Current issue

• 2024 Vol.40 No.19 Published:05 July 2024

  Effects of Topping Methods on Grade Structure, Yield and Quality of ‘Yunshai-1’ Yellow Sun-cured Tobacco ZHEN Anzhong, TANG Xubing, ZHAO Bin, DUAN Kaiwei, LEI Jiazhong, FANG Bao, LI Guangxi, FU Yanyan, LU Yao 2024, 40 (19):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0558 Abstract + ( 160 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1234KB )   ( 94 ) In order to meet the application demand of cigarette industry for yellow sun-cured tobacco materials in flue-cured cigarettes, the best topping method and topping time of yellow sun-cured tobacco in Dehong of Yunnan Province was clarified, and the effects of four topping methods (T1 pinching the top, T2 topping at bud stage, T3 topping at early flowering stage, T4 topping at flowering period) on the agronomic, economic, grade structure and intrinsic chemical quality of ‘Yunshai 1’ yellow sun-cured tobacco were studied. The results showed that the comprehensive performance of T1 treatment was the best, followed by T3 treatment. And the chemical components content of upper and middle tobacco could meet the requirements of high-quality tobacco leaves and the needs of cigarette industry. The chemical quality comprehensive performance of T2 and T3 treatment were better. The nicotine content of upper leaves was over 2% in four treatments, in which T2 treatment was the best, over 2.5%, and T3 treatment was nearly 2.5%. The nicotine content of middle leaves was more than 2.4%, and that of T2 and T3 treatments were close to 3%. So it is suggested that the best method for yellow sun-cured tobacco in Dehong is to top at early flowering stage, followed by topping at bud stage. The best time for topping is in mid-to-late March, or about 110 days after transplanting.

  Effects of Intercropping of Flue-cured Tobacco and Aromatic Plants on Growth, Development, Yield and Quality of Tobacco Plants ZHANG Xi, LIANG Zengfa, LUO Qiang, CAI Zhengxue, LI Huaiyuan 2024, 40 (19):  7-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0571 Abstract + ( 103 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1201KB )   ( 133 ) In order to explore the effect of intercropping of flue-cured tobacco and aromatic plants on the growth, development, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, field experiments were carried out to study the intercropping of flue-cured tobacco with lily, chrysanthemum, citronella and purple jasmine. The results showed that the effect of aromatic plant intercropping on plant height, stem circumference and pitch of flue-cured tobacco was not obvious, but the leaf area of different parts of flue-cured tobacco decreased to a certain extent. Intercropping with lily and chrysanthemum could increase nicotine and potassium content of flue-cured tobacco in middle leaf, and reduce sugar content at the same time. Nitrogen-alkali ratio and sugar-alkali ratio of upper and middle leaves were closer to the standard range of high quality tobacco leaves. The intercropping of flue-cured tobacco and aromatic plants mainly had significant effects on the aroma quality, irritation and strength of flue-cured tobacco, among which the treatment of lily and citronella intercropped with flue-cured tobacco had the most significant improvement on the sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco. Flue-cured tobacco intercropping with lily had the most significant effect on flue-cured tobacco yield, output value, average price, the proportion of high-grade tobacco and the proportion of middle leaves. In general, the intercropping of flue-cured tobacco with lily has the best effect on the growth, development, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.

  Discriminant Analysis of Camellia oleifera Varieties Based on Leaves Phenotype and Mineral Elements Content Characteristics CAO Yongqing, WANG Kailiang, WANG Sheping, YAO Xiaohua, CHEN Xinjian 2024, 40 (19):  12-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0555 Abstract + ( 93 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1246KB )   ( 11 ) A total of 28 Camellia oleifera varieties from ‘Changlin’, ‘Xianglin’ and ‘Ganlin’ series were selected to analyze leaves phenotype and mineral elements content, and their effect in varieties discriminant analysis was discussed. The results showed that rich variations were found in leaves phenotype and mineral elements content. And the leaf area showed the highest C.V. which was 18.66%. The C.V. of leaf shape coefficient and shape factor were the lowest, and they were 1.68% and 3.64%, respectively. The nitrogen content in leaf was the highest, followed by calcium, potassium and aluminium. The content of magnesium, manganese, sulphur and phosphorus were relative low. The C.V. of manganese content was the highest which was 123.72%. The C.V. of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium content were between 13.34% and 17.71%. And the nitrogen, sulphur and aluminium content showed the lowest C.V. which were between 6.77% and 9.20%. A significant difference was found among varieties in leaves phenotype and mineral elements content. And the discriminant analysis based on leaves phenotype and mineral elements content realized an accurate discrimination of 28 varieties. This research provides references for further varieties identification and analysis in Camellia oleifera in the future.

