Current issue

• 2021 Vol.37 No.34 Published:05 December 2021

  Effects on Grain Yield, Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Japonica Rice on Yunnan Plateau Under Different N Fertilizer Levels Zhang Jinwen, Deng Wei, Lv Yonggang, Lv Ying, Xu Yuran, Gu Anyu, Nian Wei, An Hua, Dong Wei, Li Xiaolin 2021, 37 (34):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0672 Abstract + ( 427 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1276KB )   ( 71 ) The objective of the experiment is to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer levels on the yield, growth, dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake and utilization of japonica rice on Yunnan Plateau, and provide a basis for reduced application of nitrogen fertilizer. In this research, non-glutinous japonica rice ‘Chujing 28’ and glutinous japonica rice ‘Yunkejing 1’ were selected as the test materials. Based on the local conventional nitrogen fertilizer application method, 5 treatments of nitrogen level 0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg/hm 2 (N0, N1, N2, N3 and N4) were set up in the test. The results showed that the yield of the 2 japonica rice varieties increased with the application of nitrogen fertilizer increase. With N1 treatment, the yield and yield increase of ‘Yunkejing 1’ were significantly higher than that of ‘Chujing 28’, under other nitrogen level treatments, the yield of ‘Chujing 28’ was higher than that of ‘Yunkejing 1’. With the application of nitrogen fertilizer, ‘Chujing 28’ had bigger effective panicle number and higher seed setting rate, which were higher than that of ‘Yunkejing 1’ by 13.36% and 6.24% on average. Nitrogen fertilizer prolonged ‘Chujing 28’ growth stage by 1-8 days and increased the total number of leaf by 0-1, and prolonged ‘Yunkejing 1’ growth stage by 2-9 days and increased its total number of leaf by 0.3-1.1. The dry matter accumulation and total nitrogen absorption of ‘Chujing 28’ were higher than that of ‘Yunkejing 1’ by 4.42% and 18.43% on average, and the nitrogen fertilizer absorption efficiency of ‘Chujing 28’ was higher than that of ‘Yunkejing 1’ by 2.66%. In conclusion, the yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of non-glutinous japonica rice are higher than that of glutinous japonica rice. The suitable nitrogen fertilizer level is 225 kg/hm2 for non-glutinous japonica rice ‘Chujing 28’ and 150 kg/hm 2 for glutinous japonica rice ‘Yunkejing 1’.

  Main Agronomic Traits of Peanut Landraces of Sichuan Province: Genetic Diversity Analysis Lin Xianfeng, Xia Youlin, Jing Yulin, Mao Jinxiong, He Jinyu, Liao Junhua, Mao Ruohan, You Yu 2021, 37 (34):  9-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0022 Abstract + ( 375 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1285KB )   ( 92 ) The genetic diversity and characteristics of peanut landraces in Sichuan Province were clarified to provide a theoretical basis and high-quality parent materials for peanut breeding. The materials were 100 peanut landraces from different areas in Sichuan Province. The data of main agronomic traits such as growth period, mainstem length and 100-pod weight were obtained by referring to the Specification and Data Standard of Peanut Germplasm Resources.The results showed that among the 14 traits, the secondary branching number per plant possessed the largest coefficient of variance (54.12%), and the growth period possessed the smallest coefficient of variance (0.99%). The mainstem length per plant had the highest index of genetic diversity (2.99), and the growing period per plant had the smallest index of genetic diversity (0.19). Based on agronomic traits, 100 materials were clustered into 3 groups which were dominated by fastigiata in the mean Euclidean distance 5. There were 7 pearl bean type materials in groupⅠand 9 pearl bean type materials in group Ⅲ. At the same time, multiple landraces of the same geographical origin crossed over in these three groups. The results indicate that the genetic relationship of Sichuan peanut landraces is not related to their type and geographical origin, but there is rich genetic diversity among peanut varieties.

  Effect of Vermicompost Substrate Seedling on Tobacco Growth and Metabolic Enzyme Activity Li Xiaolong, Dong Qingjun, Guo Jianhua, Liu Gaofeng, Tian Yanhua, Zhang Shixiang, Jiao Jiaguo 2021, 37 (34):  15-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0029 Abstract + ( 386 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1298KB )   ( 49 ) Tobacco is used as the experimental material, with the floating seedling culture, the effects of the best ratio of vermicompost (30% vermicompost+ 30% peat+ 20% perlite+ 20% vermiculite) and conventional substrate on the growth and the metabolizing enzyme activities of tobacco in seedling stage, cluster stage and vigorous growth stage were studied, so as to provide technical reference for the application of vermicompost substrate seedling. The results show that, in the seedling stage, the method of vermicompost seedling culture could significantly promote the fresh weight of leaves, total root length, root volume, root diameter, and root activity, compared with the conventional substrate seedling culture. In the cluster stage and vigorous growing stage, the root growth of tobacco with the method of vermicompost seedling culture is better than that with conventional substrate seedling culture, and the root activity could reach significant difference level, increased by 23.50% and 24.98% respectively. However, there is no significant difference in the activity of nitrogen-transformation-related enzymes between the different seedling culture in the cluster stage and the vigorous growing stage. In conclusion, vermicompost substrate could promote the growth of tobacco at seedling stage, cluster stage and vigorous growing stage, and has a more obvious impact on tobacco root growth indicators, so vermicompost substrate is suitable for tobacco seedling in the field.

