Current issue

• 2021 Vol.37 No.35 Published:15 December 2021

  Response of Maize Seedling Growth and Development to Potassium Concentration Yan Yan, Xu Lina, Li Lijie, Zhang Zhiyong 2021, 37 (35):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0780 Abstract + ( 575 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1284KB )   ( 935 ) To explore the effects of potassium dosage and the number of remaining seedlings on the indicators related to the growth and development of maize seedlings, under hydroponic condition, we took ‘Lishou No.1’ as the material, set different potassium concentration gradients (K1:1.35mmol/L, K2:1.85mmol/L, K3: 2.35mmol/L, K4: 2.85mmol/L) and the number of remaining seedling plants (D1: 4 plants/pot, D2: 8 plants/pot) to study the response of plant height, stem thickness, plant fresh weight, root-shoot ratio, leaf area and chlorophyll content to potassium concentration and the number of remaining seedlings. The results showed that the application of potassium fertilizer could promote the growth of maize. Under D1 treatment, the competition among plants was small, the nutrition was sufficient, and the growth of maize was more vigorous. With the increase of potassium concentration, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and plant total fresh weight achieved the largest and the smallest values under K4 and K1 treatment, respectively. Under D2, the plant height, total green leaf area and SPAD value of maize were the largest under K2 treatment, which were significantly larger than those under other treatments. The stem diameter, single plant biomass, total green leaf area and SPAD value increased first and then decreased, but there was no significant difference between treatment K2, K3 and K4. The root-shoot ratio of D1 and D2 in different concentrations showed that the root-shoot ratio of D1 under K1 was relatively high, while that of D2 was relatively high in medium and high concentration.

  Comparative Experiment of Fresh and Sweet Corn Varieties and Analysis of Meteorological Conditions in the Growing Period Su Lijun 2021, 37 (35):  7-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0276 Abstract + ( 437 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1236KB )   ( 147 ) A comparative experiment of sweet corn quality was carried out to analyze the characters, quality and taste of the varieties. The sweet corn varieties suitable for popularizing in Huhhot were screened out. The whole growth period of sweet corn varieties was observed according to the plot division test of the experimental base. Four groups of samples were randomly selected for each variety, and 10 plants were selected in each group for observation. The growth status and yield structure of each variety were measured, and the taste of each variety was comprehensively evaluated according to the field evaluation of experts. The results show that among the 15 sweet corn varieties, ‘Wancaitiannuo 118’, ‘Hetiannuo 2’, ‘Jinnuo 628’, ‘Wannuo 2018’ and ‘Meiyujiatiannuo 36’ are of uniform size, full grain, neat rows, sweet and glutinous and delicious taste and good quality. ‘Hetiannuo 2’ belongs to taste corn, but the spike length is small. Therefore, it is not suitable for farmers who prefer sweet corn ear length and yield. ‘Meiyujiatiannuo 36’ is a kind of early maturing corn. The taste is waxy and sweet. However, due to its short growing period, planting must be combined with marketing to prevent premature senescence. ‘Wancaitiannuo 118’, ‘Jinnuo 628’ and ‘Wannuo 2018’ belong to medium maturity varieties, which could be popularized in a large area. Considering the characters of the sweet corn varieties, the longer the growing period, the better the taste. In general, the early mature sweet corn has a poor taste, while the middle late maturing sweet corn has a better taste. The sweet corn of hybrid line is more sweet and glutinous than that of the inbred line sweet corn. The sweet corn is affected by unfavorable weather conditions such as drought, high temperature and cloudy days. Bad water and fertilizer condition in the growth period is not conducive to the rapid growth of sweet corn. High temperature or cloudy days in flowering or milk ripening period could affect pollination and seed set.

  Melatonin Under Low Temperature Stress: Effects on Germination Characteristics of Cotton Seeds Lou Hui, Zhao Zengqiang, Zhu Jincheng, Zhang Wei 2021, 37 (35):  13-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0660 Abstract + ( 470 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1492KB )   ( 1733 ) Low temperature stress seriously affects seed germination of cotton. In order to clarify the regulation of melatonin on cotton seed germination under low temperature stress, the sea island cotton variety ‘Xinhai 41’ was used as test material in this study. The effect of different melatonin concentration treatments on germination characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activity, MDA and hydrogen peroxide content of cotton seeds was analyzed under low temperature stress (15℃). The results showed that the germination rate, germination potential and germination index of cotton seeds were reduced by 17.41%, 13.52% and 74.96%, respectively, and the embryonic root length was reduced by 40.35%, while SOD, POD and CAT activities were slightly increased, and MDA and H2O2 contents were increased under low temperature compared with the normal temperature control. The low concentrations of melatonin (10 μmol/L and 20 μmol/L) treatments significantly increased the germination potential, germination rate and germination index, as well as embryonic root length, enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduced the production of MDA and H2O2 in cotton seeds under low temperature stress, in which the SOD, POD and CAT activities increased after 20 μmol/L melatonin treatment compared with the low temperature control by 3.53%, 29.47%, and 3.45%, and MDA and H2O2 contents were reduced by 13.93% and 8.08%, respectively, after 20 μmol/L melatonin treatment compared with the low temperature control. The appropriate concentration of melatonin treatment could effectively alleviate the damage of low temperature stress on cotton seed germination and enhance the low temperature stress of seeds, among which 20 μmol/L melatonin treatment has the best effect.