  Investigation of Clonal Seedlings of Idesia polycarpa ‘Exuan 1’ Through Tissue Culture DUN Chunyao, LI Shuanglong, WU Daikun, LI Chunlin, HU Jun’en, WU Jiagang 2024, 40 (19):  19-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0574 Abstract + ( 91 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1390KB )   ( 10 ) This study aims to investigate the early performance characteristics of asexual lines derived from tissue culture, preliminarily establish the uniformity of these lines, and explore early evaluation methods for the selection of superior Idesia polycarpa varieties. Two-year-old I. polycarpa ‘Exuan 1’ tissue culture asexual saplings were selected as the research subjects. The study involved an analysis of various parameters, including sapling height, ground diameter, number of branches, height under the branch, crown width, branch length and angle, and the angle between branches. A phenotypic evaluation of the above-ground vegetative organs was conducted. The results showed that the average ground diameter of the two-year-old I. polycarpa ‘Exuan 1’ tissue culture asexual saplings was 18.40 cm, with an average height of 128.5 cm, and an average height under the branch of 71.67 cm. The number of branches was consistently five, and as the position of the branches rose, the average length of the branches tended to decrease, following a Logistic model. The branching angles were relatively consistent, averaging 52.83°. The angle between vertically adjacent branches remained relatively stable, averaging 142.19°, and the angle between horizontally adjacent branches was also consistent, averaging 72°. These findings indicate that the I. polycarpa ‘Exuan 1’ tissue culture asexual saplings demonstrate good uniformity.

  Analysis and Evaluation of Germplasm Phenotypic Diversity of Erythropalum scandens in Four Regions of China MA Daocheng, WEI Shengzhu, YANG Youxing, YI Biao, PANG Yanping, MO Yiting, WANG Linghui 2024, 40 (19):  24-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0601 Abstract + ( 100 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1318KB )   ( 36 ) In order to screen out the germplasm types of Erythropalum scandens with strong growth in branches and leaves and excellent characters, this study marked 8 leaf traits and 4 branch traits of 10 germplasm types of E. scandens from Yunnan, Hainan, Guangxi and Guizhou, and explored the phenotypic characteristics and genetic diversity of each germplasm. Finally, systematic cluster analysis was carried out. The results showed as follows. (1) The differences of leaf and branch traits among the germplasm of E. scandens were branch traits> leaf traits, and the variation ranges of leaf and branch were 3.44%-24.15% and 58.33%-108.93%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference between some leaf and branch traits, and the variation degree of traits within the same germplasm was higher than that between different germplasm types. (2) Correlation analysis among traits showed that the correlation between branch traits and leaf traits was close, and most of the indicators were significant or extremely significant, but the correlation between petiole length and leaf thickness and other indicators was not significant. There was a strong correlation between the growth and development of leaves and branches, and the lengthening and thickening of branches were almost synchronized. (3) The 10 germplasm of E. scandens could be divided into 3 groups by systematic clustering. Among them, the germplasm of Yunnan and Guizhou were grouped into the same subgroup due to their close geographical location. (4) The results of fuzzy membership function analysis showed that the comprehensive scores of all kinds of germplasm were: Yunnan 5> Yunnan1> Yunnan2> Ledong Hainan> Yunnan3> Libo Guizhou> Yunnan4> Anlong Guizhou> pseudo E. scandens> E. scandens with red buds. Among them, Yunnan 5 showed the best performance, with large leaves and vigorous branch growth, which was suitable for introduction to Nanning City for cultivation and promotion, followed by Yunnan 1 and Yunnan 2. Pseudo E. scandens and E. scandens with red buds are rare plants with few leaves and slow growth of branches, which still need to be further collected and studied.

  Effects of Potato Onion Accompaniment on Fruit Quality and Rhizosphere Soil Nutrients of Tomato WU Penghui, KONG Lingjie, LANG Yishan, ZHAO Haimeng, ZHOU Haonan, JIANG Haonan, WU Xia 2024, 40 (19):  33-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0449 Abstract + ( 102 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1213KB )   ( 88 ) The paper aims to investigate the effects of potato onion on tomato fruit quality and soil nutrients. Using ‘Dongnong 708’ tomato as the experimental material, a pot experiment was conducted, with two treatments of monoculture tomato and potato onion associated tomato. Rhizosphere soil samples at 20, 30, 40 and 100 days after sowing were collected, and the quality of the first and second ear fruits of tomatoes after fruit ripening was analyzed. The results showed that the content of vitamin C, soluble sugar, sugar acid ratio, soluble protein, and lycopene in the accompanying tomato fruits of potato onions was significantly higher than that of monoculture tomatoes. The titratable acid content of tomato fruits was significantly lower than that of monoculture tomatoes, and the nutritional quality of the first ear fruit was better than that of the second ear fruit, while the taste quality of the second ear fruit was also better than that of the first ear fruit. The pH, EC, available phosphorus, available potassium, acid hydrolyzed phosphorus, acid hydrolyzed nitrogen, and organic matter concentration in the rhizosphere soil of tomato associated with potato onion were significantly higher than those of monoculture treatment, while the content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen was significantly lower than that of monoculture treatment. In summary, potato onions can increase the activity of soil nutrients, promote nutrient absorption by tomatoes, providing sufficient nutrient foundation for tomato growth, and thus improve tomato quality.

