Current issue

• 2025 Vol.41 No.1 Published:05 January 2025

  Research Progress on Winter Wheat Growth Period Recognition Methods WANG Miaomiao, WANG Beibei, LI Mingfang, ZHANG Zhihong, YAN Xue 2025, 41 (1):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0752 Abstract + ( 90 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2006KB )   ( 33 ) China is a major agricultural country. With the rapid development of agricultural science and technology, agriculture has entered a new stage of development with high yield, high quality, and high efficiency. Achieving automation and intelligent observation of crop growth period recognition is a crucial part of agricultural modernization. This paper introduced the current research status of crop growth period recognition and presented two methods for automatic observation and identification of winter wheat growth period, one based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the other based on deep learning. Using winter wheat in Henan as an example, the results of automatic observation and identification from both methods were compared with manual observations. The results validated the feasibility and effectiveness of both identification methods, showing high accuracy and efficiency, thereby improving measurement efficiency and reliability. In terms of identification accuracy, the two methods had their own strengths at different growth periods and could complement each other. The deep learning-based identification method demonstrated better generalizability compared to the NDVI-based method. However, both methods required optimization and upgrading in the future to further enhance identification accuracy.

  Separation Characteristics of Maize Plant Traits SHI Qingling, ZHANG Jingwen, ZHANG Xinyue, HUO Bing, DONG Yongbin 2025, 41 (1):  8-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0143 Abstract + ( 57 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1143KB )   ( 46 ) In order to study the separation characteristics of plant traits in maize, ten maize inbred lines from different sources were selected for cross-mating, and two 8-parent hybrid F1 segregated populations A and B were obtained. The phenotype of five plant traits of the segregated populations was identified, and the correlation analysis and path analysis between plant traits were carried out. The results showed that the variation coefficient of plant height in two segregating populations was large, and the coefficient of variation was 10.34% and 10.54%. Correlation analysis showed that the plant height showed extremely significant positive correlation with ear height, tassel length and average length of internode above ear, and tassel length showed extremely significant positive correlation with average length of internode above ear in two segregated populations. But the correlation between other plant traits of the two populations was not completely consistent. The path analysis showed that the ear height, tassel length and average length of internode above ear had significant positive direct effect on plant height. The tassel length had a large positive indirect effect on plant height through the average length of internode above ear. This study analyzed the relationship between plant traits, which could provide reference for genetic improvement of plant traits in maize.

  Drought Resistance Evaluation of Different Maize Varieties During Germination and Seedling Stage Under PEG Simulated Drought Stress XU Yilin, XU Dongdong, ZHANG Panpan, ZHANG Yikang, LI Xianhua 2025, 41 (1):  13-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0015 Abstract + ( 68 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1281KB )   ( 16 ) In order to study the changes of germination index and physiological index of maize under PEG simulated drought stress, 20% PEG-6000 was set up for drought treatment. The germination rate, germination potential, germination index, radicle length, chlorophyll value (SPAD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of maize at germination stage were measured, and the drought resistance of different varieties was evaluated by membership function method. The results showed that compared with CK, the germination rate, germination potential, germination index and radicle length of each maize variety decreased under drought stress, the chlorophyll value and SOD activity decreased, and the MDA content increased. The average value of the membership function of ‘Xinnong 008’ was greater than 0.7, which was a strong drought-resistant variety. The average value of membership function of ‘Zhongyu No.9’, ‘Zhongyu No.1’ and ‘Woyu No.3’ was less than 0.4, which belonged to weak drought-resistant varieties.

  Effects of Density and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Potato Yield and Quality in High Altitude Area QI Chiheng, ZENG Yuting, XU Juanni, NIMAZHUOGA 2025, 41 (1):  19-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0183 Abstract + ( 58 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1137KB )   ( 12 ) In order to explore the effects of cultivation density and nitrogen fertilizer application on potato yield and quality in high-altitude areas, a two factor split plot experimental design was adopted. Three density levels (41700, 50000, 62500 plant/hm2, represented as D1, D2, D3 respectively) and four nitrogen application levels (0, 110, 220, 330 kg/hm2, represented as N0, N1, N2, and N3 respectively) were set up to analyze different densities and the effect of nitrogen fertilizer treatment combination on the plant traits, yield, and quality of the late maturing potato variety ‘Zangnongshu 1’, and explore the optimal fertilizer density configuration for this variety. The results showed that density and nitrogen fertilizer had a significant impact on the traits, yield, and quality of potato plants, and the yield and quality were significantly affected by the interaction between density and nitrogen fertilizer. The potato yield and commercial potato yield under low density of 41700 plants/hm2 increased with the increase of nitrogen application. The dry matter content, starch content, and protein content showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen application. The potato yield and commercial potato yield under high density of 50000 plants and high density of 62500 plants/hm2 increased and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application, while the dry matter content, starch content, and protein content showed an upward trend. The highest potato yield under D2N2 treatment was 47884 kg/hm2, with a commercial potato yield of 56.03%, and good performance in plant and quality traits. Taking into account plant, yield, and quality traits, based on TOPSIS analysis results, it is more suitable to plant potatoes in Lhasa and its surrounding areas with a density of 50000 plants/hm2 and a nitrogen application rate of 220 kg/hm2.