  Effects of Fertilization by Stages on Yield and Quality of New Potato Variety ‘Xingjia 2’ Zhao Guanglei, Zhang Yakui, Wu Lingjuan, Diao Zhuo, Xu Xuepu, Liang Jie, Dong Chuanmin 2021, 37 (35):  20-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.cabs2021-0027 Abstract + ( 466 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1277KB )   ( 240 ) The paper aims to clarify the effects of fertilization by stages on potato yield and quality, and summarize rational fertilization techniques. The randomized block design was used to study the effects of fertilization by stages on potato plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, yield and quality traits using a new potato variety ‘Xingjia 2’ as the material. The results showed that fertilization by stages could improve the plant height and stem diameter of potato. Compared with the control, the plant height of T9 was the highest and increased by 14.3%, and the stem diameter of T6 was the highest and increased by 14%, respectively. The chlorophyll contents of 7 treatments were higher than the control from tuber formation to tuber maturity. The yields of 7 treatments were higher than that of the control, and the highest yield was T6 of 38460 kg/hm 2, increased by 9% compared with that of the control. Concerning the quality, the VC content of potato increased in all fertilization by stages treatments. The starch contents of 8 treatments were higher than that of the control. These results suggest that the rational fertilization by stages could not only increase the yield but also improve the quality of potato.

  Transcription Factor BvMYB44 Gene in Energy Beet: Expression Characteristics in Response to Cadmium Stress and Its Bioinformatics Analysis Wang Man, Zhou Wanting, Zhou Xiang, Li Siqi, Wang Xueqian, Wang Luhong, Li Wangsheng, Li Jiajia, Gao Zhuo, Liu Dali 2021, 37 (35):  25-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0677 Abstract + ( 410 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2153KB )   ( 5867 ) In order to analyze the regulatory role of BvMYB44 of energy beet under heavy metal stress, this study used ‘780016B/12You’ as material to study the expression pattern of BvMYB44 in response to cadmium stress by qRT-PCR, and analyzed its function by bioinformatics. The results show that the total length of cDNA of BvMYB44 gene is 942 bp, encoding 313 amino acids, the molecular weight of the protein is 33935.01 Da, and the theoretical isoelectric point is 7.57. BvMYB44 is an unstable alkaline hydrophilic protein with 39 phosphorylation sites located in the nucleus and only one exon. BvMYB44 is a member of the R2R3-MYB subfamily and is most closely related to CqMYB44-like from Chenopodium quinoa and SoMYB44-like from Spinacia oleracea. Several cis-acting elements related to abiotic stress are predicted in the promoter region of this gene, which is speculated to be involved in a variety of abiotic stress responses. The qRT-PCR shows that BvMYB44 has different levels of significantly up-regulated expression in energy beet leaves and roots under 0.5 mmol/L cadmium stress. Therefore, it can be inferred that BvMYB44 has a certain response relationship with cadmium stress. This study will provide candidate genes and a theoretical basis for germplasm innovation of heavy metal-resistant energy beet and expansion of plant remediation.

  Effects of Integrated Drip Irrigation of Water and Fertilizer on Fruit Enlarging of ‘Crimson’ Seedless Grape in Xi Chang Liu Dazhang, Mao Liping, Li Zhichao, Zheng Chonglan, Wu Linglin, Zhu Mingqian, Wu Dengfeng 2021, 37 (35):  34-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0826 Abstract + ( 507 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1158KB )   ( 55 ) To screen suitable combination of water and fertilizer for fruit enlarging of ‘Crimson’ seedless grape, an integrated drip irrigation experiment of water and fertilizer with 4 irrigation amount gradients and 4 fertilizing amount gradients was set during the whole growth period to explore the effects on traits of fruit enlarging. The results showed that the interaction of main treatments and side treatments had significant effects on the indexes of the fruit enlarging traits of ‘Crimson’ seedless grape. The combinations of 5850 m 3/hm2, 5400 m3/hm2 irrigation amount and 3150 kg/hm2, 2700 kg/hm2 fertilizing amount were beneficial to the transverse elongation, longitudinal elongation, per berry weight increase, and hardness enhancement. The combination of 5850 m3/hm2 irrigation amount and 2700 kg/hm2 fertilizing amount had the best treatment effect. The combinations of 5400 m3/hm2, 4950 m3/hm2 irrigation amount and 3150 kg/hm2, 2700 kg/hm2 fertilizing amount were beneficial to the soluble solid content increase. The combination of 4950 m3/hm2 irrigation amount and 3150 kg/hm2 fertilizing amount had the best treatment effect.