  Effect of High-carbon-based Organic Fertilizer Amount on Growth and Output Value of Flue-cured Tobacco in Fuchuan Area Zhang Jili, Zhao Wenlong, Wei Jianyu, Wang Jing, Jia Haijiang, Wang Xinfa, Liu Guoshun, Yin Quanyu 2021, 37 (34):  21-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0650 Abstract + ( 314 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1242KB )   ( 57 ) To provide a basis for improving the availability of flue-cured tobacco in Fuchuan, the effects of high-carbon-based fertilizer on the growth and output value of Fuchuan flue-cured tobacco were studied. Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different amounts of high-carbon-based fertilizer on agronomic traits, root development, dry matter accumulation, chemical composition, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The fertilizer was used as base fertilizer by drill application, conventional fertilization was used as CK, the total amount of compound fertilizer was 1125 kg/hm2, the base fertilizer was 825 kg/hm2, and the topdressing fertilizer was 300 kg/hm2. Under the same amount of topdressing and total nitrogen application, the high-carbon-based fertilizer amount of T1, T2 and T3 was 600, 1050 and 1500 kg/hm2, respectively. The results showed that high-carbon-basal fertilizer treatment could promote the expansion of upper leaves and the width of middle leaves to some extent; improve the root development and the healthy growth of tobacco plants; effectively enhance the content of total sugar and reducing sugar, reduce the content of chloride ion in tobacco leaves, and raise the content of potassium ion in middle leaves. The high-carbon-basal fertilizer treatment had little effect on yield but significant effect on output value increase, which could increase the total output value by 14.00%-21.00%, especially the output value of upper leaves by more than 28.16%; it could promote the proportion of superior leaf and reduce slightly the proportion of medium leaf. In this experiment, the effects of T2 treatment are the best, and the overall performance is T2 > T1 > T3 > CK. It is suggested that the fertilization amount of 1050 kg/hm2 should be popularized in Hezhou, Guangxi.

  Effects of ‘Dongmu 70’ Treatments on Soil Improvement, Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Liu Qiaozhen, Guo Fangyang, Yan Xiaomao, Cai Xianjie, Wu Zhaohui, Xu Chengyue, Xu Wenzheng, Han Huige, Wang Mengmeng 2021, 37 (34):  29-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0056 Abstract + ( 287 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1198KB )   ( 48 ) To explore the improvement of tobacco suitability in tobacco field with high fertility, the effects of two treatments (ploughing green-manure and overground harvest) of planting secal ecerale ‘Dongmu 70’ in winter period on soil improvement and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied. The results showed that 88 kg/hm 2 nitrogen could be brought out of the tobacco fields with overground harvest of ‘Dongmu 70’. The soil organic matter content in 0-20 cm soil layer was increased by both ploughing green-manure and overground harvest, and the activities of urease, invertase and alkaline phosphatase were also increased significantly. The overground harvest reduced the nitrogen accumulation and promoted the maturation of flue-cured tobacco leaves. Harmony of chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves of overground harvest treatment was better than that of ploughing green-manure, and the economic values increased by 8.5%. So in high fertility tobacco field, planting ‘Dongmu 70’ in winter period with overground harvest treatment could obviously improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaf.

  Salt Tolerance Function of Transcription Factor BvM14-GAI Ma Huimin, Sun Peilin, Ma Chunquan 2021, 37 (34):  34-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0696 Abstract + ( 461 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1696KB )   ( 98 ) Transcription factors play an important role in the process of plant response to adversity stress. GAI protein is an important member of the plant transcription factor family. About this protein, the research mainly focuses on the field of light response mechanism, while the protein response to salt tolerance mechanism is less reported. The full-length cDNA of BvM14-GAI gene, which is up-regulated in the transcriptome of the sugar beet M14 line under salt stress, is obtained in the early stage of the laboratory. This study aims to clarify the function of this gene in salt stress. By constructing the plant expression vector of BvM14-GAI gene, it is transformed into the Arabidopsis wild-type and GAI gene mutant plants by Agrobacterium-mediated inflorescence impregnation, then the phenotype and the indexes of the physiology and biochemistry of heterologous expression and heterologous complementary Arabidopsis plants under 150 mmol/L NaCl stress are detected. When treated with 0 mol/L NaCl, the root length, fresh weight and dry weight of heterologous expression and heterologous complementary Arabidopsis plants are significantly lower than those of the control group, indicating that BvM14-GAI gene is a negative growth regulator. After 150 mmol/L NaCl stress treatment, there is no significant difference in root length, fresh weight, dry weight and K +/Na+ of the transgenic plants, but the contents of betaine, the enzyme activities of SOD and POD of the transgenic plants increase significantly, indicating that the transcription factor BvM14-GAI could improve the salt tolerance function of heterologous expression and heterologous complementation Arabidopsis plants by enhancing osmotic regulation and antioxidant enzyme systems. The study not only expands the function of plant GAI gene in response to abiotic stress, but also has research value for elucidating the salt-tolerant molecular mechanism of sugar beet M14 line and cultivating salt-tolerant crop lines.