  Study on Control of Emergence Water in Cotton Field of ‘Dry Sowing and Wet Emergence’ in Southern Xinjiang Based on Soil Moisture Content of Loam Soil LI Xingxing, ABUDUAINI Abuduweili, ZHOU Lun, MA Hui, OU Huan, AIMAIERJIANG Abulitifu, TIAN Liwen, LIU Yan, LUO Dan, AZIGULI Abulizi 2025, 41 (1):  25-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0521 Abstract + ( 53 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1285KB )   ( 8 ) By analyzing the effects of different frequencies of drip irrigation on the emergence rate, agronomic shape and root distribution of cotton fields with different soil water contents under loamy soil conditions in southern Xinjiang, the suitable frequency of emergence water for ‘dry sowing and wet emergence’ under loamy soil conditions was explored, which provided theoretical support for ‘one sowing and whole seedling’ of cotton in southern Xinjiang. Taking upland cotton ‘J8031’ as the test material, under the condition of soil moisture content of 10%-15%, 15%-20% and 20%-25%, the seedling emergence water was set up for 1, 2 and 3 times, respectively. With the increase of drip irrigation frequency, the soil compaction decreased, and the soil EC value decreased gradually. The soil EC value of the same soil depth was less than that of the film edge, and the soil EC value of 5 cm soil depth was less than that of 10 cm under the same hole or film edge position. The emergence rate was the highest when the seedling water was dripped twice, and the lowest when the seedling water was dripped once, and the phenomenon of ‘decapitated seedling’ and ‘stuck neck’ appeared. With the increase of water frequency, plant height, stem diameter and aboveground dry matter accumulation showed a gradually increasing trend. The high frequency of seedling water was closely related to root growth and development. The increase of the frequency of seedling water dripping and the water-oriented characteristics of the lateral root system gradually increased the root weight density, root length density, root surface area and root volume, but the root diameter was the smallest when the seedling water was dripped three times. Under loam soil conditions, when the soil water content was 10%-15%, 15%-20%, and 20%-25%, the emergence water for ‘dry sowing and wet emergence’ dripped twice could meet the germination and emergence of cotton seeds, and the agronomic traits and root morphology were better at the seedling stage.

  Investigation of Molecular Mechanism of Different Chilling Requirements Between Two Apricot Cultivars LIU Jia, HUANG Darong, YAO Meiying, LIU Shuo, ZHANG Yuping, ZHANG Guowei 2025, 41 (1):  33-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0893 Abstract + ( 56 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2175KB )   ( 161 ) This study explores the demand for low temperature accumulation during the germination process of apricot trees and analyzes the impact of warm winter phenomena caused by global warming on apricot yield. In this study, using the high-quality apricot variety ‘Haitanghong’ and its bud variant ‘Zaoyan’ from southern China as experimental materials, through transcriptomic analysis of 550 hours of treatment at 4℃, 3124 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and many were associated with plant hormones and protein dephosphorylation. By observing the branch color of the two varieties under low-temperature treatments, we found that the cultivar with the lower chilling requirement was more tolerant to cold. These results suggest that compared to ‘Haitanghong’, ‘Zaoyan’ has a lower low-temperature requirement, and the difference in chilling requirements between the two varieties may be related to plant hormones and post-transcriptional modification. And the reason for these differences of alternative splicing may be associated with the varied chilling requirement in the two cultivars. These results can provide a reference for mitigating the decrease of apricot yield under climate warming.

  Effects of Formula Fertilization on Tomato Quality and Yield Cultivated in Facility Substrates GUO Chunmei, XIAO Haojun, QIN Xingli, DING Yingfeng, SHEN Hui, DU Yanping, ZHANG Hong, YANG Zheng’an 2025, 41 (1):  42-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0255 Abstract + ( 58 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1257KB )   ( 14 ) The aim is to explore the effects of different formula fertilizations on the growth, quality and yield of tomato cultivated in facility substrate, aiming to screen out high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency fertilization schemes. Taking large tomato ‘1437’ as the test variety, different concentrations of potassium fertilizer, sucrose and fish protein were added on the basis of the Dutch formula to fertilize tomatoes cultivated in facility substrate. The growth indexes and fruit quality indexes of tomato plants were measured, and the effects of different fertilization formulas on the quality and yield of tomatoes cultivated in facility substrate were comprehensively evaluated by membership function analysis. The results showed that after applying the formula (T9) with 50% increase in potassium fertilizer, sucrose and fish protein on the basis of the Dutch formula, the main root length of tomato plants increased by 75.84% compared with the application of the Dutch formula (CK treatment). The fresh weight and dry weight of the aboveground part of tomato plants treated with T9 were significantly increased by 73% and 70.07% respectively compared with CK treatment. The fresh root weight and dry root weight of tomato treated with T9 were significantly increased by 60.45% and 99.29% respectively compared with CK treatment. The soluble sugar content of tomato fruits treated with T9 was the highest, which was increased by 106.45% compared with CK treatment. The soluble solids of tomato treated with T9 were the highest, reaching 4.7%, which was significantly increased by 14.63% compared with CK treatment. The yield per plant of tomato treated with T9 was significantly increased by 38.96% compared with CK treatment. Thus, T9 treatment significantly promoted the growth and development of tomato plants, increased the material accumulation of tomato plants, improved the quality of tomato fruits and increased the yield of tomatoes.