  Effects of Organic Fertilizer and Microbial Inoculants on the Yield and Quality of Xinning Navel Orange Chen Yongfa, Zhou Hui, Song Liubin, Fan Cheng, Wang Yuefeng 2021, 37 (35):  38-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0423 Abstract + ( 294 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1321KB )   ( 54 ) The research aims to improve the yield and quality of navel orange fruit by organic fertilizer and microbial inoculants application, thus providing a technical basis for soil environment improvement and navel orange green plantation in Xinning County of Hunan Province. The authors used ‘7904’ navel orange as the test material and carried out a field plot experiment, three different fertilization treatments were set up, namely the organic fertilizer (T1), organic fertilizer+ microbial inoculants (T2), conventional chemical fertilization (T3), to measure relative indexes of fruit yield and quality. The results showed that compared with T3, the yield, average fruit heavy, reducing sugar content and sugar-acid ratio of navel orange obviously increased by 6.88%, 20.41%, 12.54%, 0% respectively in 2019 and 6.03%, 6.19%, 72.16%, 59.50%, respectively in 2020 by using the organic fertilizer (T1), and 6.18%, 26.60%, 12.85%, 0% respectively in 2019 and 5.12%, 10.76%, 69.68%, 55.34% respectively in 2020 by using the organic fertilizer+ microbial inoculants (T2). The edible rate of T2 was increased by 6.72% in 2019 and 5.73% in 2020 compared with T3 and 7.63% in 2019 and 6.78% in 2020 compared with T1. Considering the fruit yield and quality, the application of organic fertilizer+ microbial inoculants is the optical treatment. The field experiments indicate that using organic fertilizer+ microbial inoculants could not only improve the fruit yield and quality, but also substitute for chemical fertilizer application to prevent its pollution.

  Meteorological Influencing Factors and Forecast Model for the Yield of Yellow Peach in Fengxian Xu Xiangming, Tan Jianguo, Gu Pinqiang, Du Jihong, Wang Zhengda, Tang Chenyang, Yao Yinqiu, Yin Liyang 2021, 37 (35):  43-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0161 Abstract + ( 386 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1357KB )   ( 196 ) Based on the meteorological observation data of temperature, precipitation, humidity and sunshine on a ten-day basis from 1981 to 2019 and the yield data of yellow peach from 1982 to 2019, the variation trend of yellow peach yield and its response to meteorological factors were analyzed, and the meteorological forecasting model of Fengxian yellow peach yield was established using single factor index and correlation analysis, to analyze the effects of meteorological factors on the yield of yellow peach during the whole growth period from 2003 to 2019. The results showed that the yellow peach yield changed from the wavelike rise to fluctuation in 2003, and the yield variation coefficient was 22.9%. The correlation between meteorological factors and yield of yellow peach was higher in the fruit enlargement and maturity stage, followed by the stage of flower bud differentiation, germination to flowering and fruit-setting stage, and the correlation between meteorological factors and the yield of yellow peach fruit was small in the leaf fallen and dormant stage. Temperature (sunshine) in the fruit enlargement and maturity stage was positively correlated with the yield from April to June, but negatively correlated with the yield from July to August. The effect of precipitation (humidity) was basically opposite to that of temperature, and in late July, the minimum temperature, precipitation, precipitation days and sunshine were significantly correlated with the yield. The temperature at the stage of flower bud differentiation was positively correlated with the yield except from late July to early August and early September, and the last day with daily mean temperature no less than 10℃ in the previous year and the effective accumulated temperature at 10 and 20℃ in the previous year was significantly and positively correlated with the yield. The correlation between precipitation (number of precipitation days) and yield fluctuated greatly in each ten-day period at the stage of flower bud differentiation. In the leaf fallen and dormant stage, drought and insufficient cold storage capacity caused by warmer winters might have some influence on the yield. The least square partial regression equation of yellow peach yield based on meteorological factors has good fitting effect and can provide decision-making service for the production and management departments.

  Uptake Preference of Different Forms of Nitrogen in the Community of Calamagrostis angustifolia in Sanjiang Plain Fu Xiaoling, Ni Hongwei, Liu Yingnan, Wang Jifeng, Wang Jianbo, Ma Fang 2021, 37 (35):  51-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0230 Abstract + ( 242 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1338KB )   ( 33 ) To explore the vegetation absorption preference of different nitrogen forms in Sanjiang plain, took the typical plant community in Sanjiang plain, Calamagrostis angustifolia community in meadow, as the research object, the labeled NH +4-N and NO-3-N were applied by15N tracer technology. The results showed that all the five species in the meadow community showed nitrate preference, and the dominant species of the community absorbed the most ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. The preference of nitrate nitrogen in different organs of the dominant species was leaf>stem>root. Most of the exogenous nitrogen in the soil was absorbed by plants, and the residual ammonium nitrogen in the soil was more than the nitrate nitrogen.