  Comparison of Agronomic Characters of White Celery in Autumn-Winter in Suqian Area of Jiangsu WU Xiaoxue, CHEN Chen, WANG Lixiang, ZENG Xiaoping, LIU Peizhuo, WANG Yahui, LIU Yanhua, JIA Haifeng, SHU Sheng, XIONG Aisheng 2024, 40 (19):  40-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0578 Abstract + ( 106 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1400KB )   ( 14 ) In order to solve the problem that celery production is dominated by green celery with relatively single variety in Suqian, Jiangsu Province, 29 white celery cultivars planted in Yanghe New District, Suqian City, Jiangsu Province in autumn 2022 were used as experimental materials to compare main agronomic traits. The differences, correlations, principal components and clustering analyses were conducted on 8 major agronomic traits. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of 8 agronomic traits of white celery was 9.390%-71.610%. The coefficients of variation of single plant quality, plant height, petiole length, petiole thickness and petiole number were greater than 20%, indicating that the traits of different white celery cultivars varied greatly. The correlation analysis results showed that except petiole number was negatively correlated with petiole width and petiole thickness, there was a positive correlation between other traits, and the quality of single plant was significantly positive correlated with other traits. The principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first two principal components was 77.005%. Through cluster analysis, 29 cultivars of white celery germplasm resources could be divided into 3 taxa at 7.5 genetic distances.

  Study on Storability of Small Fruit Watermelon JIANG Jiao, DONG Shuai, JIA Wenhong, JIN Kaiye, YU Qi, PAN Lin, LI Chan, ZHANG Yang, CUI Guanglu, LU Jinsheng, HA Xuejiao 2024, 40 (19):  47-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0689 Abstract + ( 85 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1175KB )   ( 34 ) In this paper, the changes of weight, peel thickness, hardness, soluble solid content in center and edge and vitamin C content of small red flesh watermelon ‘L600’ and ‘Jingying’ cultivated in Beijing area with the extension of storage time were studied to analyze the suitable storage period of different varieties. The results showed that when stored at room temperature 26℃, the storage time of ‘L600’ watermelon with hard and crisp fruit was about 15 d longer than that of ‘Jingying’ watermelon with crisp fruit. After 45 d of storage, the soluble solid content of ‘L600’ fruit decreased more, but the content was higher than that of ‘Jingying’ fruit. During the whole storage period, the average Vc content and peel hardness of ‘L600’ were higher than that of ‘Jingying’.

  Effects of Drought Stress on Physiological Characteristics of Seedlings of Six Kinds of Elaeagnus moorcroftii WANG Dan, LUO Qinghong, ZHANG Ping, LU Penghao, WANG Baoqing 2024, 40 (19):  52-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0615 Abstract + ( 104 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1432KB )   ( 16 ) In this paper, the physiological responses of different varieties to drought stress were compared and analyzed, and the varieties with strong drought resistance were selected, providing scientific basis for the promotion and planting of fine varieties in arid areas. In this study, the one-year-old cuttings of 6 excellent varieties of Elaeagnus moorcroftii were taken as the research materials, through the soil rehydration treatment after continuous drought, the differences of water physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of 6 excellent varieties of E. moorcroftii seedlings were compared by one-way ANOVA, and the membership function was comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the relative water content of leaves (RWC), shoot water potential (PW), maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual light conversion efficiency [Y(Ⅱ)] and photosynthetic electron transfer rate (ETR) of 6 excellent varieties of E. moorcroftii decreased gradually with the extension of drought duration, and all indexes increased gradually after rehydration. Leaf water saturation deficit (RWD) and initial fluorescence (F0) increased gradually with the extension of drought stress time, and decreased after rehydration. The drought-resistant ability of the seedlings from strong to weak was ‘Jinsha’> ‘Bachu No.1’> ‘Yafeng’> ‘Cele Rhubarb’> ‘Baisha Tian’> ‘Maigeti No.3’. From July to August, when the temperature is high and the seedling growth is strong, the irrigation cycle of each variety is suggested to be ‘Maigeti 3’ and ‘Baishatian’ for 15 d, ‘Bachu 1’, ‘Yafeng’ and ‘Cele Rhubarb’ for 20 d, and ‘Jinsha’ for 25 d.