  Correlation Analysis and Path Analysis of Agronomic Characters and Yield of Pepper YANG Shan, LI Qingchao, CHEN Xiaocui, LIU Jianxin, LUO Guocai, ZENG Wenbing, YANG Hong, XIA Yuqiong 2025, 41 (1):  48-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0127 Abstract + ( 56 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1271KB )   ( 33 ) To investigate the relationship between pepper agronomic traits and yield, this paper conducted correlation analysis and path analysis on nine agronomic traits and yield of 200 pepper germplasm resources. The results showed that the investigated traits had a large coefficient of variation, and there were tight correlations between traits, most of which had significant or extremely significant correlation relationships. The correlation between the investigated traits and yield was in the following order: single fruit weight> plant height> pulp thickness> fruit diameter> stem diameter> fruit number per plant> fruit length> distance of the first section. The direct effects of the number of fruits per plant, single fruit weight, fruit diameter, flesh thickness, and fruit length on yield were significant; the number of fruits per plant produced a negative effect on yield per plant through fruit diameter, flesh thickness, and single fruit weight; fruit length produced a negative effect on yield through fruit diameter, flesh thickness, and single fruit weight; the negative effect of fruit diameter on yield through the number of fruits per plant was greater than the positive effect through single fruit weight; the direct effect of flesh thickness on yield was small, while its influence on yield through the number of fruits per plant and flesh thickness was greater; the direct effect of single fruit weight on yield was large, the negative effect through the number of fruits per plant was greater, and the positive effect through fruit diameter was greater. The relationships between the investigated pepper traits are complex, and single fruit weight, fruit number per plant, fruit diameter, pulp thickness, and fruit length directly regulate yield. In breeding, attention can be paid to single fruit weight, and in subsequent studies, the scope of trait investigation should be expanded to further study the relationship between traits and yield.

  Alleviating Effects of Glomus mosseae and Soil Reduction Sterilization on Continuous Cropping Obstacle of Cucumber Seedlings HUANG Huan, FAN Yaping, SONG Baiquan, WANG Changxian 2025, 41 (1):  55-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0142 Abstract + ( 43 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1629KB )   ( 14 ) Orange peel was used as organic material and the additive amounts were 0%, 0.25% and 0.5% of soil weight respectively. The continuous cultivation soil was subjected to strong reduction sterilization, and then the ‘Mini’ fruit cucumber seedlings were cultivated on the sterilized soil via pot experiment. The seedlings were inoculated with Glomus mosseae during cultivation. The effects of G. mosseae and reduction sterilization on soil quality, seedling growth, nutrients uptake and rhizosphere microbial quantity were investigated. The results showed that the contents of organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and pH were significantly increased by reduction sterilization. Compared with non-sterilization, the organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus contents of soil treated by adding 0.25% orange peel were 1.05, 1.10 and 1.90 times respectively, and the pH increased by 0.17. At the same time, G. mosseae significantly promoted the growth of cucumber seedlings on unsterilized soil, and the leaf area, biomass and seedling quality index inoculated with G. mosseae on unsterilized soil were 1.29, 1.25 and 1.44 times more than those uninoculated with G. mosseae, respectively. The leaf area and biomass of seedlings grown on soil treated by adding 0.25% orange peel and uninoculated with G. mosseae were 1.02 and 1.22 times more than that on unsterilized soil inoculated with G. mosseae, respectively. In addition, regardless of soil sterilization or not, G. mosseae effectively improved the calcium, magnesium and iron nutrients status in shoots of seedlings, and increased the number of rhizosphere bacteria, while decreased the number of fungi. It was concluded that both inoculation with G. mosseae on unsterilized soil or strong reduction sterilization could effectively alleviate the growth obstacles of cucumber seedlings in.