  Effects of Different Winter Cover Crop Rotations on Farmland Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Ren Hui, Ding Lei, Zhao Cai 2021, 37 (35):  57-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0042 Abstract + ( 457 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1446KB )   ( 181 ) Wind erosion is a key factor of soil quality reduction in agro-ecosystems in arid area, and winter crop coverage can effectively reduce soil wind erosion. This study aims to construct a suitable annual cover crop rotation pattern based on the effect of different winter cover crop rotations integrated with green manure multiple cropping on soil carbon and nitrogen in Hexi irrigation area. A field experiment was carried out in spring wheat region of Hexi irrigation area where the temperature conditions were surplus for one season of crop but insufficient for two seasons of crop. The experiment was conducted with four rotation patterns of nested planting (WCP: spring wheat—winter rape—common vetch; WWP: spring wheat—winter wheat—common vetch; WP: spring wheat—common vetch; W and CK: spring wheat—spring wheat) and three nitrogen levels (N2: 360 kg/hm2, N1: 270 kg/hm2, N0: 0 kg/hm2). The effects of different crop rotation patterns on soil carbon and nitrogen content were analyzed. The results showed that the content of soil organic carbon, soil soluble organic carbon, thermally extracted organic carbon, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen increased with the nitrogen application rate under the same rotation pattern. In WCP rotation mode, N1 did not decrease the content of soil organic carbon, soil soluble organic carbon, soil thermally extracted organic carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen, respectively, compared with N2. Under the condition of the same nitrogen application rate, the difference among the rotation patterns was not significant, but they significantly differed from CK. Among them, in 0-10 cm soil layer, WCP rotation mode increased the average content of soil organic carbon, soil soluble organic carbon, soil thermally extracted organic carbon, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen by 5.42%, 9.78%, 10.96%, 20.51%, 15.76%, 18.94% respectively compared with CK; in 10-30 cm soil layer, the above indexes increased by 9.54%, 7.06%, 12.99%, 20.12%, 16.51%, 18.16%, respectively. Therefore, under the condition of nitrogen reduction, the spring wheat and winter rape rotation integrated with green manure multiple cropping pattern (WCP) has significant effect on improving farmland soil carbon and nitrogen, which is an appropriate annual cover crop rotation pattern in Hexi irrigation area.

  Effect of Activated Oxygen Technology on Soil Successive Cropping Obstacle Remediation and Tomato Quality Improvement Wang Xiaoyun, Cai Yuntong, Wu Hongsheng, Zhang Xumei, Xu Jinyi, Ma Wenzhou, Zhang Jinfu, Hu Qingqing, Sun Qian, Zhang Qian, Ding Jun, Shen Wenzhong 2021, 37 (35):  65-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0126 Abstract + ( 380 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1336KB )   ( 56 ) Soil sickness in facility agriculture of tomato cultivation is so severe that could affect greenhouse vegetable and fruits production. The control and inhibition effects of activated oxygen technology (AO) on soil sickness was studied on soil of 5 years successive tomato cultivating. The results showed that soil microbial ecosystem changed after the treatment, the amounts of forma specialis Fusarium oxysporum decreased by 79.2%-93.5%, Ralstonia solanacearum decreased by 83.3%-91.7% compared with CK after irrigated with AO water twice and sealed with plastic film of 1 month. Compared with control, topsoil soluble salts declined and soil conductivity was reduced by 55.5% and bulk soil weight decreased by 4.43%. For tomato cultivation under the AO treatment, the yield increased by 20.2%-23.7% compare with CK. The Vc content, total soluble sugar content and edible fiber in tomato fruits increased by 52.9%-76.2%, 12.8%-16.8%, and 20.9%-23.3%, respectively, while the content of nitrate decreased by 16.3%-14.2% in comparison with the control. In conclusion, activated oxygen and high temperature solar flooding technology could be used to prevent and control soil sickness in facility agriculture.

  Space-temporal Matching Pattern of Agricultural Land and Water Resources in Beijing Wang Yan, Lei Xiaohui, Zhang Yu, Cui Na 2021, 37 (35):  73-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0092 Abstract + ( 323 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1402KB )   ( 48 ) With the steady improvement of urbanization, the contradiction between resources and urban issues has become increasingly prominent. Agricultural development still maintains a steadily increasing momentum, but water resources and land resources that are closely related to agriculture are slightly insufficient. This study used the water resources, agricultural land and agricultural economic conditions of 16 districts of Beijing from 2009 to 2015 as index variables, firstly calculated the matching degree of agricultural land and water in time and space dimensions, and then made correlation analysis between the matching degree and agricultural economy at district level. The results showed that the matching degree of water and agricultural land in the whole city decreased year by year after reaching a small peak in 2012, it showed a strip distribution in whole, and the degree was also significantly different among those districts. The overall level of the eastern region was better than that of the western region, and the southern region was better than that of the northern region. The matching condition was better in Daxing, Shunyi and Tongzhou, while that of the six districts of the urban area were slightly worse. Moreover, the matching degree of water and agricultural land was positively correlated with agricultural economy. The technical framework of water and land resource matching given in this study is simple and feasible, and the results could also provide a scientific basis for further optimization and adjustment of agricultural development in the future.