  Clones of Sophora japonica: Growth and Physiological Responses to Stress and Comprehensive Evaluation on Saline-alkaline Tolerance Fu Yinyin, Yan Wenxiao, Wang Youxiao, Pang Caihong, Li Shuangyun, Zhou Jilei, Min Xufeng, Liu Shengfang, Zang Zhenrong, Qi Yukun, Xia Yang 2021, 37 (34):  43-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0038 Abstract + ( 412 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1386KB )   ( 36 ) The paper aims to explore the adaptability of clones of Sophora japonica to saline environment, and select the excellent clones with characteristics of fast-growth and strong saline-alkaline resistance. Five new clones of potted plants were used as test materials to study the effects of different salt concentrations (0‰, 2‰, 4‰, 6‰) on their growth and physiological and biochemical indexes. The salt stress experiment was conducted by pot culture method, and the physiological indexes of the clones under different treatments were evaluated by principal component analysis. The results showed that the growth of above-ground and root were inhibited apparently under salt stress. The two clones ‘Huaxia’ and ‘Huashuo’ showed fast-growth under 4‰ and 6‰ concentration. The chlorophyll content decreased obviously in all clones, and the chlorophyll content of ‘Huaxia’ and ‘Huashuo’ showed the smallest decline under stress. The content of the proline in five clones showed the trend of increasing gradually with the increase of concentration, and that of ‘Huaxia’ and ‘Huashuo’ was significantly higher than the other clones. The cell membrane permeability and MDA content had a steady increase with the increase of concentration, and that of ‘Huaxia’, ‘Huashuo’ and ‘Yanhong No.3’ were significantly lower than others under 4‰ concentration stress, and ‘Huaxia’ and ‘Yanhong No.3’ were the lowest under 6‰ concentration stress. SOD activity, CAT activity and POD activity firstly increased and then decreased, SOD activity reached the maximum at a concentration of 2‰, and CAT activity and POD activity reached the maximum at a concentration of 4‰, and that of ‘Huaxia’ was always higher than the other clones at a concentration of 6‰. Under 6‰ concentration stress, the correlation of MDA with electrical conductivity, SOD, POD, biomass, chlorophyll, proline and malondialdehyde was significant or extremely significant. It indicated that using the growth and physiological indexes to evaluate the salt-resistance of five clones could therefore reflect the response of stress. By principal component analysis, the sequence of salt resistance in five clones was as follows: ‘Huaxia’>‘Huashuo’>‘Luhuai No.1’> ‘Yanhong No.3’> clone 564. Therefore, it is preliminarily considered that ‘Huaxia’ and ‘Huashuo’ have significant saline-alkaline resistance and fast-growing, which could be used as the important testing materials for afforestation in saline area and breeding resource in resistance research.

  Adaptability Evaluation of Hippophae rhamnoides Varieties in Yulin Lu Ke, Zhu Guoxu, Shi Jianguo, Chai Guaiqiang, Di Long, Zhang Gaoru, Qin Yuanyuan, Duan Yizhong 2021, 37 (34):  52-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0711 Abstract + ( 428 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1401KB )   ( 201 ) To screen high quality Hippophae rhamnoides germplasm resources suitable for planting in Yulin of northern Shaanxi, five H. rhamnoides varieties, ‘Shiyou No.1’, ‘Shenqiuhong’, H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis, ‘Nordic No.1’ and ‘Wuci Daguo’, were introduced to the area. At the end of the initial growth stage, the agronomic characters and physiological indexes at different growth stages were measured, the agronomic characters and drought resistance of different H. rhamnoides varieties were evaluated by comprehensive evaluation function method and subordinate function method. The survival rate of ‘Shenqiuhong’ among H. rhamnoides varieties introduced to Yulin was 99.02%, which was the highest. Through the analysis of agronomic characters, the growth of plant height, crown width and ground diameter of the five H. rhamnoides varieties transplanted to Yulin increased except H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis. By comparing the physiological indexes, the results showed that the indexes of five H. rhamnoides varieties had different changes. After transplanting, the MDA content of H. rhamnoides increased first and then decreased from the beginning to the end, except the ‘Wuci Daguo’. In the change of superoxide dismutase content, the content of superoxide dismutase content of ‘Wuci Daguo’ in the late fruit was significantly higher than that in other varieties except H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis (P<0.05). It can be seen from the change of peroxidase content that the peroxidase content of other varieties increased except ‘Shiyou No.1’ and ‘Wuci Daguo’. In the change of free proline content, ‘Shiyou No.1’ and ‘Wuci Daguo’ had the largest increase in free proline content, which was 24.6 and 23.65 μg/g, respectively. In the comparison of chlorophyll content, ‘Nordic No.1’ and H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis had the highest chlorophyll content. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the survival rate, agronomic traits and drought resistance evaluation, it is concluded that the biennial ‘Shenqiuhong’ is the most suitable high-quality H. rhamnoides varieties for introducing to Yulin of northern Shaanxi.