  Effects of Ground Covers on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Antioxidant Indexes and Yield of Lycium barbarum HONG Ziqiang, WANG Xiaoping, SU Ming, SU Li, BAI Liujing, ZHANG Zhengzhen, YANG Juan, WU Hongliang, KANG Jianhong 2025, 41 (1):  63-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0258 Abstract + ( 57 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1349KB )   ( 39 ) The paper aims to clarify the influence of different mulching materials on the photosynthetic characteristics, physiological characteristics and yield of Lycium barbarum in Ningxia region, and to provide theoretical basis and technical support for high yield, stable yield and high quality of L. barbarum in Ningxia region. A randomized block group experimental design was adopted, with four treatments: straw mulch (SM), horticultural ground mulch (HM), black mulch (BM), and natural grass mulch (CK), to study the change patterns of photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant characteristics and yield of L. barbarum leaves under different mulching materials. Mulching measures had significant effects on photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde content and yield of L. barbarum leaves. Among them, compared with CK treatment, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was significantly increased by 16.69% under HM treatment. At fruit bloom stage, superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly increased by 9.38% under HM treatment compared to CK treatment. At the full fruit stage, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of CK treatment reached the maximum compared with other treatments. The yield of L. barbarum in HM treatment reached 1138.20 kg/hm2, which was significantly higher than that in other treatments. Under HM treatment, the activity of antioxidant enzymes was higher and the content of MDA was the lowest, which could resist the external adverse environmental stress to a certain extent. Compared with CK, the contents of flavonoids, polysaccharides and betaine in L. barbarum under HM treatment were significantly increased by 102.86%, 19.03% and 75.93%. Horticultural ground cloth cover can effectively ensure higher values of photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant enzyme activity, improve the capture of light energy, absorption, and promote material transformation of L. barbarum to promote the photosynthesis of L. barbarum, and promote the transformation of dry matter, thus improving the yield and quality of L. barbarum.

  Responses of Morphological Characteristics and Physiological and Biochemical Index of Marigold Seedlings to Drought Stress GUO Hao, LI Guangning, LIU Tao, WANG Pu, WEN Panlai, LAI Ming, LYU Xingna 2025, 41 (1):  69-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0364 Abstract + ( 60 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1422KB )   ( 31 ) Exploring the growth and physiological response of marigold varieties with different drought tolerance to drought can provide theoretical basis for the study of drought resistance of marigold. Three kinds of marigold seedlings with different drought tolerance were used as materials, different degrees of drought stress were simulated by pot water control method, and normal water management was set as control, natural drought 5, 10, 15 d and rehydration 2 d. The changes of growth and physiological indexes of each variety were measured, and the drought tolerance was evaluated comprehensively. The growth indexes such as plant height, stem diameter, fresh/dry weight and physiological indexes such as chlorophyll, leaf nitrogen content and SOD of marigold seedlings increased under drought stress for 5 d, indicating that mild drought stress was beneficial to promote seedling growth. At 15 d of drought stress, marigold seedlings with different drought tolerance showed significant differences. Among them, ‘1-34-1’ and ‘Big Flower Marigold’ showed wilting in the middle and lower parts of the leaves, the plant height, fresh/dry weight, chlorophyll and nitrogen contents were significantly inhibited, the activities of soluble sugar and SOD were significantly decreased, and the content of MDA was significantly increased. Irreversible damage appeared after rehydration 2 d. The ‘Milestone’ plant stood upright without wilting after 15 d of drought stress, and the indexes were quickly recovered to the control level after 2 d of rehydration. The results of correlation analysis showed that wilting index was positively correlated with plant height and MDA content, and negatively correlated with chlorophyll and leaf nitrogen content. The above indexes were significantly different in different varieties of drought tolerance. In summary, plant height and chlorophyll content at seedling stage of marigold can be used as reference indexes for rapid identification of drought resistance in production practice.

  Evaluation on Mechanized-picking Suitability of Different Tea Cultivars in Shandong Province WU Huanhuan, REN Zhihong, XIAO Wenmin, ZHANG Hong, SUN Haiwei, YANG Shengxiang, ZHANG Ling 2025, 41 (1):  76-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0346 Abstract + ( 45 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1159KB )   ( 10 ) In order to screen out the tea varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting in Shandong tea area, the shoot bud leaf traits and mechanical harvesting effects of 6 tea varieties with excellent growth were compared, and the suitability of mechanical harvesting of different tea varieties was evaluated. The results showed that ‘Daiding Yufeng’ and ‘Zhongcha 108’ had longer new slightly length and internode length. The standard bud-leaf rate and complete bud-leaf rate of ‘Daiding Yufeng’ in spring and summer were significantly higher than those of other varieties. The standard bud-leaf rate and complete bud-leaf rate of ‘Zhongcha 108’ and ‘Daiding Yufeng’ in autumn were significantly higher than those of other varieties. Through analysis, it was found that the longer new shoot and internode length were significantly correlated with the integrity of the bud leaves, indicating that the new shoot length and internode length were crucial to the picking performance of the tea picker. There was no significant correlation between the leaf angle of different tea varieties and the standard bud leaf rate and the complete bud leaf rate. The results also showed that the effect of mechanical harvesting in summer was higher than that in spring and autumn, and the priority of mechanical harvesting in summer was very important to improve the efficiency of tea production. Shoot length and internode length are important factors affecting the mechanical harvesting of tea. ‘Daiding Yufeng’ can be selected as a mechanical harvesting variety in Shandong tea area.