  Control Effect of 9 Fungicides on Wheat Stripe Rust in Desert and Oasis Wheat Region Chen Li, Zhou Tingting, Shen Yuyang, Lu Zifeng, Cui Yanhua, Zhao Haiyan, Liu Qi, Gao Haifeng 2021, 37 (35):  78-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0025 Abstract + ( 676 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1232KB )   ( 345 ) To screen the fungicides with good control effect on wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis West. f. sp. tritici Eriks ET Henn), and to provide a basis for scientific control of wheat stripe rust in Xinjiang, a field efficacy test was carried out by randomized block method. The occurrence of wheat stripe rust in the wheat field was investigated at the designated site, and the control effects of fungicides on wheat stripe rust were evaluated. The results show that 240 g/L Mefentrifluconazole·pyraclostrobin SC, 19% Picoxystrobin·propiconazole SC, 23% Epoxiconazole·kresoxim-methyl SC and 75% Trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole WG are effective in the control of wheat stripe rust, and the highest control effect of these four agents is 82.64%, 77.28%, 71.36% and 70.93%, respectively. The control effect of 40% Myclobutanil WP, 42% Metrafenone SC, 430 g/L Tebuconazole SC, 43% Fluoxastrobin·tebuconazole SC and 48% Difenoconazole·azoxystrobin SC on wheat stripe rust is from 61.11% to 64.89%. It is suggested that 240 g/L Mefentrifluconazole·pyraclostrobin SC, 19% Picoxystrobin·propiconazole SC, 23% Epoxiconazole·kresoxim-methyl SC, 75% Trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole WG, 40% Myclobutanil WP, 42% Metrafenone SC, 430 g/L Tebuconazole SC, 43% Fluoxastrobin·tebuconazole SC and 48% Difenoconazole·azoxystrobin SC should be used alternately to control wheat stripe rust, which could have good control effect and improve the food production safety.

  Effects of Different Carotene Concentrations and Feed Preparation Methods on Larvae of Coccinella Septempunctata Lu Qiucheng, Liu Dongyang, Wang Yong, Xu Jinlan, Jiang Lianqiang, Liu Chao, Cai Peng, Li Yuejian, He Hengguo, Pu Deqiang 2021, 37 (35):  82-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0067 Abstract + ( 327 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1305KB )   ( 61 ) To determine the effects of different carotene contents and artificial feed preparation methods on the larvae of Coccinella Septempunctata, the larvae of C. Septempunctata were fed with artificial feed composed of different concentrations of carotene and other components, the developmental period, pupa rate, adult number and weight of the larvae and pupa were evaluated and analyzed. The results showed that larvae fed with 50 mg/kg carotene and other components had the pupa formation rate of 75.00%±5.00%(n=20), the adult rate of 71.75%±2.00%(n=20) and the larval stage of (11.68±0.10) d (n=20), which were significantly higher than those of other feeding groups, while the body weight was (0.0325±0.0007) g(n=20), which was significantly lower than that of feeding groups, and the pupa stage was (3.70±0.11) d (n=20), which had no significant difference with other groups. The pupa stage and body weight of C. Septempunctata larvae fed with dry powder diet and sugared water was (3.80±0.06) d (n=20) and (0.0357±0.0006) g (n=20), which had no significant difference with those of C. Septempunctata larvae fed with paste diet and sugared water as (3.55±0.10) d (n=20) and (0.0345±0.0010) g (n=20), respectively. However, the pupa rate was 57.50%±2.00%(n=20) and the adult rate was 41.25%±5.00%(n=20) of the group fed with dry powder diet and sugared water, which were significantly higher than those fed with paste diet respectively, 18.00%±2.00%(n=20) and 17.00%±2.00%(n =20), while the larva stage (9.93±0.17) d (n=20) was significantly lower than that of the paste diet feeding group (11.68±0.16) d (n=20). The adult rate and pupa rate of C. Septempunctata larvae fed on the artificial diet with the concentration of 50 mg/kg carotene are significantly higher than those of other combinations, and the dry powder artificial diet is significantly better than the paste artificial diet. The study establishes a combination of good feed for C. Septempunctata larvae and its preparation method.

  Calcium Homeostasis and Application of Negative DCAD Diet in Cows During Close-up Period Li Yan, Fu Yao, Chen Yong, Wei Zheng 2021, 37 (35):  88-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0870 Abstract + ( 472 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1690KB )   ( 169 ) Periparturition is the most critical period of lactation cycle and even the whole life of cows. The feeding management of periparturition has impacts on milking performance, reproductive performance and health status of cows in the whole lactation period. In view of the research about the nutrition and physiology of periparturition cows in recent years, especially that calcium homeostasis of cows during close-up period has been attached with more and more attention, negative DCAD (dietary cation-anion difference) diet or anionic diet has been widely promoted and applied in foreign farms as a beneficial exploration. Based on the comprehensive description of calcium homeostasis, absorption and release rules and the characteristics of negative DCAD diets, this article puts forward production recommendations for the application of negative DCAD diets. On the basis of reasonable DMI (dry matter intake), a combination of negative DCAD diets and high calcium levels is commonly used currently. Set the DCAD level of -100 to -150 meq/kg, combined with the high magnesium content of about 0.4% and low phosphorus level, the corresponding urine pH should be 5.5 to 6.5.