  Partial Replacement of Chemical Fertilizer with Organic Fertilizer: Effects on Eggplant Yield, Quality and Soil Fertility Yuan Qi, Feng Bing, Zhong Yuehua, Wang Jing, Xu Xianju, Ma Hongbo 2021, 37 (34):  59-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0433 Abstract + ( 387 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1236KB )   ( 59 ) The excessive application of chemical fertilizer can degrade vegetable quality and reduce fertilizer utilization rate, so we investigated the appropriate replacement ratio of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer and the suitable kinds of organic fertilizers in Sucheng, and studied the effects of partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on eggplant yield, quality and soil fertility. The results showed that 40% of chemical fertilizer replacement with organic fertilizer was better than 30% replacement. Compared with the conventional fertilization, the yield of organic fertilizer replacement was increased by 5.17%, the nitrogen use efficiency was increased by 10.49%, the eggplant soluble sugar content was increased by 9.09%, Vc content was increased by 12.31%, nitrate content was decreased by 7.09%, soil organic matter content was increased by 17.06%, and alkaline soil pH decreased by 2.92%. The study suggests that reducing nitrogen fertilizer and increasing organic fertilizer are effective ways to improve eggplant yield, quality and soil fertility. Baikenong organic fertilizer is suitable for improving soil fertility, and Wolubao organic fertilizer is suitable for improving eggplant quality.

  Physiological and Biochemical Mechanism of Ultra-dry Storage Treatment to Prolong Seed Life of Phaseolus vulgaris Sun Lu, Feng Guojun, Liu Dajun, Yang Xiaoxu, Liu Chang, Yan Zhishan 2021, 37 (34):  64-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0036 Abstract + ( 355 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1592KB )   ( 62 ) The purpose is to study the anti-aging ability of common beans under the condition of ultra-dry treatment. ‘Jiangjun’, ‘Ziguan’ and ‘Renaya’ were used as experimental materials, seeds with different moisture contents were prepared by silica gel dehydration and different degrees of ultra-dry seeds of artificial aging, the aging after the seed germination rate, germination index, seed vigor and physiological indexes were assessed for further discussion of appropriate moisture content of common beans. The results revealed that when the moisture content of ‘Jiangjun’ seeds decreased to 5.78%-6.95%, the seed indexes remained high after aging. When the moisture content of ‘Ziguan’ seeds was at 5.35%-6.89%, all the indexes after aging were higher than those of untreated seeds, and the differences were significant. After aging, the germination index and thermostable protein content of ‘Renaya’ seeds were higher than those of untreated seeds when the moisture content was 5.01%-6.15%. The study demonstrates that common beans could be stored in ultra-dry state.

  Identification and Difference Analysis of Volatile Odorants of Pear and Oilseed Rape Flowers Guo Yuan, Guo Baobei, Zhang Xufeng, Wang Bingxia, Wu Wenqing, Song Huailei, Zheng Yonghui 2021, 37 (34):  71-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0174 Abstract + ( 385 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1288KB )   ( 494 ) The paper aims to decipher the role of volatile odorants of flowers in attracting foraging of pollinators. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to detect the components of volatile odorants in the whole flower, anther and nectar of pear and oilseed rape flowers, principal component analysis and correlation analysis of insects foraging were also conducted. 9 and 23 volatile odorants of pear and oilseed rape flowers were identified respectively, alkanes, accounting for 44.44%, was the main volatile odorant of pear flowers, odor contributions of pear flowers mainly were from dimethyl sulfide, tetradecycloheptachiloxane, phenylpropionitrile, benzaldehyde and other compounds studied by principal component analysis. Esters and alkanes accounted for 8.7% and 16.09% respectively, which were the main volatile odorants of oilseed rape flowers, odor contributions of oilseed rape flowers mainly were from compounds such as reverse 2-hexenal, isothiocyanate-2-phenyl ethyl ester, 4-isothiocyanate root-1-butene, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl disulfide and other compounds studied by principal component analysis. Anthers had more volatile odorants than nectar. There were 4 orders, 10 families and 11 species of pollinators in the test site, and the number of pollinators between pear and oilseed rape also had a significant difference (P<0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between each component and the number of pollinators (P>0.05). Significant differences are identified between the constituents of volatile odorants of pear and rapeseed flowers, laying a foundation for further studies on the role of major contributors of odorants in attracting pollinators.

