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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (13): 236-243.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2232

所属专题： 园艺

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同种植年限对菜地土壤结构的影响

万毅林,高明   

  1. 西南大学,西南大学资源与环境学院
  • 收稿日期:2014-08-15 修回日期:2015-04-08 接受日期:2014-09-29 出版日期:2015-06-02 发布日期:2015-06-02
  • 通讯作者: 万毅林
  • 基金资助:
    国家“十二五”科技支撑国家 “十二五” 科技支撑计划项目 “西南地区种养业废弃物循环利用技术集成与示范” (2012BAD141318)。划项目“西南地区种养业废弃物循环利用技术集成与示范”

Effects of Different Planting Years on Soil Structure in Vegetable Fields

  • Received:2014-08-15 Revised:2015-04-08 Accepted:2014-09-29 Online:2015-06-02 Published:2015-06-02

摘要： 为了探究不同种植年限对菜地土壤结构的影响情况，为土壤培肥提出切实可行的方法，采用萨维诺夫法分析了重庆市九龙坡区白市驿镇蔬菜基地种植1年、5年、10年的菜地土壤团聚体的组成情况及其差异。结果表明：水稳性团聚体含量以及稳定性在不同种植年限土壤间存在较大差异。对于0~20 cm土层土壤，1~0.25 mm、>3 mm和>5 mm水稳性团聚体含量均表现为1年>5年>10年，20~40 cm土层也存在类似变化。表明随着种植年限的增加，各土层土壤水稳性团聚体含量逐渐降低。对于0~20 cm土层，1年土壤>0.25 mm团聚体平均破坏率为27.78%，5年和10年土壤>0.25 mm团聚体平均破坏率分别高达49.86%、58.74%；对于各种植年限土壤20~40 cm土层也存在相同的趋势。说明随着种植年限的增加，土壤团聚体破坏率增高，土壤结构稳定性降低。相关分析表明，土壤有机质含量与种植年限、平均破坏率呈显著负相关（相关系数分别为-0.880*、-0.897*、n=6），与>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量、>3 mm水稳性团聚体含量、>5 mm水稳性团聚体含量、3~1 mm水稳性团聚体含量、1~0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量呈显著正相关（相关系数分别为0.897*、0.868*、0.859*、0.835*、0.829*、n=6），土壤团聚体MWD与>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量之间达到极显著正相关（相关系数为0.985**，n=6）。说明随着种植年限增加，土壤有机质含量降低，水稳性团聚体含量增加，平均破坏率逐渐增加。>0.25 mm的水稳性团聚体含量越多，土壤平均重量直径(MWD)值越大，土壤团聚体稳定性越强。有机质含量是影响研究区紫色土土壤水稳性团聚体含量及稳定性的主要因素。

关键词: 农户分类, 农户分类, 农业补贴, 差异化, 机制

Abstract: In order to explore the effects of different planting years on soil structure in vegetable fields and provide feasible strategies of soil fertility to government, in this paper, different planting years of vegetable fields (1 year, 5 years, 10 years) were chosen according to ecosystems in Vegetable Base of Baishiyi Town, in Chongqing. Contents of water-stable aggregates in soil layers were measured for studying soil structure characteristics and compositive difference of soil aggregates. Results showed that, water-stable aggregates content, composition and stability are quite different among the soil of different planting years. For 0-20 cm soil layer, water-stable aggregates content of 1-0.25 mm, > 3 mm and > 5 mm were all appeared as 1 year > 5 years > 10 years, 20-40 cm soil layer had similar changes, showing that with the increase of planting years, water-stable aggregates content decreases gradually. For 0-20 cm soil layer, the rate of > 0.25 mm soil aggregate damage was 27.78%, the rate of > 3 mm and > 5 mm soil aggregate damage was as high as 49.86%, 58.74% respectively, the same as 20-40 cm soil layer. The experimental results showed that with increase of planting years, soil aggregate damage rate was increased, soil structure stability was reduced. Correlation analysis showed that there was a remarkable negative relevant relationship between soil organic matter content and planting years, the average damage rate (correlation coefficient was -0.880*, - 0.897*, n=6), a stable positive relationship between soil organic matter content and > 0.25 mm water stable aggregates content, > 3 mm water- stable aggregates content, > 5 mm water stable aggregates content,3~1mm water- stable aggregates content，1~0.25mm water- stable aggregates content (correlation coefficient was0.897*, 0.868*, 0.859*, 0.835*, 0.829*, n=6), and a stable positive relationship between MWD and > 0.25 mm water stable aggregates content (correlation coefficient was 0.985**, n=6). Showing that with the increase of planting years, soil organic matter content reduced, water -stable aggregates content increases, the average damage rate gradually increased. The more > 0.25 mm water stable aggregates content get, the more the value of the soil mean weight diameter (MWD) increased, the stronger the stability of soil aggregates became. The organic matter content is responsible at a certain extent for the contents and stability of purple soil water-stable aggregates.