  Comparison of Ecological Planting Patterns of Honeysuckle Flower in Gansu Province CUI Tongxia, YAO Youxu, LI Huaide, ZHANG Yan, LUO Baoping, WANG Weiwei, DU Tao 2024, 40 (19):  59-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0863 Abstract + ( 86 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1537KB )   ( 30 ) In order to improve the planting efficiency and explore the ecological planting pattern of honeysuckle flower in Gansu Province, we intercropped different cash crops in the early growth stage of honeysuckle, which were honeysuckle+ spring onion (T1), honeysuckle+ cauliflower (T2), honeysuckle+ soybean (T3), honeysuckle+ ‘Shanghaiqing’(T4), honeysuckle+ potato (T5) and honeysuckle+ non-intercropping (T6). By measuring the growth and development index of honeysuckle, soil water and heat, and the yield of honeysuckle and intercropping crops, we analyzed and compared the effects of ecological planting patterns on yield and economic benefit of honeysuckle in Gansu Province. The results showed that the survival rate of ‘Beihua 1’ in Gansu Province was higher, the average was over 94.44%, and the number of new shoot was between 7.81 and 9.19 in the same year, the length of new shoot was 3.39-5.83 cm, which grew well; the benefit of honeysuckle was low in the early stage of planting, with no yield in the same year. The average yield was 0.81 kg/10.8 m2 in the second year, and the average total output value was 16.21 yuan/10.8 m2. After interplanting, the yield of honeysuckle was increased significantly under T3 treatment, the yield was1.45 kg/10.8 m2, which was 158.93% higher than that of non interplanting; the economic benefit of T4 treatment was the best, the total yield of interplanting crops was 38.36 kg/10.8 m2, the economic benefits was 153.44 yuan/10.8 m2. Therefore, intercropping different cash crop in early stage of honeysuckle can significantly improve its economic benefits and land use efficiency. Honeysuckle+ ‘Shanghaiqing’ is a suitable ecological planting method for honeysuckle cultivation in Gansu Province.

  Research on Cutting Technology of Four New Melestoma Varieties LIU Xiaozhou, LIU Shihan, FANG Bijun, LIANG Jian, ZHUO Dinglong, ZHOU Renchao, TAN Guangwen 2024, 40 (19):  65-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0187 Abstract + ( 97 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1247KB )   ( 12 ) The current year shoots of four new Melestoma varieties, namely ‘Ziqi’, ‘Zishu’, ‘Nishang’ and ‘Jiyue’, were used as materials, three kinds of cutting substrates were set up, and three plant growth regulators were set at three concentrations for the card cuttings experiments, and the rooting time of different treatments, as well as the rooting rate, the number of roots, and the average root length of the cuttings 30 d after the cutting were recorded. The results showed that different cutting substrates and growth regulators had significant effects on the rooting rate, number of roots and average root length of the four new Melestoma varieties, which had the earliest rooting onset and better rooting effect in peat soil; the rooting rate was highest in the ABT 500 mg/L, ABT 500 mg/L, ABT 500 mg/L and ABT 1000 mg/L treatments respectively; the number of roots was highest in the NAA 2000 mg/L, NAA 500 mg/L, IBA 1000 mg/L and NAA 1000 mg/L treatments respectively; and the average root length was longest in the ABT 1000 mg/L, ABT 500 mg/L, ABT 500/1000 mg/L and ABT 500 mg/L treatments respectively. Taking together, the optimal cultivation substrate for the four new Melestoma cultivars was peat soil, and the optimal growth regulator treatments applied to them were ABT 500 mg/L, ABT 500 mg/L, ABT 500 mg/L and ABT 1000 mg/L, respectively. These findings not only provide an important technical reference for the cutting propagation of new and excellent Melestoma varieties, but also have a positive role in promoting its large-scale production and application. It is of great significance to optimize the propagation technology of Melestoma and promote its cultivation and application.

