new varieties of brewing sorghum, and provide the basis for liquor-making sorghum breeding and new varieties’ promotion. Taking the new sorghum variety ‘Longza 17’ as an example, 214 households were investigated in Qiqihar and Heihe of Heilongjiang Province and Hulunbeier of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Data were collected and analyzed with Excel software. The influencing factors on farmer’s planting were explored by using binary logistic model. The results showed that the years of education, the proportion of labor force, the proportion of sorghum area, the output, the price and the sorghum related information obtained through mobile phone or Internet had a positive and significant impact on the adoption of new varieties of wine-making sorghum, and the land rent had a negative and significant impact. Some countermeasures were put forward, such as strengthening the training of new professional farmers and the support of sorghum characteristic industries, cultivating new wine-making sorghum varieties of high-yield and high-quality, and establishing pastoral complex based on sorghum to enhance the integration of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries, which could provide references for farmers and governments to speed up the promotion of new varieties of wine-making sorghum.