  Adaptability Evaluation of Astragalus Introduction in Daqing of Heilongjiang Province SHEN Yujiang, DU Chunyu, LIU Shuxia, GUAN Xiangjun, XU Haijun, WANG Xiaofei, XIAO Yu 2025, 41 (1):  82-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0184 Abstract + ( 54 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1182KB )   ( 51 ) In order to screen out 1-2 astragalus materials suitable for cultivation and planting in Daqing area of Heilongjiang Province, a comprehensive evaluation method was used to compare and analyze the survey data of 15 biological traits of 23 astragalus materials introduced from the whole country. The regreening rate of the top two materials was above 97%. The thousand seed weight was more than 6.22 g, the underground biomass was more than 28.07 g, the main root length was more than 51.06 cm, the polysaccharide content was more than 17.61 g, and the plant height was more than 70.55 cm. Among them, the top two materials in the comprehensive score of 23 astragalus materials were from Chifeng of Inner Mongolia and Niuyingzi of Heilongjiang. The field growth and the yield and quality of astragalus obtained after harvest were consistent with the comprehensive evaluation results, which were more suitable for planting in Daqing area of Heilongjiang Province.

  Application and Research Progress of Gymnema sylvestre LI Yong, LAI Xuhui, LI Chunmei, YAO Qiong, LIU Kai 2025, 41 (1):  89-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0009 Abstract + ( 53 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1198KB )   ( 14 ) This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current application status and research progress of Gymnema sylvestre, with a particular emphasis on its pivotal role in agricultural practices and plant protection strategies. From the analysis of chemical constituents and the exploration of pharmacological mechanisms, it reviews the research endeavors on the resources of the Gymnema genus. The bioactive compounds within G. sylvestre, including alkaloids, flavonoids, polysaccharides are crucial to its pharmacological effects in areas such as hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Concurrently, the article delves into the potential of G. sylvestre as a natural biopesticide or growth regulator, emphasizing its capacity to significantly reduce the reliance on chemical pesticides. The total triterpenoid saponins, flavonoid glycosides, anthocyanins, and other components extracted from G. sylvestre exhibit pesticidal effects against agricultural pests, attract beneficial predators, and inhibit the expression of genes associated with pest resistance, thereby offering novel insights into green plant protection. As a plant resource with vast potential for application, the research of G. sylvestre not only enriches the fields of plant chemistry and pharmacology but also presents new avenues for addressing practical issues in modern agriculture. Its significance lies in promoting the green development of agriculture and enhancing human health levels, marking a milestone in advancing sustainable and holistic agricultural practices.

  Analysis of Pollution Level, Health Risk and Source of Heavy Metal in Orchard Soil in Qingyang City ZHANG Han, WU Yongfu, HAO Lianglu, CAI Liqun 2025, 41 (1):  96-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0237 Abstract + ( 53 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1609KB )   ( 61 ) To accurately assess the levels of heavy metal pollution, health risks and pollution sources in the surface soil of orchards in Qingyang City, the research team collected 16 surface soil samples at 0-40 cm soil layer from orchards in Qingyang City. The concentrations of chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) were determined. Based on the single factor pollution index, the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index, geo-accumulation index, potential ecological risk index and health risk appraisal model were used to evaluate the degree of heavy metal pollution and health risks. In addition, principal component analysis was applied to analyze the sources of heavy metal pollution. The results indicated that the soil of orchards in Qingyang City was severely polluted by cadmium (Cd), reaching a moderate pollution level. The geo-accumulation index for mercury (Hg) was greater than 5, indicating extreme pollution, while the geo-accumulation indices for other heavy metals were all below 0, indicating no pollution. The potential ecological risk index (RI) for the seven elements ranged from 1694.28 to 5158.06, indicating extreme pollution. The total non-carcinogenic risks for young adults (aged from 18 to 40) and middle-aged adults (aged from 41 to 60) were 0.12 and 0.09, respectively, indicating no non-carcinogenic risk to local orchard farmers from soil heavy metals. However, the total carcinogenic risks for young adults and middle-aged adults were 9.21×10-5 and 7.45×10-4, respectively, exceeding the acceptable level (1×10-6), indicating a carcinogenic risk from soil heavy metals to local orchard farmers. Source analysis suggested that the main sources of soil heavy metal pollution may be a combination of traffic and plastic mulch, pesticides, fertilizers, and atmospheric deposition.