  Efficient Regeneration Method and Pathway of in Vitro Leaves of Rhododendron Peng Lvchun, Liao Duosi, Jie Weijia, Song Jie, Cai Yanfei, Zhang Lu, Li Shifeng 2021, 37 (34):  77-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0104 Abstract + ( 579 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2230KB )   ( 98 ) In vitro seedling leaves of six Rhododendron cultivars (‘Percy Wiseman’, ‘Cunningham's White’, ‘Halfdem Lem’, ‘Madame Masson’, ‘Scintillitation’ and ‘XXL’) were took as materials to establish efficient plant regeneration system. The effects of genotypes and exogenous hormones on the differentiation of in vitro leaves of six Rhododendron cultivars were studied, and the regeneration pathway was studied by morphology and histocytology. The results showed that TDZ was better than ZT in inducing the regeneration of in vitro leaves for the six Rhododendron cultivars. The differentiation rate of in vitro leaves induced by TDZ 0.04-0.08 mg/L was 100% and the average number of adventitious buds was 5.67-13 per leaf. The six Rhododendron cultivars could be used as candidate materials for genetic transformation, among which ‘Scintillition’, ‘Halfdem Lem’ and ‘Cunnigham’s White’ had stronger regeneration ability. Direct organ regeneration was the main regeneration pathway for the six Rhododendron cultivars, besides, there was also a few of leaves with callus indirect regeneration pathway to differentiate adventitious buds in ‘Percy Wiseman’ and ‘Madame Masson’ under TDZ induction. The results of the study could provide technical support and an experimental basis for the research on the mechanism of in vitro leaves differentiation of Rhododendron, and improve its plant regeneration frequency and genetic transformation efficiency.

  Effects of Drought and Rewatering on Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Hedychium coronarium Liu Xiaozhou, Guo Haoxuan, Zhuo Dinglong, Deng Yanwen, Zeng Feng 2021, 37 (34):  84-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0734 Abstract + ( 426 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1274KB )   ( 57 ) This paper aims to explore the physiological response of Hedychium coronarium photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in the process of drought stress and rewatering, and to provide a reference for the research on drought resistance of H. coronarium. A potted natural drought test was carried out using single seedlings of H. coronarium as material, the relative soil humidity, leaf wilt rate, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured on day 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 of drought and 3 days after rewatering. The research indicated that the relative soil humidity on day 3, 6, 9 and 12 under the drought decreased from 84.60% on day 0 to 59.20%, 34.40%, 20.40% and 15.40%, respectively. The leaf wilt rate, transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, maximum photochemical efficiency, actual light energy quantum efficiency, photochemical quenching coefficient and electron transport rate decreased with the increase of drought stress, and the parameters of the stress period were significantly different from each other (P<0.05). But the water use efficiency, stomatal limit value, and non-photochemical quenching coefficient showed an upward trend with the increase of drought stress, and the parameters of the stress period were significantly different from each other (P<0.05). All indicators recovered to varying degrees after rewatering. Comprehensive analysis of various parameters shows that drought stress has significant effects on the photosynthetic and fluorescence characteristics of H. coronarium, and stomatal factors are the main factors leading to the decrease of net photosynthetic rate of H. coronarium. All indicators of rewatering after drought can be restored, indicating that H. coronarium has certain drought adaptability.

  Effects of 8 Salt-tolerant Plants and Desulfurization Gypsum on the Water-stable Aggregates of Saline-alkali Soil in Hetao Irrigation District Xiao Hongyang, Li Mozhi, Lin Qimei, Li Erzhen, Li Guitong, Zhao Xiaorong 2021, 37 (34):  90-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0040 Abstract + ( 464 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1176KB )   ( 91 ) To explore the influence of planting different salt-tolerant plants and using desulfurization gypsum on the water-stable aggregates of saline-alkali soil in Hetao Irrigation District, this study added desulfurization gypsum and planted 8 typical salt-tolerant plants on the sulfate saline-alkali soil in Hetao Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia, and compared the characteristics of soil water-stable aggregates before and after planting, to screen out suitable salt-tolerant plants. The results showed that after planting salt-tolerant plants, the mass fraction of <0.01 mm soil aggregates decreased by 44%-65%, while the mass fraction of >0.25 mm and 0.25-0.053 mm soil aggregates increased by 95%-203% and 21%-66%, respectively. The mass fraction of 0.053-0.01 mm aggregates did not change significantly. Organic carbon and total nitrogen increased significantly at all levels of aggregates, especially in >0.25 mm water-stable aggregates, where organic carbon and total nitrogen increased by 13%-90% and 75%-179%, respectively. There were obvious differences among different salt-tolerant plants, among which the effect of perennial legumes was more obvious. The mass fraction of >0.25 mm and 0.25-0.053 mm aggregates showed a significantly negative correlation with soil pH, EC, and Na +, Mg2+, SO42- and Cl- contents, but a very significantly positive correlation with organic carbon and total nitrogen contents, while the mass fraction of <0.01 mm soil aggregates was the opposite. In conclusion, salt ions decide small aggregates and the big aggregate depends on the organic matter content. Planting salt-tolerant plants could reduce the salt content, at the same time improve the organic matter content, thus promote the mineral soil particles aggregation in saline-alkali soil, and form larger water-stable aggregates. Perennial salt-tolerant plants, such as switchgrass, alfalfa and sweet clover have better effect, which could effectively improve saline soil in the area.