  Comprehensive Assessment of Soil Fertility in Dingqing County of Tibet Based on Fuzzy Mathematics DAI Xun 2024, 40 (19):  70-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0504 Abstract + ( 90 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1350KB )   ( 39 ) To evaluate soil single factor and comprehensive fertility through mathematical method, eight indicators including pH, total nitrogen, total potassium, total phosphorus, alkali hydrolysed nitrogen and available potassium were selected as evaluation criteria. Descriptive statistical method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model were used to analyze and evaluate single-factor and comprehensive fertility indicators respectively. The results showed that the soil in the study area was mainly alkaline or strongly alkaline, with a mean pH of 7.78 and a coefficient of variation of 6.56%, indicating relatively high stability of soil acidity and alkalinity. Soil nitrogen and available potassium were relatively high, but total potassium, total phosphorus and available phosphorus were relatively low, and the total organic matter content was moderate. Through the evaluation model, it was found that organic matter had the greatest effect on total fertility, while available potassium had the least effect on total fertility. In addition, the distribution of soil comprehensive fertility levels was relatively scattered, with first and second class land accounting for 24.49%, third class land accounting for 26.02%, and poor fourth and fifth class land accounting for 49.49%. In conclusion, the results of this study could provide useful reference for local agricultural production and soil management. Based on the single-factor level of soil nutrients and the comprehensive level of fertility, fertilization plans and crop management measures could be formulated. Future research should consider more factors and indicators, further improve the soil fertility evaluation model, and improve the accuracy and reliability of the evaluation.

  Effects of Manure Replacing Part of Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Nutrients and Potato Tuber Quality DING Yuping, MA Tao, YANG Yongsen, LIU Jili, ZHE Yongqing, WU Na 2024, 40 (19):  76-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0598 Abstract + ( 106 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1378KB )   ( 18 ) To clarify the effect of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers on soil and potato, explore the impact on soil nutrient content, soil enzyme activity and quality of potato, and propose a suitable organic substitution ratio, so as to provide scientific basis for the promotion of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers. In Xiji County, Guyuan City of Ningxia in 2022, five treatments, CK (single fertilizer), T1 (organic alternative fertilizer 20%), T2 (organic alternative chemical fertilizer 40%), T3 (organic alternative chemical fertilizer 60%) and T4 (single application of organic fertilizer), were set up to analyze the relationship between soil nutrient content, soil enzyme activity and quality of potato using the ‘Qingshu 9’ potato variety as the test material. The results showed that (1) compared with CK and T4, the contents of alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of other treatments were increased to varying degrees, and the effect of increasing the content of available potassium was the most significant, increasing by 13.86%-37.74% and 2.55%-42.10%, respectively. (2) The soil enzyme activity of soil depth of 0-20 cm was slightly higher than that of 20-40 cm, and compared with CK and T4, the soil enzyme activity of organic fertilizer of other treatments was improved, and the index of alkaline phosphatase activity was the highest, compared with CK, 0-20 and 20-40 cm increased by 3.74%-56.11%, 2.02%-55.90%, respectively; compared with T4 treatment, it increased by 7.57%-64.94% and 8.56%-50.57%. (3) Compared with CK and T4 treatment, organic fertilizer replacing partial chemical fertilizer treatments improved the quality content of potato tubers. (4) Correlation analysis showed that soil enzyme activity was positively correlated with soil nutrient content, and the increase of soil nutrient content promoted the improvement of enzyme activity. The stepwise linear regression equations of soil nutrient content, enzyme activity and potato quality showed that alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, urease, alkaline phosphatase and 20-40 cm catalase activities could be explained by the correlation with potato quality. The replacement of partial chemical fertilizers by organic fertilizer could increase soil nutrient content, enhance soil enzyme activity and improve potato quality, among which the replacement of 40% chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer had the most significant effect.

  Effects of Soil Amendments on Soil Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus and Their Ecological Stoichiometry Ratios in Orchards ZHANG Fengchuan, WANG Pu, LU Yijun, XU Hong, ZHANG Wenjun, HUANG Chenxiang, LU Xingrong 2024, 40 (19):  86-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0536 Abstract + ( 87 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1648KB )   ( 20 ) To analyze the soil nutrients and the stoichiometric characteristics of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm layers in replanted and no replanted orchards, control (CK), biological fertilizer (F), soil conditioner (M) and combination application (FM) were set up in this study. The results showed that compared with the value before improvement, the contents of soil TC, OC, TN, NO3--N -N, TP and AP were increased, while the contents of soil NH4+-N was decreased under the CK, F, M and FM treatments in the replanted and no replanted orchards. Compared with CK, F treatment significantly increased the contents of soil TC and NO3--N in 0-20 cm in the replanted orchard, and significantly increased the contents of soil TC, OC, TN and NO3--N in 0-20 cm and soil TP and AP in 0-60 cm in no replanted orchard. The distribution ranged of C:N, C:P, N:P were 14.21-17.97, 94.50-120.40, 5.60-7.68 in the replanted orchard and were 13.69-17.78, 65.49-107.06, 4.39-7.02 in no replanted orchard, respectively. Soil C:N was significantly decreased in the 0-20 cm by CK and F treatments in the replanted and no replanted orchard. Compared with CK, soil C:P and N:P were significantly decreased in the F, M and FM treatments caused by higher TP in no replanted orchard. Taking soil quality and improvement effect into consideration, the application of 1500 kg/hm2 bio-fertilizer only had the best soil improvement effect on the soil nutrients in the replanted and no replanted orchards, indicating that bio-fertilizer had a lot of application potential in the soil improvement of replanted orchards and new orchards, but it was not recommended to apply soil conditioner and bio-fertilizer together.