  Effect of Garlic Straw Feeding on Weight Gain and Mutton Quality of Sheep Ren Yanyun, Liu Guowei, Zhang Longping, Gao Yuanyuan, Chu Huimin, Li Yinfeng, Zhang Chenggang, Tan He 2021, 37 (35):  93-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0834 Abstract + ( 1765 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1374KB )   ( 49 ) To study the effect of garlic straw feeding on weight gain and mutton quality of Small Tailed Han sheep, 30 Small Tailed Han sheep were randomly divided, according to different proportions of garlic straw in roughage, into experimental group 1, experimental group 2 and control group, ten sheep in each group. The related indexes such as different feed nutrients, feed intake, daily gain, the occurrence of intestinal diseases and mutton quality of Small Tail Han sheep in different groups were determined. Compared with corn feed and corn straw, the content of calcium and crude fiber in fresh garlic straw is relatively high, and the content of allicin is 17.80 mg/100 g. The results indicate that garlic straw feed proportion has significant influence on weight gain of mutton sheep,with the increase of adding proportion, the weight gain of mutton sheep is significantly promoted. The daily weight gain of test group 1 and 2 is 35.29% and 17.65% higher than that of control group. Garlic straw feeding could significantly improve the content of unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids in mutton. Under the condition of high garlic straw proportion of crude materials (70% in this experiment), the content of unsaturated fatty acids cis-9-oleic acid and linoleic acid in mutton is increased by 370.58% and 60.70% respectively compared with the control. The restricted amino acids, essential amino acids and meat flavor amino acids in mutton are increased by 4.98%, 3.82% and 1.51% respectively compared with the control. The results show that garlic straw as the main ingredient of roughage could significantly promote the weight gain and quality of mutton compared with conventional silage corn as the main ingredient feeding.

  Advances in Development of Animal-Derived Iron-Rich Functional Food Guo Liu, Liu Shuan, Yin Yulong, Wan Dan 2021, 37 (35):  98-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0048 Abstract + ( 315 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1354KB )   ( 540 ) About one half of the global population is facing the problem of “hidden hunger” due to inadequate intake of micronutrients all over the world, the proportion of iron deficiency anemia in preschool children and gestational age women is up to one third. Iron deficiency leads to obstruction of oxygen transportation and hematopoiesis, abnormal synthesis and function of metalloenzymes, energy metabolism disorder and decreased immune function of the body. It is of great scientific and practical significance to improve the content and bioavailability of micronutrients, especially iron, in agricultural and sideline products to solve this problem of human nutrition and health. Animal-derived iron as an ideal iron source mainly exists in the form of heme iron and ferritin with a significantly higher bioavailability compared with plant-derived iron and common iron supplements. However, the iron content in most animal-derived foods is limited, and few studies has done on how to increase the iron content of animal meat, eggs and milk. Based on the characteristics of iron metabolism and distribution in livestock and poultry, in this review, we compare the bioavailability of main iron sources in organisms, analyze the factors affecting iron enrichment in livestock and poultry products and discuss the feasibility of development and application of iron-rich animal foods.

  Determination of Thiram and Mancozeb Residues in Jiawei Xiaoyao Tablets by Gas Chromatography Qu Haoran, Lu Jianqiu, Sun Wei, Wang Ying, Jin Hongyu, Ma Shuangcheng 2021, 37 (35):  104-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0035 Abstract + ( 347 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1463KB )   ( 40 ) To investigate the contamination of dithiocarbamate pesticides in the samples and their transfer during the processing, through optimizing pretreatment conditions and chromatographic conditions, this study established a gas chromatography-flame photometry (GC-FPD) method to determine thiram and mancozeb residual quantity in Jiawei Xiaoyao tablets. Dithiocarbamate pesticides reacted to form CS2 in hydrochloric acid medium containing stannous chloride. The precision of headspace injection method was not good, and the presence of high concentration of HCl in headspace gas would cause corrosion of gas chromatography injection components. Therefore, in this study, headspace injection was changed to solution injection, and isooctane was used to extract the detection indexes. The linear range of this method was 0.02-2.0 μg/mL, and the R of correlation coefficient was greater than 0.99. The average recoveries of mancozeb and thiram were 99%-115% at the level of 5, 20, 100 μg/kg, and the RSD of them was less than 2.0%, both met the detection requirements of trace pesticide residues. A total of 36 batches of Jiawei Xiaoyao tablets, and its Chinese herbal medicines and extracts were detected. The results showed that the residues of CS2 in the samples met the relevant residue limits of European Pharmacopoeia and Chinese Food Safety Standards. In this study, a GC method for the determination of mancozeb and thiram in Jiawei Xiaoyao tablets was established, which is sensitive, accurate and reliable, and could be used for the monitoring of pesticide residues in Jiawei Xiaoyao tablets and its intermediates.

  Determination of 20 Pesticide Residues in Red Beet by Modified QuEChERS Method Combined with Gas Chromatography Liu Lin, Ma Tengfei, Jia Sunyue, Zhou Qin, Wang Xiwei 2021, 37 (35):  110-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0684 Abstract + ( 467 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1636KB )   ( 100 ) A method was developed to determine 20 pesticide residues in red beet by modified QuEChERS method combined with gas chromatography-electron capture detector. The pesticide residues in the samples were extracted by acetonitrile and cleaned up by dispersive solid-phase extraction using MWCNTs, after filtration, they were separated on RTX-1 chromatographic column, determined by gas chromatography, and quantified by the external standard method. The temperature-programmed conditions of gas chromatography were tested, and the effects of different extraction solvents and purification methods on the detection results were investigated. The results showed that under the optimized conditions, good linear relations were obtained in the range of 0.01-0.50 mg/L (Atrazine was in the range of 0.03-0.50 mg/L), the correlation coefficients (R2) were all higher than 0.99, and 20 pesticides were well separated. The pre-treatment condition was as follow: acetonitrile: sample was 2:1, and the amount of MWCNTs was 10 mg. The average recoveries of red beet were 62.0%-116.5% at three spiked concentration levels with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.9%-10.9%, the limits of detection were 0.12 μg/L - 0.063 mg/L, and the limits of quantitation were 0.4 μg/L - 0.21 mg/L. This method is simple, rapid, accurate, and could be used for the determination of organochlorine and pyrethroid residues in red beet.