  Effects of Clcium Cyanamide and Its Combined Application with Biochar and Cake Fertilizer on Enzyme Activity and Total Microorganism Biomass in Tobacco Planting Soil Dai Linjian, Chen Yu’an, Liu Chenxiang, Zhong Jun 2021, 37 (34):  97-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0030 Abstract + ( 380 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1310KB )   ( 38 ) To investigate the effects of calcium cyanamide and its combination with biochar and cake fertilizer on soil enzyme activity and total microbial biomass in tobacco planting soil, four treatments were conducted, including 150 kg/hm2 calcium cyanamide (T1), 150 kg/hm2 calcium cyanamide combined with 600 kg/hm2 biochar (T2), 150 kg/hm2 calcium cyanamide combined with 600 kg/hm2 cake fertilizer (T3) and conventional fertilization (CK, no application of calcium cyanamide), in Yong’an of Liuyang and Jiangyong of Yongzhou in Hunan Province. The results showed that in terms of enzyme activity, except the acid phosphatase activity of CK treatment was significantly higher than that of T1, T2 and T3 treatments in the two test areas, the other enzyme activities of T2 and T3 treatment were significantly higher than those of T1 treatment, which were significantly higher than those of CK treatment; in the combined application, except the urease activity of T2 treatment in Yong’an was the best but there was no significant difference from T3 treatment, the other enzyme activities of T3 treatment were higher than those of T2 treatment, indicating that biochar and cake fertilizer could improve soil enzyme activity; except the phosphatase activity of Jiangyong at 100 d after transplanting (late stage) was higher than that of Yong’an, the other three enzymes’ activities in Yong’an were significantly better than those in Jiangyong, showing the difference of soil texture (the former was red soil, the latter was sandy soil). In terms of the total amount of microorganism, T1 treatment was significantly higher than CK in Yong’an and Jiangyong. In terms of the total amount of bacteria of calcium cyanamide and its combined application with biochar and cake fertilizer, the order was T3>T2>T1>CK, in terms of the total amount of fungi, the order was T1>T3>T2>CK, in terms of the total amount of actinomycetes, the order was T1>T2>T3>CK, indicating that compared with the control, the application of calcium cyanamide could promote the increase of total microbial biomass; however, the combined application of calcium cyanamide with biochar and cake fertilizer could have different effects on the microbial biomass in tobacco planting soil: the application of calcium cyanamide combined with biochar and cake fertilizer could promote the growth of total bacteria, while the application of calcium cyanamide alone is beneficial to the increase of the total amount of fungi and actinomycetes.

  The Change Characteristics of Agroclimatic Resources in Different Climate Zones of Yunnan Li Meng, Huang Wei, Zhou Jianqin, Ma Siyuan, Yang Pengwu 2021, 37 (34):  103-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0561 Abstract + ( 480 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1434KB )   ( 190 ) The climatic elements of Yunnan’s 115 stations and 6 representative stations of different climate zones from 1961 to 2018 are used to analyze the spatial and temporal change characteristics of light energy, thermal energy and water resources in the whole province and in each climate zone. The results suggest that: (1) the change of light energy resources mainly show a decreasing trend, and there are considerable mutations, the change of solar radiation in each climate zone may cause the change of the maximum center and minimum center of Yunnan solar radiation, the obvious increase of radiation since 2009 could lead to new change trends and mutation points of solar radiation; (2) the thermal resources are consistently and significantly increased, the active accumulated temperature and duration of accumulated temperature of cool climate crops and thermophilic crops and the length of frost-free period all increase significantly, there is a trend that the beginning date of frost-free period is advanced while the ending date is postponed, which is beneficial to the growth of crops; (3) water resources generally show a decreasing trend, especially since the beginning of this century, warming and drying are prominent in subtropical zones, and the drought risk is high.

  Allelopathy Potential and Allelochemicals Identification of Fagopyrum tataricum Ma Guangzong, Yang Yunhai, Xu Gaofeng, Yang Shaosong, Zhang Fudou, Shen Shicai, Ye Min 2021, 37 (34):  112-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0785 Abstract + ( 363 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1828KB )   ( 585 ) To explore the allelopathy of aqueous extracts from tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) and its related chemical components, the allelopathic effects of different organic phase extracts from tartary buckwheat plant aqueous extract on seed germination and seedling growth of two noxious farming weeds (Digitaria sanguinalis and Bidens pilosa) were examined by bioassay, and the chemical components of petroleum ether phase and ethyl acetate phase extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that three organic phase extracts (petroleum ether phase, ethyl acetate phase and N-butanol phase) of tartary buckwheat had certain inhibitory effects on the seed germination and seedling growth of D. sanguinalis and B. pilosa. The ethyl acetate phase had the strongest inhibition that the allelopathic response index of two weeds was -1.00 (the suppression rate was 100.0%) at a concentration of 2.00 mg/mL, followed by petroleum ether phase, and the least inhibited was N-butanol phase. Overall, the inhibitory effects of the three organic phase extracts on D. sanguinalis were greater than those on B. pilosa, and the suppressed rate of root length was greater than that of stem length. A total of 41 chemical components with a content higher than 0.5% were identified in petroleum ether phase and ethyl acetate phase extracts of tartary buckwheat, of which, the main component in petroleum ether phase was 4-ethylphenol (accounting for 26.8% of the total content), and the main component in ethyl acetate phase was 2-Isopropyl-5-methyl-1-hexanol (accounting for 20.7% of total content). Our results initially confirm that tartary buckwheat has certain allelopathic effect on farmland weeds and contains some chemical components with bioactivity, but the bioactivity characteristics and mechanism of these chemical components need to be further studied.