  Effects of Bacillus aryabhattai and CaO2 on Silicon and Potassium Content of Soil in Facilities and Tomato Yield and Quality JING Jiyue, WANG Zi, GUO Xinsong, CUI Xiumin, CAO Qing, WANG Guanghui, ZHU Fujun, WANG Shanshan, DOU Yan, YANG Chunyu 2025, 41 (1):  105-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0058 Abstract + ( 46 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1371KB )   ( 13 ) To investigate the ability of Bacillus aryabhattai (MB) to decompose silicon and potassium, and the effects of its combination with calcium peroxide (CaO2) on tomato yield and quality, a field randomized block experimental design was used, eight treatments were set, including blank control (CK), MB 75 kg/hm2, calcium peroxide 450 kg/hm2 (Ca-30), calcium peroxide 900 kg/hm2 (Ca-60), calcium peroxide 1350 kg/hm2 (Ca-90), MB+Ca-30, MB+Ca-60, and MB+Ca-90, to quantitatively study the effects on soil effective silicon and soil rapidly available potassium content, tomato yield and quality. The results showed that MB increased the amount of rapidly available potassium in the soil. Compared with CaO2 treatment alone, all treatments of CaO2 with MB increased soil rapidly available potassium content significantly, and the best effect was achieved with the MB+Ca-60 treatment. MB application significantly increased the effective silicon content of the soil, whereas CaO2 applications decreased the effective silicon content and the combination of CaO2 and MB significantly increased the effective silicon content in all cases (P<0.05) and was higher than the CK treatment. The application of CaO2 and MB increased tomato yield, with the lowest being MB+Ca-30 treatment and the highest being MB+Ca-60. MB treatment significantly increased soluble solids, soluble sugars and vitamin C content of tomato. CaO2 application increased the content of soluble solids and soluble sugars. Compared to the control, soluble solids, soluble sugars and vitamin C content increased by 9.18%-10.80%, 13.68%-17.09%, 8.46%-8.93%, and soluble acids decreased by 5.77%-11.54% with CaO2 and MB, respectively. The combination of CaO2 and MB can significantly increase the levels of effective silicon and rapidly available potassium in the soil, improving tomato yield and fruit quality.

  Meteorological Condition Analysis and Climate Quality Certification of Dendrobium officinale in Guizhou: A Case Study of Anlong County CHEN Fang, ZUO Jin, LIU Yupeng, YANG Shiqiong, LI Huixuan, LIU Xuanming, GU Shuhong 2025, 41 (1):  112-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0035 Abstract + ( 58 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1329KB )   ( 21 ) Based on the meteorological data of temperature, sunshine, and precipitation from the national benchmark climate station in Anlong County, Guizhou Province, and the automatic weather station in Pojiao Town, this study analyzed the impact of meteorological conditions on the cultivation of Dendrobium officinale in 2021, explored the climatic suitability zoning indicators for D. officinale in southwestern Guizhou Province, and identified the main climatic conditions and key factors that affect its quality. This was done to provide a scientific basis for D. officinale cultivation techniques and production management conditions. The research results indicated that the annual average temperature in Anlong County ranged from 14.4-16.2℃, with the hottest month averaging 20.8-23.0℃ and the coldest month averaging 6.5℃. The annual average frost-free period was 308 days, the annual average precipitation was 1184.0 mm, and the annual sunshine duration was 1571.0 hours. By integrating the main agro-meteorological disasters during various phenological stages, such as drought, hail, rainstorm, and late spring coldness, the climate quality grade for D. officinaleproduction in Anlong County was certified and comprehensively statistically analyzed. Considering the suitability of D. officinale, the weather and climate conditions of the year, and the cultivation environment, the 2021 D. officinale in Anlong County was evaluated as excellent. The implementation of climate quality certification for D. officinale enhances the added value and economic benefits of agricultural products and provides meteorological technological support, indicating promising application prospects.

  A Research on Tea Cultivating Agricultural Climatic Regionalization in Anji County Based on GIS XU Jinping, JIANG Xiaomei, HU Bo, HU Yue, LI Yun, CHENG Yikai 2025, 41 (1):  119-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0730 Abstract + ( 62 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2147KB )   ( 34 ) The industry of Anji white tea as the core agricultural industry is an important starting point for rural revitalization in Anji, Zhejiang. Establishment of tea planting regionalization in Anji County will provide favorable support for planters to build an ecological tea plantation in this area. Based on meteorological observation data such as temperature and relative humidity, basic geographic data and soil data from 6 national meteorological observation stations and 49 encrypted automatic meteorological stations in Anji County and its surrounding areas, nine factors of meteorology, topography and soil were selected to carry out the fine simulation of spatial distribution, and the AHP method was used to establish the evaluation model of tea cultivation suitability zoning. Then the comprehensive regionalization of tea planting suitability was completed. The results show that the most suitable area for tea planting in Anji County is 623.09 km2, which is distributed in Meixi Town, Xilong Township, Dipu Street, Changshuo Street and other areas in the north and middle of Anji County. The suitable area for tea planting is 622.46 km2, which is distributed in the north and middle of the county, such as Dipu Street, Xiaofeng Town, Zhangwu Town, the west of Hanggai Town, and the north of Tianhuangping town; The dimensions of unsuitable cultivation area is 441.43 km2, which is mainly distributed in the south of the county, including Zhangcun Town, Baofu Town, Shangshu Town, south of Tianhuangping town and Shanchuan town. Through the regionalization of the suitability of tea cultivation in Anji County, this paper provides a reference for the selection of geographical location for Anji white tea planting, and provides ideas for the high-quality production of tea seedlings.