  Difference Characteristics of Cadmium Uptake and Accumulation of 25 Spinach Varieties ZHAO Ouya, WANG Xueqing, LIU Lei, XIAO Guangmin, SUN Shiyou, HOU Limin, WANG Ce, WANG Ling, RU Shuhua 2024, 40 (19):  94-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0609 Abstract + ( 72 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1317KB )   ( 147 ) In order to screen the low Cd accumulation spinach varieties which are suitable for safe production of vegetables in cadmium contaminated vegetable fields, the soil culture experiment was conducted in this study, the differences of Cd uptake and accumulation in 25 spinach cultivars and the effects of Cd stress on micronutrient uptake in spinach were studied. The results showed that there were significant differences in Cd content and Cd enrichment coefficient (P<0.05) in the aboveground parts of different spinach cultivars when the same Cd content (1.0, 5.0 mg/kg) was added to the soil. When the Cd content in soil was 1.0 mg/kg, the Cd content in 11 spinach varieties was more than 0.2 mg/kg, and the Cd content in aboveground parts of different spinach varieties ranged from 0.03 to 0.31 mg/kg, with an average content of 0.17 mg/kg, the enrichment coefficients of 25 spinach varieties ranged from 0.03 to 0.38. When the Cd content in soil was 5.0 mg/kg, the Cd content in aboveground parts of different spinach varieties ranged from 0.22 mg/kg to 1.11 mg/kg, the enrichment coefficients range from 0.04 to 0.22. Cd stress promoted the absorption of Mn, Zn and Cu by spinach, and inhibited the absorption of Fe by spinach. The spinach varieties of ‘Jingbo 186’, ‘Qiuxi’, ‘Juyuanba’ and ‘Dingyou’ were identified as low cadmium uptake and accumulation varieties.

  Effects of Organic Fertilizer from Aquaculture Solid Waste on Soil Fertility and Vegetable Quality DING Lan, XU Shengnan, ZHOU Dan, LIU Mei, LI Wanqi, ZOU Songbao 2024, 40 (19):  102-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0616 Abstract + ( 83 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2175KB )   ( 33 ) To explore the effects of organic fertilizer derived from aquaculture solid waste on soil fertility and vegetable quality, two control and four treatment groups were established for the field experiment in this study, including control group CK1 (no fertilizer + pepper), control group CK2 (no fertilizer + tomato), treatment group T1 (fish manure organic fertilizer + pepper), treatment group T2 (chicken manure organic fertilizer + pepper), treatment group T3 (fish manure organic fertilizer + tomato), and treatment group T4 (chicken manure organic fertilizer + tomato). The effects of fish manure organic fertilizer on soil fertility, growth and the quality of pepper and tomato plants were investigated. The results showed that compared with the control group, fish manure organic fertilizer significantly improved the level of beneficial soil microorganisms. Fish manure organic fertilizer was also demonstrated to improve soil quality indicators such as total soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and soil porosity, which led to increase soil fertility, superior soil composition, and better growth of pepper and tomato plants. In addition, the vitamin C content of the vegetables in the fish manure treatment group increased by 11.9%-24.0% on average, and the soluble sugar content increased by 8.1%-16.7%, which represented significant improvement in the quality and nutritional value of the vegetables. However, commercially available chicken manure organic fertilizer still performed better than fish manure organic fertilizer in several metrics. Future research should aim to further improve the nutrient ratios in fish manure organic fertilizer, especially to increase the fast-acting potassium content.

  Analysis of Acidification Trend and Control Factors in Main Tea Gardens of Hangzhou WANG Jingwen, LI Dan, YUAN Hangjie, YANG Wenye, ZHANG Qichun 2024, 40 (19):  109-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0611 Abstract + ( 86 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1284KB )   ( 36 ) Soil acidification has become an important factor restricting the development of tea industry. To promote the sustainable development of tea gardens in Hangzhou, 30 permanent and fixed monitoring sites were set up in tea gardens in Hangzhou. The present situation of soil acidification, acidification rate and their relationship with acid rain and soil characteristics were analyzed by observing and monitoring soil acidification for 8 consecutive years. The results showed that 90.0% of the tea gardens were facing serious problems of soil acidification, and 50.0% of them were seriously acidified with pH<4.0. Compared with the baseline monitoring data in 2015, the soil pH of 29 tea gardens decreased to varying degrees, and that of only 1 tea garden increased. The average rate of soil acidification in representative tea gardens had decreased by 0.022 units per year. The degree of soil acidification in tea garden is not only related to the intensity of acid rain and soil formation conditions, but also to the rate of pH decline, which is significantly negatively related to organic matter, ionizing exchange capacity and total exchangeable base.

  Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts from Stellera chamaejasme Against Three Vegetable Pathogenic Fungi SUN Jing, CHENG Lixin, LI Yunhua, YUE Linfang, LIU Fang, PANG Yajuan 2024, 40 (19):  115-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0530 Abstract + ( 95 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2174KB )   ( 16 ) To develop botanical fungicide that can inhibit vegetable pathogens in protected cultivation, anhydrous ethanol extracts of Stellera chamaejasme with different concentration gradients were used to study the inhibitory activity of Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Gibellulopsis nigrescens by mycelial growth rate method, and the virulence was analyzed. The results showed that different concentrations of S. chamaejasme extracts had different degrees of inhibitory effect on three vegetable pathogens, and the inhibitory effect was enhanced with the increase of extract concentration. When the concentration of the extract were 8 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL, the inhibition rate of R. solani and F. oxysporum could reach more than 50%, and when the concentration of the extract was 15 mg/mL, the inhibition rate was the highest, which was 87.38% and 92.84%, respectively. Only when the concentration of the extract reached 20 mg/mL, the inhibition rate of the extract against G. nigrescens could reach over 50% (59.09%). The EC50 values of effective medium concentration were as follows: G. nigrescens (15.64 mg/mL)> F. oxysporum (9.08 mg/mL)> R. solani (5.62 mg/mL). Therefore, the good antibacterial effect of extracts of S. chamaejasme is proven on all the three pathogenic fungi tested, among which the inhibitory effect on R. solani is the strongest, and that on G. nigrescens is the weakest.

  Detection and Survival Time of Erwinia amylovora in Mature Korla Fragrant Pear ZHAO Zhiqiang, WEI Ran, GUO Qingyuan 2024, 40 (19):  120-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0599 Abstract + ( 84 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1302KB )   ( 264 ) To determine whether the Erwinia amylovora was on the mature pear and its survival time, mature fruits from different pear orchards in Korla region were collected. Through the quantitative detection method of living bacteria, the dynamic detection of E. amylovora on the stored pear was carried out, and the pathogenicity of the strains isolated from Zeller selective medium was determined. The survival time of E. amylovora in different parts of pear was as follows: surface (133 d)> calyx (83 d) / stalkhole (83 d)> peduncle (63 d). The viable cells of E. amylovora detection rates of different parts were as follows: fruit surface (6.88%)> calyx (3.75%)> stalkhole (2.19%)> peduncle (1.57%), and the isolated strains of E. amylovora had pathogenicity. In summary, strengthening the quarantine of Korla fragrant pear is an important method to prevent the disease from spreading across regions, and the results provide a theoretical basis for the risk assessment of pear as the vector of E. amylovora.

  Comparison of Three Detection Methods for Botryosphaeria dothidea WANG Li, HOU Hui, TU Hongtao, HUANG Tianxiang, LIU Youliang, YUAN Hongbo 2024, 40 (19):  126-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0470 Abstract + ( 95 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 2044KB )   ( 301 ) Being able to rapidly and reliably detect Botryosphaeria dothidea will enable better disease monitoring and control efforts. In the present study, we developed conventional PCR, nested PCR, and LAMP assays in order to specifically differentiate between B. dothidea and other fungal species. Then, the sensitivity of the three detection methods was compared and analyzed. Finally, these assays were used to detect diseased samples collected from fields. The results showed that the conventional PCR, nested PCR and LAMP assays were able to detect and diagnose fruit diseases caused by B. dothidea. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the detection limit for conventional PCR assay was 10-1 ng/μL of B. dothidea DNA, whereas the nested PCR assay had a 10-4 ng/μL detection limit, and the LAMP assay was sensitive to as little as 10-5 ng/μL of fungal DNA. The nested PCR and LAMP assays can be reliably utilized to diagnose fruit diseased samples from field caused by B. dothidea. The positive rates of the LAMP detection, nested PCR, conventional PCR and traditional identification method were 65.0%, 62.5%, 58.8% and 27.5% respectively.