  The Occurrence Regularity of Spodoptera exigua and S. litura in the Vegetable Areas of Kunming Zhang Hongmei, Xu Xingcai, Wang Yan, Li Xiangyong, Yin Yanqiong, Zhao Xueqing, Liu Ying, Chen Fushou 2021, 37 (34):  121-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0676 Abstract + ( 481 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1351KB )   ( 79 ) From 2016 to 2019, populations of Spodoptera exigua adults and Spodoptera litura adults were monitored by using sex pheromone traps on vegetable areas in Kunming. The results showed that: S. exigua and S. litura were harmful all year round. There were one or two peak periods in the whole year, and the trapped number of S. litura was 7.09 to 14.89 times of that of S. exigua. From 2016 to 2017, the peak of S exigua was from late May to mid-to-late October. In 2018, the peak occurred from May 10 to July 31 and from August 31 to September 10. In 2019, the pest quantity was the lowest, and the peak occurred from late April to late September. In 2016, the peak of S. litura occurred from late May to early October. In 2017, the peak occurred from June 30 to August 31 and from September 30 to November 30. In 2018, the peak occurred from May 10 to July 31 and November. In 2019, the peak occurred from April 30 to September 30 and November. The peak period of S. exigua and S. litura occurred in summer and autumn. This study could provide data reference for the green prevention and control of S. exigua and S. litura in Kunming vegetable areas.

  Fluorescence Quantitative PCR Detection of Fusarium commune from Lotus Wen Huaqiang, Shu Canwei, Zeng Lisha, Zhou Erxun 2021, 37 (34):  127-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0836 Abstract + ( 402 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1641KB )   ( 57 ) To establish a rapid and specific technique for quantitative detection of lotus rhizome rot pathogen Fusarium commune, evaluate the feasibility of this technique for quantitative detection of F. commune, the dynamic monitoring on the number of F. commune in soil and lotus root samples from lotus lake in Dongguan was carried out, so as to provide a basis for the control of the disease. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) technology with SYBR Green I as the fluorescent dye was used to detect the contents of F. commune in lotus plants and underground soil with different disease levels, and the correlation between the content of F. commune and disease level was analyzed. The results showed that the minimal detection limit of qPCR technique was 1 fg/µL, and the minimal detection limit of qPCR technique was 10 pg/µL after the addition of genomic DNA from healthy lotus tissues. The dissolution curve of the qPCR reaction was analyzed, and there was only one peak value of the amplified product, indicating that the DNA product amplified by the qPCR technique was highly specific. There was a positive correlation between the content of F. commune DNA and the degree of disease in infected plants, whereas the content of F. commune in lotus lake soil had a low correlation with the disease levels, however, the number of F. commune in soil increased with the increase of disease level. This qPCR detection system could dynamically mornitor the content of F. commune in the lotus lake soil and infected lotus roots, and thus provides a basis for the effective control of this disease.

  Evaluation of Control Effects of Prochloraz on Black Rot of Pineapple Shen Huifang, Yang Qiyun, Pu Xiaoming, Zhang Jingxin, Sun Dayuan, Lin Wei, Chen Yusheng, Lin Birun, Li Xiaogang 2021, 37 (34):  133-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0795 Abstract + ( 508 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 2058KB )   ( 226 ) The paper aims to evaluate the inhibitive effects of prochloraz on Thielaviopsis paradoxa, optimize the control method of prochloraz on black rot of pineapple and provide a practical technique for disease control. Biological activity of seven fungicides to pathogens was determined by mycelia growth inhibition methods. The effect of prochloraz on the growth of pathogens was observed by light microscope. Pineapple fruit was used as the material to evaluate the control effects of prochloraz at different concentrations and soaking time. According to the test results, the control technology of prochloraz was optimized. At the same time, the influence of prochloraz on the quality of pineapple was determined by detecting the flavor indexes and the residue in treated fruits. The results showed that prochloraz had the strongest inhibitory effect on pathogen, and the EC50 was 0.01 μg/mL. 0.05 μg/mL prochloraz could inhibit the mycelial formation from germ tubes, so the growth and development of the pathogen were seriously inhibited. After soaking in 500 μg/mL prochloraz solution for 1 min, the pineapples fruits were stored at 28℃. The control effect of prochloraz on black rot of pineapple could reach 70% to 75% at 8, 12, and 16 d. After treating with prochloraz for 2 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 4 d, 5 d, the residue of prochloraz was lower than the national residue limit. The contents of soluble solids, total sugar, total acid in pineapple fruits were not significantly different from those in the control fruits after treating with prochloraz for 8, 12, 16 and 20 d, but the contents of vitamin C was higher than that of the control fruits. In conclusion, prochloraz has strong inhibitory effects on Thielaviopsis paradoxa, 500 μg/mL prochloraz soaking fruit for 1 min could effectively control the black rot of pineapple, keep fruit quality and did not affect the safety of agricultural products.