  Identification of Pathogen Causing Begonia Leaf Spot in Guangdong SHEN Huifang, YANG Qiyun, ZHANG Jingxin, PU Xiaoming, LIU Pingping, LIN Birun, SUN Dayuan 2025, 41 (1):  126-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0191 Abstract + ( 49 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1605KB )   ( 8 ) To clarify the pathogen causing leaf spot on Begonia semperflorens in Guangdong, samples of begonia leaf spot from Panyu District, Guangzhou in Guangdong were collected as test materials. Strains were isolated by tissue isolation method. The taxonomic status of pathogens was identified based on pathogenicity determination, morphological and molecular biological characteristics. A total of 13 single-conidium-isolates with similar morphological characteristics were obtained from diseased plant samples. Artificial inoculation results showed that the tested isolates could infect Begonia semperflorens and cause typical leaf spot symptoms observed in the field. Their colonies were light gray-green with abundant aerial hyphae on PDA medium. Conidiophores were brown, solitary, (36.4-102.8) μm×(4.6-8.6) μm (n=50). Conidia were brown, obclavate, obpyriform, oval, (25.6-72.5) μm×(15.4-26.3) μm (n=50), with three to seven transverse and zero to three longitudinal septa. Based on a phylogenetic tree obtained using multiplex alignments of concatenations of ITS, TEF-1α, GAPDH, Alt a1 and RPB2 genes sequences from 21 Alternaria species, two tested isolates were grouped together with four Alternaria tomato strains to form a single clade. This study clarified that the pathogen causing begonia leaf spot in Guangdong was determined as A. tomato, which was reported for the first time that A. tomato could cause begonia leaf spot.

  Bibliometric Analyses of Hot Spots on Boring Pest Agrilus planipennis YANG Jinglin, WANG Tao, LIU Liu, XU Yabei 2025, 41 (1):  132-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0281 Abstract + ( 56 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1781KB )   ( 14 ) Agrilus planipennis is an important quarantine pest in the world. Recently, a large number of researches have been carried out on the morphology, bioecological characteristics, monitoring, and control of A. planipennis. In order to clarify the main research progress and development trends, 96 Chinese and 508 English articles related to A. planipennis were screened from China knowledge Network (CNKI) and Web of Science (WoS) databases. From 2003 to 2007, the annual publication of A. planipennis was small and stable. Since 2008, the number of English articles published in this field increased rapidly and was much more than that of Chinese articles. Among them, the United States, Canada, China, Russia, and the United Kingdom were the most influential countries in the field. The United States and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) were the country and institution that published the most foreign literatures, respectively. The Chinese Academy of Forestry and Acta Entomologica Sinica were the most published institution and journal in this field in China. The co-occurrence analysis of keywords showed that biological control of A. planipennis was a research hotspot. The emergent words analysis suggested that the “behavior” had the longest emergence time. The behavioral response to volatile and pheromone components and the behavioral habits of feeding, mating and oviposition of A. planipennis were the research focus from 2008 to 2015. The “establishment” had high emergence intensity from 2019 to 2022, indicating that the establishment of management strategies, detection methods and prediction models related to A. planipennis will become the research frontier in the future.

  Optimization of Fermentation Process for Yunnan Produced Cigar Tobacco Leaves Using Response Surface Methodology ZHOU Xiao, XU Zhengrong, LU Xin, YANG Gang, DONG Junzhong, WANG Yue, WANG Bingbing, LI Tian, LIU Yan 2025, 41 (1):  141-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0476 Abstract + ( 51 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1753KB )   ( 12 ) The paper aims to study the influence of process parameter changes during the bioenzyme-assisted fermentation of cigar tobacco leaves produced in Yunnan on their sensory quality and neutral aroma components. The ‘Yunxue 36’ cigar tobacco leaves were selected as the research object. According to the Box-Behnken Design principle, with different enzyme combinations, fermentation time, and fermentation temperature as influencing factors and sensory quality as the response value, the response surface methodology was used to optimize the fermentation process conditions of cigar tobacco leaves produced in Yunnan, and the corresponding prediction mathematical model was established. The simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) method was used to extract volatile components, and the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was used to analyze their component composition. The results showed that the regression equation model fitted well with the experiment, and the fermentation time had a greater impact on the sensory quality of tobacco leaves. Combining model optimization with practical operation, when the enzyme ratio was cellulase 0.7 mg/g + neutral protease 0.3 mg/g, the fermentation time was 15 days, and the fermentation temperature was 35℃, the sensory score of tobacco leaves was 84.333, which was relatively close to the sample of the best sensory quality test treatment. A total of 37 neutral aroma components were detected in 17 treated samples. Except for neophytadiene and other categories, the content of neutral aroma components in all treated samples was: carotenoid degradation products> phenylalanine conversion products> cembrane degradation products> non-enzymatic browning reaction products. The best test treatment for tobacco leaf sensory quality was an enzyme ratio of cellulase 0.7 mg/g+ neutral protease 0.3 mg/g, a fermentation time of 15 days, and a fermentation temperature of 40℃, which was mainly manifested in the improvement of the texture of the smoke, the enhancement of the richness of the aroma, and the improvement of the off-flavor, irritation, and aftertaste. The contents of the turkeyenone and the chlorophyll degradation product neophytadiene were the highest. This study used bioenzyme preparations to assist in exploring the fermentation process of cigar tobacco leaves produced in Yunnan, and found the optimal fermentation conditions of a specific enzyme preparation composition, which could provide a theoretical basis for the production practice of cigar tobacco.