  Research Progress on Comprehensive Prevention and Control Techniques of Mulberry Fruit Sclerotiniosis LAN Bo, XIAO Sujun, HU Ming, KUANG Hongmin, ZHANG Lu, XIAO Hongyong, CHEN Hongfan, YANG Yingqing, YIN Changfa 2024, 40 (19):  133-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0590 Abstract + ( 97 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1784KB )   ( 10 ) In this paper, the pathogen and symptoms of mulberry fruit sclerotiniosis were introduced, and the epidemic regularity of mulberry fruit sclerotiniosis was expounded from the aspects of occurrence condition, infection process and epidemic regularity. The causes of mulberry fruit sclerotiniosis were analyzed from the aspects of disease resistance, fungus source accumulation, climate conditions and cultivation management. The agricultural control measures of mulberry fruit sclerotiniosis were introduced from the aspects of selection of resistant varieties, field management and elimination of mycelium origin. The control effects of different chemical pesticides on mulberry fruit sclerotiniosis and their residues were introduced. The control of mulberry fruit sclerotiniosis should be based on the agricultural control measures such as selecting disease-resistant varieties, scientific cultivation and removing the source of fungi in time, the integrated control model with biological control as main and chemical control as auxiliary can not only control the development of the disease, but also meet the needs of people for green food.

  Laboratory Toxicity Test of 10 Fungicides Against Pathogens of Stem Rot of Iris germanica DONG Wenzhi, XU Feng, JIANG Yalian, YANG Xiumei, TANG Dongsheng, ZHANG Yiping 2024, 40 (19):  142-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0448 Abstract + ( 98 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 2068KB )   ( 21 ) The aim of this study was to screen suitable fungicides for control of Iris germanica stem rot. The control effect of 10 fungicides, such as Liangdun, Oxaline and Ruizi, on pathogens of iris stem rot, Fusarium equiseti and F. oxysporum, were tested. The laboratory test showed that 10 kinds of fungicides had different degrees of inhibition on the growth of the mycelium of the pathogen of I. germanica stem rot. Bacillus amylolyticus had the best inhibition effect. The four kinds of fungicides had good inhibitory effect, which were fludioxonil- metalaxyl- M, hymexazol, pyraclostrobin- thiophanate- methyl, mandipropamid- chlorothalonil, and their EC50 against F. equisepis were 1.809, 61.210, 55.570, 17.408 mg/L respectively. The EC50 against F. oxysporum were 141.9, 13.572, 39.186, 71.251 mg/L respectively.

  Discussion on Application of ChatGPT in Agricultural Research and Development HUANG Yi, MI Guohua 2024, 40 (19):  149-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0629 Abstract + ( 104 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1303KB )   ( 65 ) Agriculture is an important industry that sustains human survival and development. With the continuous increase in global population, the agricultural sector urgently needs to adopt emerging technologies to enhance agricultural productivity. ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer), as a groundbreaking artificial intelligence technology, holds undeniable application value in the agricultural domain. This article analyzed the potential applications of ChatGPT in crop cultivation management, livestock production management, agricultural product market promotion, agricultural education, and technological development exploration. It also identified associated limitations and proposed corresponding strategies to provide insights for decision-makers and practitioners in the agricultural production, research, and development fields.

  Analysis of Research Situation of Cereal Cyst Nematode Based on CiteSpace LI Binni, WANG Pengfei, DONG Xiuli, LAI Beibei, ZHAO Mengli, XU Qiufang, QIU Wei 2024, 40 (19):  154-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0075 Abstract + ( 101 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 3136KB )   ( 11 ) Cereal cyst nematode (CCN) is a kind of plant parasitic nematode which seriously affects wheat yield. It is widely distributed in the main wheat producing areas of China and endangers food security. In order to understand the research and development status of grain cyst nematode, using the bibliometric analysis software CiteSpace, the literature in this field in CNKI and Web of Science databases from 1993 to 2022 is visually analyzed according to the country, institution, author and keywords. From 1993 to 2010, China was in the early stage of development in the field of CCN research, and the number of Chinese literature publications was lower than that of English. Since 2011, the research results on CCN in China have gradually increased, and the number of Chinese literature publications has sharply increased. The analysis of national cooperation networks and research heat maps shows that from 2016 to 2022, China’s research achievements in this field had continued to increase in the number of publications in international journals, and have made outstanding contributions to this field with the highest total number of publications. Through the study of subject power analysis, it is concluded that there is multi-party cooperation among researchers in various countries, but there is no stable core group of authors in the field of CCN research. The development trend and cluster analysis of keywords in this field indicate that the research frontier of CCN has developed from the occurrence, identification, harm and control in the past to the current direction of mining excellent resistance genes and developing efficient biocontrol agents. The molecular mechanism of interaction between CCN and host plants and soil microorganisms has become a research focus in this field. In the future, it is necessary to further explore the molecular mechanism of the interaction between Heterodera avenae and host plants and soil microorganisms, especially the signal transduction pathway of nematode chemotaxis, to find a commercial and efficient fungicide.