  The Current Situation and Prospect of Jisheng Tea Wu Wenxin, Li Bin, Liu Xiaoyong, Liu Jiali, Li Yonghua 2021, 37 (34):  141-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0698 Abstract + ( 340 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1342KB )   ( 223 ) Jisheng tea is a kind of non-camellia tea, which is made from the branches and leaves of Taxillus sutchuenensis (Lecomte) Danser by tea processing. As a traditional Chinese health tea, it contains many active ingredients such as flavonoids, terpenoids, volatile oil, vitamins and so on, and it also has a number of health care functions such as reducing blood fat, reducing blood pressure and anti-inflammatory, etc. This research mainly summarized the research findings of Jisheng tea on application status, chemical components and pharmacological effects and so on, and provided suggestions for research and development on iterative development and deep processing of Jisheng tea. This research aims to provide a basis for innovation and development of Jisheng tea products.

  Plant Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b Nondestructive Testing System: Research and Development Yang Zhangqing, Li Guoqiang, Zhang Yumin, Su Weibo, Wu Jianzhong, Duan Tiecheng, Qi Lei 2021, 37 (34):  147-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0039 Abstract + ( 405 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1442KB )   ( 92 ) Aiming at the limitations of the transmission spectra for the detection of chlorophyll content at a high concentration, a novel optical detection system using the theory of diffuse reflection was developed. The detection system could show the concentration of chlorophyll a and b in plant leaves in real-time by nondestructive diagnostic technique. In this detection system, the light system was in an enclosed dark room, which adopted the design method of three light sources and three beams incident vertically, the characteristic wavelength of 645 nm and 663 nm were selected as the detection wavelength of Chlorophyll a and b, and the wavelength of 800 nm was the reference wavelength. The light source modulation, high-pass filter amplification and mathematical algorithm were used to eliminate the interference from the external light-source. The stability and repeatability of the detection system were carefully evaluated with a 75% permeable extinction film. The stability with relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤0.39% (n=20) and the repeatability with RSD≤0.59% (n=20) were obtained from this detection system. A total of 344 samples of wheat, corn, and flowers were selected, the correlation of chlorophyll a and b total correlations r between the diffuse reflectance and the conventional Arnon reached a very significant level. The diffuse reflectance could be used to detect glass emerald leaf with the thickness of about 3.0 mm.

  Reference Function of American Agricultural Income Insurance to the High Quality Development of Agricultural Insurance in China Xu Yeying, Yang Juan, Wang Yan, Qian Tingting, Zheng Xiuguo 2021, 37 (34):  153-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0793 Abstract + ( 378 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1126KB )   ( 123 ) Based on an in-depth analysis of the development process of agricultural insurance in the United States and its operating experience of agricultural income insurance, this paper concludes the reference role of the development experience of agricultural insurance in the United States to the development of agricultural insurance in Shanghai and even whole China. In addition, the paper comes up with some suggestions to improve the development of agricultural insurance in China, including: (1) enhancing the construction of laws and regulations on agricultural insurance; (2) paying attention to the regional differences in agricultural insurance demand to meet the needs of different agricultural business entities; (3) increasing publicity efforts, enhancing farmers’ awareness of insurance participation, and increasing the initiative of insurance applicants and so on; (4) strengthening the information platform construction, etc.

  The Development Factors of Pyrus sinkiangensis ‘Korla Xiangli’ Industry Zhang Feng, Jiang Zhiqin, Chen Xiaoguang, Li Shiqiang, He Tianming 2021, 37 (34):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0076 Abstract + ( 640 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1169KB )   ( 103 ) Pyrus sinkiangensis ‘Korla Xiangli’ is one of the characteristic pillar industries of Korla. The study analyzed the current development situation and existing problems of fragrant pear industry and explored the main factors restricting the industry development, aiming to provide a basis for improving the quality and efficiency of the fragrant pear industry. Through a comprehensive analysis of the widely collected industrial development information combined with the current situation of the industry, it is concluded that the main restraining factors of the development of fragrant pear industry are water shortage, single variety, low fruit quality, frequent natural disasters and the increase in production costs. Therefore, some countermeasures and suggestions to improve the quality and efficiency of the fragrant pear industry are put forward, such as accelerating standardized production, promoting brand development, strengthening the construction of scientific and technological capacity, and establishing organized management mode.