  Evaluation of Genetic Gain for Harvest Body Weight in Turbot (Scophthalmus Maximus, Linnaeus) After Three Generations Sun Song, Hu Yulong, Lv Ding, Wang Weiji 2021, 37 (35):  118-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0016 Abstract + ( 351 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1628KB )   ( 183 ) The genetic parameters and genetic progress of harvest weight of turbot after breeding in three generations (G0, G1, G2 and G3) were evaluated. The data included 12,980 individuals from 590 families. The estimated heritability of harvested weight traits of G0, G1, G2 and G3 was 0.19±0.08, 0.18±0.09, 0.51±0.09 and 0.29±0.16, respectively, and the heritability across generations was 0.16±0.03. Based on the average estimated breeding value of all individuals and retained parental species in each generation, the selection differential is calculated, 45.6 g in G0, 13.1 g in G1, -27.9 g in G2, respectively, 10.3 g per generation. Genetic progression was 10.2 g, 37.4 g, and 0.3g, equivalent to 2.06%, 8.76%, and 0.04%, respectively. The cumulative genetic progress after three generations was 10.86% of body weight, with an average of 3.56% per generation, indicating that the breeding of weight traits of turbot was generally successful.

  Effect of Transport Density on Water Quality in Water Tank of Khanka Culter Alburnus Liu Wei, Zhou Guoqin, Pei Xueying, Mao Jianqiang, Chen Shuqiao, Zhang Leiming, Shi Xiaolan 2021, 37 (35):  124-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0791 Abstract + ( 350 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1236KB )   ( 101 ) To study the effects of density on the transport water quality and survival rate of C. albarnus juvenile fish, determine the appropriate transport density and provide reference for scientific transport of Culter albarnus, C. albarnus was transported in plastic bucket for 10 h at 6 different transport densities (D = 20、40、60、80、100、120 g/L). The effects of different transport densities on ammonia nitrogen, nitrite concentration and survival rate of C. albarnus were investigated. The results showed that the values of 48 h-LC50 and 96 h-LC50 of ammonia nitrogen to C. albarnus were 22.66 mg/L and 16.70 mg/L respectively, and the safe concentration was 1.67 mg/L; the values of 48 h-LC50 and 96 h-LC50 of nitrite to C. albarnus were 0.18 mg/L and 0.12 mg/L respectively, and the safe concentration of nitrite was 0.01 mg/L. The survival rate in 20 g/L and 40 g/L group was 100% at 10 h, and the survival rate in 60, 80, 100 and 120 g/L group decreased significantly compared with that of 0 h (P<0.05), and the survival rate in 120 g/L group was 0% at 10 h; the pH value in each group showed a downward trend with the increase of transportation time, and the downward trend in high density group was greater than that in low density group; with the increase of transportation time, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in each group showed an upward trend (P<0.05), and the higher the density, the more significant the increase of ammonia nitrogen concentration was; the nitrite concentration in each group increased with the increase of transportation time, which was positively correlated with the density of C. albarnus. The higher the density, the more significant the increase of nitrite concentration was (P<0.05). In the simulated transporting process, the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite content of water quality are affected by both the transporting time and fish density. The longer the transporting time and the higher the fish density, the higher the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite concentration the water will contain, and the lower the survival rate of Khanka C. Alburnus will be.

  Mathematical Analysis of Effects of Morphological Characteristics on Meat Weight of Antarctic Krill Tan Jiayu, Ni Jin, Shen Jian 2021, 37 (35):  131-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0758 Abstract + ( 458 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1330KB )   ( 363 ) In order to provide biological data and a theoretical basis for the design of Antarctic Krill Sheller, the main morphometric attributes affecting the meat weight of Antarctic Krill were studied. A total of 100 Antarctic Krill were collected and the attributes including body length(X1), carapace length (X2), abdomen length(X3), tail fan length(X4), carapace width(X5), abdomen width(X6) and meat weight(Y) were measured. Methods of correlation analysis and path analysis were used to analyze the effects of morphological characteristics on meat weight of Antarctic Krill. The correlation analysis showed that, all correlation coefficients between morphometric attributes and meat weight achieved very significant difference (P<0.01). By path analysis and regression significance test, the abdomen length(X3) and abdomen width(X6) were used to establish the multiple regression equation, which was: Y=-0.187+0.008X3+0.032X6, and the regression coefficient of the above equation reached significant level (P<0.01). The path coefficients of abdomen length and abdomen width to the meat weight all achieved significant level (P<0.01). These attributes were very indicative of determining the meat weight, among them the abdomen length had the largest direct effect. The carapace length and carapace width affected meat weight indirectly.