  Relationship Between Appearance Quality and Physicochemical Indexes of Main Variety of Cigar Wrapper Leaves in Hubei Province ZHANG Ting, LI Jinhai, XIAO Shaohong, WANG Kang, LIU Jun, LIAO Xiaoling, CHEN Hui, YU Fei, PENG Longjun, YE Jiaojiao, MA Tong 2025, 41 (1):  148-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0467 Abstract + ( 43 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1357KB )   ( 63 ) In order to clarify the key physical and chemical indicators that affect the appearance quality of the main varieties ‘CX26’ and ‘CX80’ wrapper leaves in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2023, key physical and chemical indicators were measured. Through statistical analysis, key physical and chemical indicators, including chromatic aberration, thickness difference, elongation at break, nicotine, total sugar, total nitrogen, and appearance quality indicators of wrapper such as integrity, uniformity, body, vein, and oil were determined. The results of analysis of variance showed significant differences in chromatic aberration, total sugar, chlorine, nicotine, and appearance quality scores among different varieties of wrapper leaves. Descriptive statistical results showed that compared with ‘CX80’, ‘CX26’had lower chromatic aberration, thickness difference, total sugar content, higher elongation at break, nicotine content, chlorine content, potassium content, and the same total nitrogen content, with a higher sensory evaluation score. Elongation at break, total sugar, and chlorine were significantly and positively correlated with the appearance quality score, chromatic aberration and thickness difference were significantly and negatively correlated with the appearance quality score. The results of stepwise regression and path analysis showed that the key physical indicators affecting the appearance quality of the ‘CX26’ wrapper were elongation at break and chromatic aberration, while elongation at break, chromatic aberration, and thickness difference were key indicators for variety ‘CX80’. Established regression prediction model can be used to quickly and accurately determine the appearance quality of tobacco leaves. Therefore, to improve the appearance quality of Hubei tobacco wrapper leaves, attention should be given to the elongation at break, chromatic aberration, and thickness difference of tobacco which may affect elasticity and color of tobacco leaves.

  Effects of Melatonin Concentrations on Postharvest Quality of Strawberry Fruit WU Xiaming, DAI Hongfen, YANG Min, ZHOU Chenping, KUANG Ruibin, LIU Chuanhe, HE Han, XU Ze, WEI Yuerong 2025, 41 (1):  154-160.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0173 Abstract + ( 55 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 3185KB )   ( 11 ) The effects of different concentrations of melatonin on the storage and preservation of strawberries at ambient temperature were analyzed, which provided a theoretical basis for the development of efficient and safe preservation technology of strawberries. In this study, ‘Xiangye’ strawberry (75% at red ripening stage) was used as material, and the differences between apparent quality traits, edible quality traits, antioxidant enzyme activity, MDA and H2O2 contents of strawberry fruits during ambient temperature storage were determined and comprehensively evaluated by soaking in melatonin at different concentrations. Compared with the control, melatonin treatments at different concentrations had important roles in delaying the decline rates of strawberry fruit hardness, mass loss, and titratable acid, promoting the rise rates of total phenol content, total flavonoid content, SOD, POD, and CAT enzyme activity, as well as inhibiting the accumulation of MDA and H2O2 content. The results showed that melatonin treatment could prolong the storage period of strawberry at ambient temperature, and the 300 μmol/L concentration treatment had the best comprehensive effect.

  Correlation and Path Analysis of Growth Traits of Callista chinensis ZHOU Xiaowen 2025, 41 (1):  161-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0448 Abstract + ( 42 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1117KB )   ( 5 ) In order to carry out artificial breeding and germplasm resource protection of Callista chinensis, we used correlation analysis and path analysis to evaluate the relationship between quantitative traits and live body weight. 70 wild individuals were sampled randomly in Haitan Bay, Pingtan, Fujian Province. Shell length, shell width, shell height and live body weight were respectively measured. Multiple regression analysis and path analysis were used for investigating the morphological variation. The result showed that there was extremely significant correlation among the 4 traits (P<0.01). Through stepwise multiple regression analysis, shell height was removed, then optimum multiple regression equations were obtained. Path analysis revealed that, the direct effects of morphological parameters on live body weight were in order of shell width>shell length. Shell width had the maximum direct effect on the live body weight with a direct path coefficient of 0.665. The coefficient of determinant (R2) of morphological parameters against the live body weight was 0.970, which was more than 0.850, indicating that shell width and shell length were the major factors associating live body weight.