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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2013, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (9): 112-116.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2606

所属专题： 小麦

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

偏旱年休闲期施肥覆盖对旱地小麦播前土壤水分的影响及其与产量的相关分析

李青 高志强 孙敏 董琦 贺立恒   

  • 收稿日期:2012-07-25 修回日期:2012-08-20 出版日期:2013-03-25 发布日期:2013-03-25

Effect of Fertilizer and Mulch on Soil Water Content Before Sowing and the Relationship Analysis About Soil Water Content and Yield in Fallow Period in Wheat Under Dryland Condition in Drought Year

  • Received:2012-07-25 Revised:2012-08-20 Online:2013-03-25 Published:2013-03-25

摘要： 为了改善旱地小麦的土壤水分状况，提高旱地小麦的产量，采用大田试验，研究了休闲期施肥覆盖对播前土壤水分含量的影响及其与产量的关系。结果表明：休闲期施有机肥提高了休闲期降雨补给率，但不显著，休闲期地膜覆盖与纸覆盖均可显著提高休闲期降雨补给率。休闲期施有机肥、覆盖均可提高播前0~100 cm、100~200 cm、0~300 cm土层土壤含水量，施肥与覆盖对播前200~300 cm土层土壤含水量的影响较小。结果还表明：地膜覆盖对播前不同土层土壤含水量的增加效果均大于纸覆盖，施肥可增大地膜覆盖对土壤水分的影响范围，在有机肥条件下地膜覆盖可增加40~160 cm各土层土壤含水量，不施肥条件下可增加40~140 cm各土层土壤含水量。休闲期施肥、覆盖均可显著增产。相关分析表明：播前0~100 cm、100~200 cm、0~300 cm土壤含水量与旱地小麦穗粒数、产量均显著正相关，在20~ 140 cm各土层土壤含水量与产量和穗粒数的相关性均达到显著或极显著水平。总之，休闲期施肥与覆盖均有利于旱地小麦播前土壤水分状况的改善和产量的提高，且以有机肥条件下地膜覆盖效果最好。

关键词: 降解, 降解

Abstract: In order to improve soil water condition and increase yield of winter wheat in dryland, field test was carried out to study the effect of different fertilizer and mulch on soil water content before sowing and the relationship between soil water content before sowing and yield in fallow period in wheat under dryland condition. The results showed that, organic fertilizer increased the ratio of water supplement of fallow period, but no significant, film mulch and paper mulch all significantly increase the ratio of water supplement of fallow period. Organic fertilizer and mulch increased the soil water content before sowing at depth of 0-100 cm, 100-200 cm, 0-200 cm, 0-300 cm, and the effect of organic fertilizer and mulch on the soil water content at depth of 200-300 cm was not significant. The results also showed that, the effect of film mulch on the soil water content was greater than paper mulch and organic fertilizer could increase the extent of film mulch effect on soil water content. Mulching film could increase the soil water content at each soil layers of 40-160 cm under the condition of organic fertilizer, and could increase the soil water content at each soil layers of 40-140 cm under the condition of no fertilizer. Both of fertilizer and mulch all significantly increased yield. The analysis showed that soil water content at depth of 0-100 cm, 100-200 cm, 0-300 cm before sowing had a positive significant relationship with number per ear and yield, and the correlation between soil water content at each soil layers of 20-140 cm and yield, number per ear reached significant or very significant level. So organic fertilizer and mulch in fallow period could increase the soil water content before sowing and could improve yield in wheat under dryland condition, and film mulch with organic fertilizer was the best.