  Property Right System Reform of Rural Collective Construction Land in China: Public Nature Analysis Gao Hong 2021, 37 (35):  136-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0807 Abstract + ( 373 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1075KB )   ( 71 ) In order to analyze the problems and summarize governance experience in the pilot reform of China’s collective construction land property rights system, and explore ways to systematically promote the reform the system, the study used data, norms and comparative analysis methods, to introspect and probe into the problem of public nature deficiency in China’s rural collective construction land property right system reform. From public nature production logic perspective, and based on the coordination of “public interests of integrated development of urban and rural areas, common interests of collective economy and property interests of farmers” under current market economy condition, the study proposed the constructing path of property right system reform of “multi subject collaborative governance, digital governance technology innovation, improvements in public infrastructure and services, two-way flow construction of urban and rural factor markets”. To this end, the study suggests to further clarify the public nature goal of the property right system reform of rural collective construction land, systematically advance the reform supporting measures from the perspective of urban-rural integration development, and strengthen the public nature evaluation of the reform effect.

  Function and Development Strategy of New Agricultural Operators in Rural Revitalization Under Green Development Zhan Mengyu 2021, 37 (35):  141-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0970 Abstract + ( 377 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1086KB )   ( 188 ) To implement the rural revitalization strategy, the construction of modern agricultural production and management system is very important. Through the development of various forms of agricultural large-scale management, we can not only solve the problem of low agricultural production efficiency, but also promote agricultural and rural modernization. As a special business entity, the new agricultural operators basically cover the upstream, middle and downstream organizational forms of China’s agriculture, and participate in and connect different links of the agricultural industrial chain. This paper analyzed the development connotation and functional orientation of the new agricultural operators, and summarized and analyzed the existing problems and development strategies of the new agricultural operators in terms of development quality, land use scale, financial system construction, talent system cultivation, industrial in-depth integration development, ability and awareness of serving farmers, information technology and digitization. The objectives are to develop the new agricultural operators in the four characteristics of intensification, specialization, organization and socialization, and make them play a greater role in developing green agriculture and promoting rural revitalization in China.

  Construction of the Evaluation Index System of Digital Village from the Perspective of Urban-Rural Integrated Development Ma Xiaolei, Yun Zhenyu, Zhang Yanlong, Ding Yaoping 2021, 37 (35):  147-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0937 Abstract + ( 600 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1232KB )   ( 65 ) To promote the construction of a new urban-rural relationship in the digital age, this article aims to realize the integrated development of digital villages and smart cities. Based on the review of related research on the evaluation of the development level of smart cities, we used the knowledge graph method and the fuzzy set method to screen out the common evaluation indicators of smart cities, selected characteristic indicators based on the characteristics of rural areas and extended some evaluation indicators of smart cities to digital village to build a digital village evaluation index system. With the principles of science, comprehensiveness, reliability and availability, we finally constructed an evaluation index system of digital villages including development support, digital infrastructure, digital governance, digital people’s livelihood and industrial digitization. By comparing with other evaluation index systems related to digital villages, the constructed system is more comprehensiveness and scientific, which could reflect the connotation of driving the digital village development by smart city progress, and objectively indicate the degree of urban-rural integration development based on an interactive relationship between county-level cities and villages.

  Reinforcement of Paradigm Shift of Governance at Local Level by Eco-planning Fan Yingchao, Liu Kaiying, Wang Xiaojun 2021, 37 (35):  154-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0342 Abstract + ( 357 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1387KB )   ( 113 ) The paper aims to analyze the role of multi-stakeholders in inclusive eco-planning and point out that they could promote the paradigm shift of social governance. Eco-planning is an important part of China’s ongoing territory spatial planning and a bridge between the natural and social ecosystems, and promoting social governance at local level through the eco-planning process is the key to achieving territory spatial planning. Based on research and practice since 2000, the paper analyzed the role of the local governments and their departments, the public, planners, and other social forces in the interactive cooperation in formulating, implementing, monitoring and evaluating of eco-planning. And the paper compared the two social governance paradigms which eco-planning faces. The research pointed out that the inclusive and cooperative governance paradigm in eco-planning had the ability to promote paradigm shift of social governance. Through the description of the inclusive eco-planning process, it indicated that the way of coordinating the relationship between stakeholders in its specific process could help transform social governance into a multi-stakeholders’ cooperative governance system and a multiple consultation platform in which multi-stakeholders participate.

  Reflections on Rural Economic Revitalization of Mountainous Areas out of Poverty in Hebei Province Cui Zhiwei 2021, 37 (35):  160-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1036 Abstract + ( 500 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1485KB )   ( 155 ) By the end of 2020, absolute poverty had been eliminated across China. However, there are still some problems in the development of rural economy, especially in mountainous areas, such as the backward development concept of farmers, the single mode of production and the lack of development ideas. These problems seriously restrict the revitalization of rural economy in mountainous areas. To carry out the strategy of rural revitalization, the government and society should focus on current rural development status, find out the causes of the problems, and put forward countermeasures to build up the rural economy. Taking F county in Hebei Province as an example, combined with the rural situation of other poverty-stricken mountainous areas in Hebei Province,this paper analyzed the problems existing in the progress of rural economy, especially in the mountainous areas, and put forward corresponding suggestions.